Search

The Maternity Protection Act is intended to protect the mother and the child from hazards, excessive demands and damage to health in the workplace, and from financial disadvantages and loss of employment. However, the objectives defined by the Maternity Protection Act—the safety and health of the pregnant employee on the one hand and the prevention of disadvantages in working life on the other—are not yet adequately achieved in the intensive care unit (ICU). Implementation of the Maternity Protection Act to the benefit of all involved parties should also be promoted in the specialist areas represented by the DIVI, in particular the work of pregnant physicians and nursing staff and other working specialists (respiratory therapists, physiotherapists, speech therapists, psychotherapists, and social workers) in the ICU. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the need to consider each pregnant and breastfeeding staff member individually and to work together to find a personal solution for continuing to work in the ICU. Possible ways and solutions to achieve this goal are outlined and practical examples are given for implementation in everyday clinical routine. These are also based on comprehensive presentation of activities according to a traffic light color-code system for all occupational groups. Arguments against pregnant employees working in the ICU are discussed and possible solutions are presented [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Point-of-care sonography is a precondition in acute and emergency medicine for the diagnosis and initiation of therapy for critically ill and injured patients. While emergency sonography is a mandatory part of the training for clinical acute and emergency medicine, it is not everywhere required for prehospital emergency medicine. Although some medical societies in Germany have already established their own learning concepts for emergency ultrasound, a uniform national training concept for the use of emergency sonography in the out-of-hospital setting is still lacking. Experts of several professional medical societies have therefore joined forces and developed a structured training concept for emergency sonography in the prehospital setting. The consensus paper serves as quality assurance in prehospital emergency sonography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The timely integration of palliative medicine is an important component in the treatment of various advanced diseases. While a German S‑3-guideline on palliative medicine exists for patients with incurable cancer, a recommendation for non-oncological patients and especially for palliative patients presenting in the emergency department or intensive care unit is missing to date. Based on the present consensus paper, the palliative care aspects of the respective medical disciplines are addressed. The timely integration of palliative care aims to improve quality of life and symptom control in clinical acute and emergency medicine as well as intensive care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aims: In the scientific community no consensus exists regarding the question whether excessive smartphone use (ESU) should be considered as a behavioral addiction. This position paper summarizes relevant aspects of previous research on ESU with respect to content and methodology. From this, recommendations are derived as to which approaches should be given greater consideration in future research work. Conclusions: Our recommendations include the following points: 1. Development and consistent use of smartphone-based measuring instruments that allow the collection of real-time usage data and the submission of time-controlled questionnaire, 2. Validation of these instruments in large representative samples in Germany, 3. Using real-time smartphone user data to address the question whether ESU can become addictive in nature, 4. Clarification of the central question of the extent to which ESN is specific (i. e., use of specific smartphone functions such as social networks) or generalized (in terms of a behavioral pattern of general smartphone overuse). In the long term, further studies on the neurobiology and long-term stability of ESN should be carried out before the classification of ESN as a behavioral addiction can be recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and the resulting higher frequency of extreme weather events have a direct negative impact on mental health. Natural disasters are particularly associated with an increase in the prevalence of depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder. Indirect consequences of climate change, such as food shortages, economic crises, violent conflicts and forced migration, additionally represent severe psychological risk and stress factors. Climate anxiety and solastalgia, the distress induced by environmental change, are new psychological syndromes in the face of the existential threat posed by the climate crisis. Accordingly, a sustainable psychiatry must prepare for increasing and changing demands. The principles of psychiatric treatment need to focus more on prevention to reduce the overall burden on the healthcare system. Waste of resources and CO2 emissions in psychiatric treatment processes as well as infrastructure must be perceived and prevented. Psychiatric education, training and continuing education concepts should be expanded to include the topic of climate change in order to comprehensively inform and sensitize professionals, those affected and the public and to encourage climate-friendly and health-promoting behavior. More in-depth research is needed on the impact of climate change on mental health. The DGPPN becomes a sponsor and aims for climate neutrality by 2030 by committing to climate-friendly and energy-saving measures in the area of finance, in relation to the DGPPN congress as well as the DGPPN office. