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Background and Objective: Traumatic injuries are amongst the leading causes of death and disability in the world across all age groups. This systematic review aimed to (1) describe the role of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) on the development of chronic pain and/or pain-related disability following musculoskeletal trauma and (2) report pain and or pain-related disability by injury severity/type. Database and Data Treatment: Electronic databases were searched, from inception to 31 November 2021 and updated on 10 May 2022, to identify studies in which: participants were adults aged >16 years sustaining any traumatic event that resulted in one or more musculoskeletal injuries; an outcome measure of PTSS was used within 3 months of a traumatic event; the presence of pain and/or pain-related disability was recorded at a follow-up of 3 months or more. Two reviewers independently screened papers and assessed the quality of included studies. Results: Eight studies were included. Owing to between-study heterogeneity, the results were synthesized using a narrative approach. Five studies investigated the relationship between PTSS and pain. Participants with PTSS were more likely to develop persistent pain for at least 12 months post-injury. Six studies assessed the relationship between PTSS and pain-related disability. The results suggest that patients with PTSS had significantly higher disability levels for at least 12 months post-injury. Conclusion: Findings from this comprehensive systematic review support a clear relationship between PTSS post-injury and future pain/disability, with the potential importance of certain PTSS clusters (hyper-arousal and numbing). Significance: The findings of this systematic review indicate an association between PTSS reported within 3 months of a traumatic musculoskeletal injury and the development of longer-term pain and disability. The PTSS clusters of 'hyper-arousal' and 'numbing' appear to be of particular importance in this relationship. Prospero Registration Number: CRD42021285243. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This survey article on studies in premodern Arabic legal documents indicates major scholarly editions from the last 20 years. It then depicts new digitally based methods of how to analyze such specimen from a comparative perspective as relics from Muslim legal practices throughout the 8th to 15th centuries. As conclusion, it presents a chronology of notarial practices interrelating with the changing role of juridical thinking (fiqh) in Islamic law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Otorrhea is a common symptom of acute otitis media (AOM). It is sometimes the first and only symptom of a perforated AOM (absence of fever or pain). National and international recommendations consider it as a noisy symptom or a sign of seriousness of an AOM, justifying systematic oral antibiotic therapy, whatever the age of the child and whatever the symptomatic character (fever or pain). What randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or meta-analyses of RCTs support these recommendations? What is the effectiveness of oral or topical antibiotics in children with isolated otorrhea on AOM? A systematic review of RCTs and meta-analyses of RCTs (MA) concerning the antibiotic treatment of otorrhea isolated on AOM in children was conducted. The Medline and Cochrane databases were consulted until 30/07/2019. Results: No RCT or MA of RCT evaluated the effect of oral or topical antibiotic therapy in children with asymptomatic otorrhea following a perforated AOM. Conclusion: Current recommendations to systematically treat children with isolated otorrhea on AOM with antibiotics are not justified by an RCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theme of our research is to describe the structural characteristics, the natural regeneration and the demographic structure of zeen oak in the Ouled Bechih forest (Souk Ahras). Data were collected by random sampling on 6 square plots of 0.09 ha. The dendrometric parameters measured were diameter at 1.3 m above ground level, total tree height and seedlings with diameter ≤ 10 cm. The diameter and height structures were fitted to the theoretical Weibull distribution using Minitab14 and XLStat 2022 software. The main results obtained indicate that mean height, mean diameter and basal area are significantly different in the 6 plots. The average density of Zeen oak trees in the Ouled Bechih forest is 157 trees/ha with a basal area of 22.65±5.53 m 2 /ha, the natural regeneration is average, it is 234.27%. The analysis of the diameter and height structures shows predominance of old trees with large diameters and high heights. These results constitute a database, which contributes to the improvement and sustainable management of the Zeen oak in this forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equestrian artists (EA), with their multiple characteristics, are poorly identified in the world of performing arts. The issue of professionalisation of the sector is not perceived in the same way by the actors concerned. The contribution focuses on the relationship of AEs to training and is based on a plural data collection: semi-directive interviews (n=31), and interviews carried out on the basis of traces of the activity in a prototypical training course. The latter, designed by a team of researchers in the context of technological research, was experienced in total immersion for a