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Aim: In this paper we review the current literature on the clinical problem that some patients do not achieve response after adequately conducted psychotherapy. We explicate our understanding of nonresponse and treatment resistance including the operational definitions, summarize the theoretical explanations and empirical studies and put forward possible study designs and treatment options. Methods: Literature search using PubMed and Web of Science. Results: For the domain of psychotherapy, the term treatment resistance does not seem appropriate; instead, we use the more descriptive terms nonresponse and recurrent nonresponse. Generally, this topic is far less represented in psychotherapy than in pharmacotherapy. Controlled switching studies with a switch from pharmacotherapy to psychotherapy are rare and those switching from one psychotherapeutic approach to another are nearly nonexistent. Building on clinical considerations, we propose a flow-chart for clinical decision making after nonresponse in psychotherapy. Discussion: Learning from errors is highly beneficial. This principle should be more consistently followed up in psychotherapy research as well as in supervision and training. Guidelines should include consensual and evidence-based advice on how to deal with nonresponse and recurring nonresponse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflicts are considered as vital elements of plural democracies in agonistic political and planning theory. According to this theory, antagonisms are to be tamed and channeled into agonistic disputes. Therefore, forms of participation in planning procedures play a key role in the resolution and regulation of conflicts. The central question of this paper is the role of participatory procedures in planning in order to resolve and settle conflicts, which occur in a particularly sharp way in the context of large-scale projects. The paper presents planning conflicts and forms of participation using the case of the settlement of the Gigafactory Tesla in the German state of Brandenburg. Within the framework of an empirical case study, the approval procedure of the project and a land use plan procedure of the municipality are analysed. Both procedures are characterized by a great acceleration, early preliminary decisions and participation deficits. The result shows that in the case of the settlement of Tesla, in addition to conflicts of interest, values and location, procedural conflicts also occur, which call the acceptance of planning into question. The forms of participation practiced do not prove suitable for taming conflicts, but rather produce mistrust among opponents and reinforce antagonistic dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual subtitles show the spoken words of the audio track simultaneously in the original and as a translation when viewing audiovisual media. Since DVD players and TV sets usually do not have a function that allows dual subtitles to be switched on, the paper first describes how this can nonetheless be done by using a computer and special software. Then 36 empirical studies are reviewed that have investigated the effects of dual subtitles. The article comes to the conclusion that they are only of limited use for the classroom but have great value for self-directed learning outside the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central to the ongoing deliberations concerning the future of religious education are inquiries situated within the macro-level realm of church and educational policy actions. Considering the dynamics associated with religious pluralization, individualization, and dechurching, the primary objective of this study is to explore whether differences exist at the micro-level of religious education in Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Hesse, and Brandenburg. The computation of a one-way ANOVA indicates no significant differences in the perceived instructional-related pluralism of religious education among these federal states. Given this context, the paper advocates for a heightened focus on the quality of religious education at the micro-level of specific task formats and didactic settings, rather than shifting the discourse to the macro-level of organizational formats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper challenges the assumption that lines, colors, and shapes have aesthetic e(ects that are the same for everyone. From an interdisciplinary perspective of art history and empirical aesthetics, we argue that assigning aesthetic e(ects to specific lines or colors may well be a valid theory for some aesthetic encounters, it falls short of explaining universal aesthetic e(ects. Our analysis proceeds in four steps: We begin by reconsidering the notion of aesthetic e(ect as defined in the tradition of Goethe. We then demonstrate that doubts regarding the universality of aesthetic e(ects have existed since the nineteenth century and that the concept of aesthetic sensitivity was introduced around 1900 to account for individual di(erences. We point to the persistence of the idea of universality and, related to this, sensitivity by considering the ›Visual Aesthetic Sensitivity Test‹, first developed in the 1960s by Karl Otto Götz, Daniel Berlyne, and Hans-Jürgen Eysenck. We discuss new empirical research testing interpersonal agreement about aesthetic e(ects. The findings of these studies indicate a low agreement among the participants about aesthetic e(ects, raising serious doubts about assumed universality. In a concluding section, we discuss what remains of the universality claim and propose a weak theory of intersubjective agreement about aesthetic e(ects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research information systems (CRIS) evaluate research achievements and should contribute to the continuous improvement of research. Based on an online survey and interviews with experts from the euroCRIS organization, this research paper gives an overview of the ethical aspects in the field of research information management and shows how CRIS represent ethical dimensions of scientific research and how their development, implementation and functioning should comply with common ethical standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]