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical expertise in infectious diseases is crucial in treating patients with infectious complications. The new board certification in infectious diseases will establish this expertise in Germany. The role of the specialty of infectious diseases in German hospitals and the definition for clinical services in hospitals (levels 2 and 3) are outlined here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New technologies usually have potential, but their mode of action and long-term consequences are not always immediately apparent. This challenge can be met in an interdisciplinary way with approaches that integrate different perspectives. Young scientists have come together to work on meeting this challenge from an interdisciplinary perspective in the Young Forum of Technical Sciences: Technology that people really want. The aim is to support user-centred technology development based on interdisciplinary methods. Engineering, law, social sciences and the humanities can work together to shape technical developments in a way that leads to a form of technology that is adapted to the needs of society. Interdisciplinarity in research and development means mutual permeation of disciplines instead of mere coexistence. The aim is to promote interdisciplinary research groups and projects and to develop common methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal papers such as diaries or memoirs are established sources for historical, cultural and literary research. Special archival collections have been built up over the past decades. Depending on the focus of the content, these collections are composed very differently. With an intersectional approach, some of these differences are presented in this article: Are women and men documented differently in collections of personal papers from artists, scientists or politicians? How is the gender comparison in collections with an everyday history approach? Are women and men possibly represented here with different auto/biographical formats? And what about members of different social classes? Are there also diaries of workers or servants in the archives? The systematic comparison exposes structural inequalities in archival collections and thus shows the direct effects of documentation policies that have a lasting influence on which sources are ultimately available to research – and which are not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acute treatment of stroke patients in Germany is of a very high standard, guaranteed by its system of stroke units. Stroke as a disease has an acute phase followed by a chronic phase that requires a high level of qualified aftercare given by multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teams. In 2020, the German Stroke Society (DSG) founded a commission for long-term stroke care. The aim is to evaluate the current situation of long-term aftercare and suggest improvements for its structure. In this paper the status quo of aftercare is presented and possible deficits are identified. Contributions of various stakeholders from the German healthcare system are analyzed and different projects for post-acute care are presented. Germany has no acknowledged structured aftercare concepts for patients after stroke. The general practitioner-based care is currently the focus of patient management but without a greater, more coordinated integration of neurologists, guideline-led and quality-controlled aftercare will be harder to implement in the future. The assignment of duties and the necessary training standards for the specialist groups in order to comply with the guidelines do not exist. Besides medical health, the needs of physical, social and emotional domains are too seldom considered by a multiprofessional care team. Further developments of a regional care management concept are discussed. The results and costs of any aftercare concepts must be evaluated before widespread implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Irrespective of the great impact stroke exerts on the society as a whole and far-reaching advances in acute treatment and rehabilitation of stroke, so far outpatient services for post-stroke care have not been established on a national level in Germany. Objective and methods: Against the background of this contemporary lack of care, in May 2020 the German Stroke Society (DSG) established the stroke aftercare commission. This position paper discusses structural models of future services addressing outpatient post-stroke care. Results and discussion: The specialized care by a neurologist should be central to a multidisciplinary, interprofessional and transsectoral treatment. Structural concepts of post-stroke care must take regional differences but also effective strategies for quality control into account. Certification processes and appropriate financing of follow-up registries at state and federal levels may pave the way for improvement over the medium term. Structured outpatient post-stroke care services should be open to all subgroups of stroke patients. Additionally, innovative technologies can make an important contribution to post-stroke care; however, the implementation