Search

The evaluation includes 34 plant species (grasses, herbs, legumes). Diagrams demonstrating the ranges of variation, trends and average values of parameters for the forage value and the ensilability are presented. The diagrams include in this paper demonstrate the crude protein content, energy density, sugar content,buffer capacity, S/BC quotient and the nitrate content. Due to the wide differentiation of the species, a uniform assessment of the plants in respect to the investigated parameters is not admissible. The forecast concerning forage value and ensilability regarding the inventory of species on partial areas seems to be justified. Averaging the plants, deficiencies in the tables which are not printed in this paper are offered. These tables are available on request from the author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes and evaluates Bolzano's remarks on the apagogic method of proof with reference to his juvenile booklet ‘Contributions to a better founded presentation of mathematics’ of 1810 and to his ‘Theory of science’ (1837). I shall try to defend the following contentions: (1) Bolzanos’ vain attempt to transform all indirect proofs into direct proofs becomes comprehensible as soon as one recognizes the following facts: (1.1) his attitude towards indirect proofs with an affirmative conclusion differs from his stance to indirect proofs with a negative conclusion; (1.2) by Bolzano's lights arguments via consequentia mirabilis only seem to be indirect. (2) Bolzano does not deny that indirect proofs can be perfect certifications (Gewissmachungen) of their conclusion; what he denies is rather that they can provide grounds for their conclusions. (2.1) They cannot do the latter, since they start from false premises and (2.2) since they make an unnecessary detour. (3) The far-reaching agreement between his early and late assessment of apagogical proofs (in the Beyträge of 1810 and the Wissenschaftslehre of 1837) is partly due to the fact that he develops his own position always against the background of Wolff's and Lambert's views. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In his booklet ‘Contributions to a better founded presentation of mathematics’ of 1810 Bernard Bolzano made his first serious attempt to explain the notion of a rigorous proof. Although the system of logic he employed at that stage is in various respects far below the level of the achievements in his later Wissenschaftslehre, there is a striking continuity between his earlier and later work as regards the methodological constraints on rigorous proofs. This paper tries to give a perspicuous and critical account of the fragmentary logic of Beyträge, and it shows that there is a tension between that logic and Bolzano's methodological ban on ‘kind crossing’. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Seventy years after the insurrection of Spanish military forces against the democratically elected government of the Second Republic, several political, cultural and scientific initiatives have set out to reinforce the historical memory of the Spanish Civil War. An objective historical debate about the war was impossible in Spain under the Franco regime and quite difficult during the transition period to a democratic state because of the ongoing conflict between Francoists and democrats, which led to an attempted military coup against the new Spanish democracy in 1981. The stable democracy Spain now enjoys allows us to revisit the history of the Civil War from a republican and democratic point of view, in order finally to offer a just remembrance of the war's victims on the Republican side, something which has been neglected for decades. This paper explores the representation of the Spanish Civil War in children's drawings, which were collected by several institutions, among them the Biblioteca Nacional de Espana. The existence and preservation of these drawings is the result of unique circumstances. The Spanish Civil War was the first conflict in which modern arms were intentionally used against the civil population on a large scale, so that children became eyewitnesses of military attacks. The government of the Republic organised the evacuation of the civilian population, especially children, from the war zones, using an existing system of school colonies. Guided by their educators, these children started to reflect on their new experiences - the bombardments, the evacuation, the separation from their parents, but also the games, lessons and other activities in the school colonies - in their drawings. These drawings had a double purpose. On the one hand, they were designed as a therapeutic measure to help the children to overcome the traumas produced by the war. On the other hand, these drawings were used as propaganda in order to convince the Western democracies to support the legitimate Spanish government and to stop their policy of non-intervention, which only favoured the military rebels and their supporters, National-socialist Germany and Fascist Italy. Today, the children's drawings of the Spanish Civil War represent a valuable and direct testimony of different aspects of this conflict: life before the war, the breakdown of the Lebenswelt of the children, the presence of the war in daily life, humanitarian support and evacuation, organisation and life in the school colonies and the politicisation of the children. Nowadays, children who suffer the horrors of war continue to draw their experiences. The only difference with the drawings of the children of the Spanish Civil War is that today there is more blood, weapons are more powerful, and society is indifferent and has become accustomed to coexisting with injustice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it is reported about the development of humus- and nutrition ratios on chosen exemplary parameters of agricultural used lignite- and sulphur-bearing post mining