of specialized services demands adequate funding as well as separate financial incentives for the providers. The solution must carefully balance the advantages and disadvantages of the specific care and financing models. Currently the discussion of new models of post-stroke care is gaining new momentum, which opens up perspectives for the advancement of the otherwise still insufficient contemporary care structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term management after stroke has not been standardized in contrast to acute and rehabilitative stroke care. The fragmented outpatient sector of healthcare allows a high degree of flexibility but also variability in the quality of care provided. The commission on long-term stroke care of the German Stroke Society developed a concept on how to provide standardized multiprofessional long-term stroke care with a focus on patient-centered comprehensive care. We propose a diagnostic work-up in stages, with an initial patient-reported screening, followed by an adapted in-depth assessment of affected domains. This includes internistic domains (management of risk factors) and also genuine neurological domains (spasticity, cognitive deficits etc.) that must be considered. This information is then merged with patient expectations and prioritization to a standardized treatment plan. Special challenges for the implementation of such a comprehensive care system are the intersectoral and intrasectoral communication between healthcare providers, patients and relatives, the need to create a compensation system for providers and the establishment of appropriate quality management services. Digital health applications are helpful tools to provide aspects of diagnostics, treatment and communication in long-term stroke care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous cleaning of works of art on paper is one of the most important and delicate steps in a conservation process. It allows the removal of inorganic (metals) and organic substances, such as degradation products and other contaminants. These substances are responsible for yellowing, weakening, and loss of mechanical properties of paper. In this article, the cleaning effect of gellan gum was assessed on xuan paper, a traditional Chinese paper different in composition and papermaking technology compared to many Western papers. To assess the effect of gellan gum on xuan paper, its characteristics were studied before and after cleaning utilizing non-invasive and micro-invasive techniques. Results were compared to those obtained when treating Western papers and indicated that gellan gum can be applied effectively for aqueous cleaning of xuan paper. Zusammenfassung: Die wässrige Reinigung von Kunstwerken auf Papier ist einer der wichtigsten und heikelsten Schritte in einem Restaurierungssprozess. Sie ermöglicht die Entfernung anorganischer (Metalle) und organischer Substanzen wie Abbauprodukte und anderer Verunreinigungen aus dem Papier. Diese Substanzen können Vergilbung und den Verlust mechanischer Festigkeit von Papier verursachen. In diesem Beitrag wurde die Reinigungswirkung von Gellan Gum auf Xuan-Papier untersucht. Xuan-Papier ist ein traditionelles chinesisches Papier, das sich von historischen westlichen Papieren sowohl in der Faserzusammensetzung als auch in der Herstellung unterscheidet. Um die Wirkung von Gellan Gum auf Xuan-Papier zu bewerten, wurden die Eigenschaften des Papiers vor und nach der Reinigung unter Verwendung nicht-invasiver und mikro-invasiver Techniken untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit jenen einer Gellan Gum Behandlung von westlichen Papieren verglichen, und es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Gellan Gum effektiv zur wässrigen Reinigung von Xuan-Papier angewendet werden kann. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple sclerosis is a complex, autoimmune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal/neuronal damage. The approval of various disease-modifying therapies and our increased understanding of disease mechanisms and evolution in recent years have significantly changed the prognosis and course of the disease. This update of the Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group treatment recommendation focuses on the most important recommendations for disease-modifying therapies of multiple sclerosis in 2021. Our recommendations are based on current scientific evidence and apply to those medications approved in wide parts of Europe, particularly German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe, life-limiting neurodegenerative disease. A disease-modifying and approved therapy with nusinersen has been available in Germany since July 2017. Gene therapies offer another promising treatment option through a once in a lifetime administration. In May 2019 a gene replacement therapy for the treatment of SMA was approved for the first time by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). An application for approval in Europe has been submitted and is currently pending. Objective: This consensus paper was compiled at the invitation of the German Society for Muscular Diseases (DGM) with the participation of all potential German neuromuscular treatment centers, the German section of the Society for Pediatric Neurology (GNP) and with the involvement of the medical scientific advisory board of the DGM. The aim was to define and establish the necessary prerequisites for a safe and successful application of the new gene replacement therapy in clinical practice. Conclusion: Gene replacement therapy with onasemnogene abeparvovec has the potential to significantly influence the course of SMA. Long-term data on sustainability of effects and possible adverse effects of gene replacement therapy are not yet available. The application of this innovative therapy must be carried out in specialized and appropriately qualified treatment centers under strict safety conditions. This article makes suggestions for the necessary framework conditions and gives recommendations for a systematic pretreatment and posttreatment assessment schedule under gene therapy. The effectiveness and safety of the therapy should be systematically documented in an industry-independent and disease-specific register. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Germany every second offence occasioning bodily harm and every fourth sexual offence occur under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Untreated substance use disorders are a risk factor for further offences. The §64 of the German Penal Code (StGB) regulates the commitment of offenders to a Forensic addiction treatment unit as a result of an addiction to excessive consummation of intoxicating substances. The previous regulation has come under criticism because too many patients are committed, the sentence is often given to the wrong persons, the treatment is often terminated without success and the sentence consumes to many resources. From a psychiatric perspective the reform of commitment to a Forensic addiction treatment unit (§64 StGB) must fulfil the principles of medical ethics, in particular the respect for the autonomy of the patient, the principle of distributional justice and the code of medical professional ethics. The commitment according to §64 must be restricted to the treatment of people with a clinically relevant substance use disorder. From a psychiatric perspective, decisive for the prospect of success are the willingness to be treated and self-determination for admission to the clinic. In order to release the treatment from the extrinsic influences of the enforcement law, on admission to treatment a sufficient amount of the sentence should have already been served that the commitment only serves the purpose of the treatment and resocialization, so that the risk of further substance-related offences is reduced. The legal term "Entziehungsanstalt" should be replaced by "Forensic Clinic for Dependancy Diseases". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of mental diseases on the employment and working situation can be substantial. They are one of the main reasons for inability to work and reduced earning capacity. Against this background the question arises about suitable occupational reintegration measures for people with severe mental illnesses. In recent years, the principle of supported employment has been internationally shown to be increasingly more successful. In this context mentally ill people are primarily placed at a position of the first employment market and supported on-site by a job coach. This concept is inclusive, individual and evidence based. Despite proven effectiveness, it has so far been insufficiently implemented in German-speaking regions. In the future it will be a matter of considering the individual needs for assistance of mentally ill people more intensively than previously and to respond with functional and in a best-case scenario, multiprofessional and flexible offers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ausgehend von Janus' (2021) These, dass die Psychoanalyse aufgrund der Nichtberücksichtigung der prä-, peri- und postnatalen Erfahrungen an Ansehen verloren hat, fragt der Autor zunächst, worin wissenschaftlicher Fortschritt in der Psychoanalyse überhaupt bestehen kann, und zeigt dann auf, dass die plurale Psychoanalyse nach wie vor eine erstaunliche Aktualität aufweist, auch wenn einige Autoren – wie z. B. Bion oder Janus – nicht mit ihren expliziten metapsychologischen Konzepten berücksichtigt werden. Des Weiteren verdeutlicht er anhand einer Vignette, welche Fragen bei der Rekonstruktion und Konstruktion von Traumen und Konflikten auftreten, die die Bevorzugung bestimmter Lebensphasen problematisch erscheinen lassen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the public debate, plant protection is often reduced to the use of synthetic chemical pesticides and their possible consequences, especially for the environment. In fact, the protection of our cultivated plants is almost inherent in the system, because many of the cultivated plants have been deprived of their own defence mechanisms in the course of their cultivation in order to make them digestible for us or even edible in the first place. The instruments of sustainable plant protection consist of a multitude of options for action which, due to the progressive loss of important active substances in the future and the demands of society, are increasingly needed in their interplay to protect plants from pests, competition and diseases. In addition to low-risk or selective crop protection products and breeding efforts, technical innovations in equipment technology, forecasting, and farm and machinery management are particularly important for comprehensive crop protection. In addition to the conservation of natural resources, the focus must be on the production of safe, regional and high-quality food as well as the economic livelihood of the predominantly family-owned farms. Existing conflicting goals must be resolved in an open and consensus-oriented dialog in order to