soils, which are ameliorated by application of different high amounts of lime and afterwards treated with nutrition rich industry-waste water. These post mining soils develop towards productive plant stands characterized by an average yield of 50 -55 dt GE ·ha -1. a-1 under utilization impact of fodder plant crop rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the background of the hegemony of the English language, this paper examines attitudes and behaviour towards language amongst isiZulu-speaking youth in a South African town- ship environment. It specifically focuses on what appear to be ambivalent and seemingly contradictory views of young isiZulu LI-speakers about the status and function of languages in their lives. Methodologically the study is based on triangulation, employing questionnaires, interviews and par- ticipant observation as data resources. The findings suggest that although the Umlazi youths are generally divided in terms of their attitudes towards English, there seems to exist a wide consensus as to the importance and specific functions of the mother-tongue isiZulu. The youngsters explicitly draw a direct link between their mother-tongue and their home culture and express strong pride with regards to this ethnolinguistic identity. IsiZulu is regarded as a cultural resource and prerequisite to maintain symbols and practices of Zulu tradition. However, a pragmatic and economically-motivated English/isiZulu division appears to prevail in their lives, as English is regarded as what is termed the `communicative' language by the Umlazi youths. The collected data strongly support the claim that many African language speakers have a love-hate relationship with the English language (De Klerk & Gough, 2002: 370) and further suggest that there exists little indication that learners identify with the language other than perceiving it as an instrument to obtain academic and economic success. These findings are indicative of the sociolinguistic dilemma in which many young South Africans whose mother-tongue is not English find themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term fertilization experiments in Romania were started by Hera and Borlan in the 1960s. The experiments have a relatively simple bifactorial experimental design with the following treatments: 5P x 5N rates, 4NP x 4K rates, 4NP x 4 farmyard manure rates. The experiments are placed in 11 sites with representative pedo-climatic conditions. This paper presents some relevant results obtained in these experiments located on acid soils of the Agricultural Research Station Livada. (1) Liming considerably contributed to the realisation of yield. (2) To maintain the pH-value between optimal range the annual application of 0.8 t∙ha-1∙a-1 CaCO3 is necessary. (3) Acidification produced by atmospheric factors in the last 40 years was strong. (4) Fertilization and liming have significantly modified the Corg content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the development of tests concerning mountain pastures in the Harz during the year 1950-2000. Main subject at the beginning was the yield increase and the improvement of the feed quality. But during the seventieth the point of main emphasis changed to poly functional tests. These included erosion prevention and the preserving of potable water quality as well as of the species variety of mountain pastures. We were able to prove, that with a fertilization of 40-60kg N/ha a 50kg K/ha and 32kg P/ha both, a crop of 50-70dt/ha hay was possivle and simultaneously the preserving of the species variety. It is also possible to regenerate the former excessive fertilized pastures. Moreover the actual situation of mountain green lands is discussed. At present utilization and conservation are possivle only with promotion. Variants for pasture management including the preservation of the species variety and requiring little expenditure are described. Various efforts will be necessary in future to preserve the mountain pasture in respect to its meaning as a natural and cultural heritage. The likely future changes of the landscape namely the recession of mountain pastures for the benefit of woodland are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the biosphere reserves of Schorfheide Chorin and Spreewald, Fed. State of Brandenburg, Germany, actually a program for the monitoring of the ecosystems is going to be installed, according to the MAB criteria. Our working group is concerned with the monitoring of the farmland, grassland and peats (natural fens and drained peats). In this paper we present the selected ecosystem -- landuse -- combinations of the peats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drainage is essential to the agricultural use of peat soils. This however, leads to pedogenesis which in most cases takes an unfavourable vourse and often ends up in the complete exhaustion of the peat body. Findings regarding the factors that affect those processes and their course in time are presented in the paper. Unlike soil and substrate types of mineral soils, the soil and substrate types of fens develop within very short periods of time. Attention is drawn to the development of sequential mineral and organic soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elke Schul, is appointed as the new editor of the "Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science." Peter Kundler has retired as Editor-in -chief of the journal after more than three decades of committed, responsible and successful work. Since 1972 he continuously enhanced the international status of the journal, which is reflected in the growing number of English language contributions from authors of various nationalities. The aims and scope of the journal will be maintained, publishing papers on methodological and applied research within the wide range of agronomy and soil science including ecological and environmental aspects.