achieve social acceptance for the protection of our crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The e-paper collection of the German National Library (Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, DNB) contains about 1.200 titles. These digital versions show the original layout of the printed newspapers and are archived as deposit copies. At the same time, the regional libraries are also entitled to receiving copies from the newspaper publishers, based on the laws of their federal states. After several years of preliminary works, a co-operation between the German National Library and, at the moment, eleven regional libraries from seven federal states has started: since January 2018, the collection of the German National Library is accessible from the premises of the participating regional libraries - of course only the e-papers of the respective federal states or areas are available. Thus, handing in and archiving newspapers twice will be avoided, also at federal state level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Motor skills and motor abilities in children are often assessed using pen-paper tests such as tracing and dotting. Therapists also require additional information regarding the quality of movement. Digitisation of these tests may contribute to the accuracy and reliability of the data obtained and its evaluation. But are paper and digital tabletbased versions comparable? Methodology: In this comparative study, data was collected by means of a paper and pen version using the Handednessprofile, a standardised assessment of hand preference and skill. The same assessment was digitized by means of a tablet with a tablet pen. The two data sets were compared using 20 clearly left- or right-handed children aged 4 to 10 years. Eight of the children had motor deficiencies. In addition, the test instructors and the children were asked about perceived deficiencies between the two versions. Results: Although the digitized version achieved significantly more, and thus potentially more accurate data, the non-dominant hand unexpectedly performed better in a few younger and/or children with motor problems. This was not the case with the paper version. Conclusion: The results indicate that the physical characteristics of a tablet appear to distort the data in some younger children and those with motor deficiencies. Motor-related compensatory patterns may not work as well for these children on a tablet, compared to paper. The results indicate that the digitization of a tracing test using a tablet may not be suitable for this target group. Further studies are needed to support these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Difficulties in falling asleep and maintaining sleep, nonrestorative sleep and decreased daytime wakefulness represent very common but relatively unspecific health complaints. Around 100 specific sleep-related disorders will be classified in their own major chap. 7 (sleep wake disorders) for the first time in the upcoming 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 11). With respect to the disciplines of psychiatry and psychotherapy there is a bidirectional relationship between mental health and sleep wake disorders. Sleep wake disorders can be an independent risk factor for the onset of a mental disorder and have a negative influence on the course of the disease. In addition, sleep wake disorders can also precede a mental disease as an early symptom and therefore be an important indication for early recognition. Many sleep wake disorders can be diagnosed based on the anamnesis and routine clinical investigations. In special cases, examination in a specialized sleep laboratory and treatment in a sleep medicine center following a staged care approach can be mandatory. Polysomnography represents the gold standard for the differential diagnostics; however, there is no legal foundation in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders for remuneration in the German healthcare system. This review summarizes the current guidelines with respect to the criteria for an investigation in a sleep laboratory from the perspective of the disciplines of psychiatry and psychotherapy. From this the requirements for guideline-conform diagnostics and treatment are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a report from a November 14-15, 2013 conference in Heidelberg, Germany on the history of the production and usage of paper in the Middle Ages. Topics of presentations delivered included the digitization of Middle Ages manuscripts at the university library in Heidelberg, Germany, the methodology of paper production in the 15th century, and the history of European paper mills.

This position paper addresses to neurological, neurosurgical and accident surgical acute care hospitals as well as neurological rehabilitation clinics. It is meant to help facilitate the transition from inpatient to outpatient treatment for people with acquired brain injury, to close treatment gaps and to prevent termination of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into the Ellsberg paradox, showcasing its significance in economic and social decision-making theories, specifically addressing the ambiguity in probability assessment. It highlights Daniel Ellsberg's discovery, his renowned release of the Pentagon Papers and his pioneering work on decision theory. It states that the paradox challenges the independence of irrelevant alternatives axiom, revealing how individuals' choices contradict their subjective beliefs about probabilities.

Responding to Farhad Dalal's question "one group analysis or many?" the author looks at contextual factors of working with groups, claiming that group therapists are different in different groups and adjusting to setting variables. He describes aspects of the "Goettingen Model of Group Psychotherapy". This model offers variability in conducting groups within one theoretical concept. Many aspects (e. g. a marked intersubjective approach and working with an "answering" mode) are close to Dalal's thinking. In contrast to Dalal, however, empirical evidence and evidence based therapies are seen as valuable parts of group psychotherapies and group analysis. Within this conceptual frame, working in and with groups is both - one group analysis and many. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Museum of Modern Literature and the Schiller National Museum exhibit the collections of the German Literature Archive. That means: much paper, much pieces of writing and many invisible things - the nucleus of writing and thinking, the motivations and dynamic environments of inventing. The "flat ware" in the exhibitions is a liminal area between body and mind, material and sense, sign and language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars usually understand Κύρια Δόξα (ΚΔ) 33 as an antiplatonic polemic. This paper denies the communis opinio. First, it argues for an ontological reading of the maxim according to which justice (understood as virtue) is not a body but a property. Second, it shows that the Stoics hold the very thesis disputed in ΚΔ 33, namely that virtue is a body. This makes the Stoa the natural target of the maxim. Finally, the paper deals with De rerum natura I.464-482: here Lucretius criticizes nameless opponents with regard to the thesis that events are to be understood as bodies. If these opponents can be identified with the Stoics, as is usually assumed, there is further evidence besides ΚΔ 33 that the Epicureans engaged with the Stoic thesis of corporealism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freud claimed that objects are means of satisfying drives (Freud, 1916), a view that was strengthened by object-relation theories, which claims that drives are primarily object-seeking (Fairbairn, 1946). In a recently published paper, I have suggested modifying this assumption. I argue that while drives are consciously directed at objects, they are unconsciously directed solely at characteristics (Saad, 2022). In this paper, I examine the distinction between directing drives at characteristics and directing drives at objects. I then use this distinction to make a distinction between transference relations and real relations. Finally, I show that the characteristic/object distinction might reveal intrapsychic conflicts in which the subject is consciously attracted to an object and unconsciously repulsed by its characteristics (or vice versa), and I examine how these conflicts can be analyzed within the psychoanalytic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to present a Christian mission of hunger and poverty alleviation through a life in communion with the trinity and in the context of the Ga celebration of homowo in Ghana. It is in the hope of the renewal of all things at the end of the world. It is to appreciate the essence of homowo in order to appropriate it for a Christian mission. The paper seeks to achieve this goal of mission by connecting the hunger and poverty alleviation and life-giving essence as well as the sense of unity embedded in the homowo feast to the mission of the triune God in the cosmos and with the "give us this day our daily bread" statement of Jesus Christ. Although the Kpelelogical method seems to be easily understood because it is mutually critical and connects seamlessly with the praxis of Christianity among Ga Christians, it has previously not been adopted as a theological method, as it is in this article. It is the paradoxical Ga Christian articulation of the Christian faith whereby the Christian faith is enlightened by the Kpele homowo and yet transforms the Kpele homowo after rejecting it. At the end of the engagement, Jesus in the homowo celebration is seen as the Okpelejen Wulormor Homoyiwolor ker Naanowalahalor (the cosmic priest, king, prophet who jeers at hunger, and giver of eternal life). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to the legal definition healthcare systems and their components (e.g., hospitals) are part of the critical infrastructure of modern industrial nations. During the last few years hospitals increasingly became targets of cyber attacks causing severe impairment of their operability for weeks or even months. According to the German federal strategy for protection of critical infrastructures (KRITIS strategy), hospitals are obligated to take precautions against potential cyber attacks or other IT incidents. Objective: This article describes the process of planning, execution and results of an advanced table-top exercise which took place in a university hospital in Germany and simulated the first 3 days after a cyber attack causing a total failure of highly critical IT systems. Material and methods: During a first stage lasting about 8 months IT-dependent processes within the clinical routine were identified and analyzed. Then paper-based and off-line back-up processes and workarounds were developed and department-specific emergency plans were defined. Finally, selected central facilities such as pharmacy, laboratory, radiology, IT and the hospitals crisis management team took part in the actual disaster exercise. Afterwards the participants were asked to evaluate the exercise and the hospitals cyber security using a questionnaire. On this basis the authors visualized the hospitalʼs resilience against cyber incidents and defined short-term, medium-term and long-term needs for action. Results: Of the participants 85% assessed the exercise as beneficial, 97% indicated that they received adequate support during the preparations and 75% had received sufficient information; however, only 34% had the opinion that the hospitalʼs and their own preparedness against critical IT failures were sufficient. Before the exercise took place, IT-specific emergency plans were present only in 1.7% of the hospital facilities but after the exercise in 86.7% of the clinical and technical departments. The highest resilience against cyber attacks was not surprisingly reported by facilities that still work routinely with paper-based or off-line processes, the IT department showed the lowest resilience as it would come to a complete shutdown in cases of a total IT failure. Conclusion: The authors concluded that the planning phase is the most important stage of developing the whole exercise, giving the best opportunity for working out fallback levels and workarounds and through this strengthen the hospitals resilience against cyber attacks and comparable incidents. A meticulous preparedness can minimize the severe effects a total IT failure can cause on patient care, staff and the hospital as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper compares the different views of the two former presidents of the French National Library in the controversy over Google Books. Jean-Noël Jeanneney's criticism and rejection of any library collaboration with commercial enterprises such as Google is outlined, including his promotion for Europeana as a joint European alternative project. This is contrasted with his successor Bruno Racine's more open approach towards mass-scale digitisation in collaboration with commercial partners. The paper concludes with an outlook on the National Library's digitisation policy under the current management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project "Kompetenznetzwerk Digital Edition" (KONDE) is funded by the Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy and has been operational since spring 2017. It is committed to the premises of the Open Science Community and aims to create conditions for the establishment of a sustainable publication platform for digital editions (DE). Contributors from the Universities Graz, Innsbruck, Klagenfurt, Salzburg and Vienna, the Graz University of Technology and the University of Arts Graz together with colleagues from the Austrian National Library, the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Adalbert Stifter Institute of the Province of Upper Austria, have set themselves the goal of establishing a research infrastructure for digital editions and pooling their expertise in this field throughout Austria. This infrastructure should by no means be understood merely as ahardware solution or a collection of technical solutions. It will also approach the topic of DE from a methodological-theoretical point of view and make the work and discussion results available to the scientific community in an interactive white paper on digital editing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of telemonitoring in the care of patients with sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) can enhance medical support significantly. Telemonitoring aims to help physicians detect therapy problems early and thus improve patients' therapy adherence. Diagnostics and therapy decisions in the telemonitoring process nevertheless remain the responsibility of sleep specialists. The selection of data monitored, their evaluation and resulting consequences fall to the physician, who makes decisions and prescribes therapy in consultation with the patient. In light of professional legal and ethical requirements, it must be ensured that extensive changes to the process flow in sleep medicine are designed in a way to guarantee high-quality patient care. In this position paper, the German Sleep Society, the German Respiratory Society, the Association of Pneumological Hospitals and the Federal Association of German Pneumologists comment on important aspects for implementation of telemonitoring for SRBD and describe the basic conditions required for its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ralf Schimmer answers questions about Max Planck Society's positioning on open access systems and also speaks a bout motives and date of the release of its keynote paper “ Disrupting the subscription journals ' business model for the necessary largescale transformation to open access: A Max Planck Digital Library Open Access Policy White Paper" . The interv ie w also refects the differe t kinds and fun ding of open access systems as well as the question about future tasks of libraries, of open access systems w ill succeed the classic pattern of journ ls which rely on subscriptions und licences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A position paper on the topic of freedom of expression and the right to access political, ideological, and religious literature in libraries is presented.