week (researchers and AEs). The inter-level approach makes it possible to understand the modes of learning favoured in the course of the AEs; moreover, it opens up the experience lived by the latter, engaged, with the researchers, in a training intended to test the proposals and to adjust the professionalization project. The results open up a reflection on what this research produces in terms of knowledge, and on what it engages/transforms at the collective and individual levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the "reengineering" of initial studies of physiotherapy, it is sought to understand the situation of transmission-learning of the clinical reasoning of a student and his tutor in an internship situation, during the first patient encounter. The first session is considered a problematic situation in the link professions. Using Houssaye's pedagogical triangle (2014) and Lescouarch's quadrangle (2018), the interactions of guardianship and shoring are looked at. The approach used is part of the field of professional knowledge. The student performs, under supervision, a first care session with a patient accustomed to this liberal practice. The survey methodology implemented includes recordings of care sessions. The comments are based on the analysis of data from five patient/tutor/student triads. The analysis of the interactions and the different positions taken by the actors during the session allows modeling in an educational pyramid, placing the patient as a third part mediator in the learning of clinical reasoning. He assumes several roles depending on the support and the pedagogical posture he adopts. The patient's role in this learning be an unthought of the training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through this contribution we would like to propose an analysis of the variation, mainly diatopic, applied to fixed sequences, through a resource we have developed for Automatic Language Processing. The large number of variants that appear in corpora has led us to carry out an exhaustive analysis of these constructions in order to allow native and non-native users, and NLP applications, to use these fixed sequences correctly. The textual data are varied, from qualite potentially degraded and voluminous. Finally, the other difficulty that NLP must face to access the meaning of texts are the intrinsic characteristics of natural languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, it is shown that a naïve multiparametric approach to classification problems (excluding clustering), carried out by optimizing a limited number of quantities (discriminating powers and interclass boundaries), can constitute an appreciable aid to the interpretation of the results produced by sophisticated algorithms in the field of taxonomy. An optimal discriminant function, linear or not, is obtained by considering the means and the standard deviations of the classes, the interclass limits and the discriminating power of the parameters. A double optimization is carried out using the Excel solver according to a gradients method (GRG, Generalized Reduced Gradient). This method proves to be superior to the use of interclass boundaries based on Student's coefficients as they were taken into account in a previous publication (Maeck, 2018). After a detailed presentation, the method is applied to a few classification cases in plant and animal taxonomy and then extended to more general databases to compare performance with current classification tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaria remains a public health problem in the DRC and particularly in Sankuru province. This study aim to identify the environmental factors that could explain the heterogeneities observed in the distributions of malaria cases in Sankuru province from 2011 to 2015 Methodology A comprehensive ecological analytical study was used, using malaria data base from 2011-2015, Multi-Variable Analysis Using Linear Regression Using Pro R® Software. Results The Health areas of Omendjadi and Tshumbe were the most affected in the study period with an average annual incidence above 17938 per 100,000 inhabitants; Two variables (temperature, vegetative cover are positively correlated with the increase in malaria incidence in Sankuru Province (T ° 1: X2 = 0.46545, CI [1.32-2.2], Odds = 1.59; 2 X2 = 0.57016, CI [1.44-2.16], Odds = 1.76 and Plant cover, X2 = 0.13740, CI [1.02-1.28], Odds = 1.14). Knowledge of the interactions between environmental factors, on the one hand, and the vector, the host and the parasite, on the other, provides a better understanding of the spatio-temporal evolution of malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: blood cultures are the best diagnostic tool for the detection of bacteremia. However, false positive results may lead to confusion about antibiotic regimens, putting the lives of patients at risk. The main purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) as well as of Corynebacterium spp and Bacillus spp in the bags of blood culture analyzed in the microbiology laboratory at the Ibn-Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca. This prevalence was evaluated according to various Hospital Departments over the year 2016. Methods: we conducted a descriptive, retrospective study by analysing the computerized database of the Laboratory of bacteriology and virology at the Ibn-Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca over a 12-month period from 1 st January to 31 st December 2016. Our study focused on bacteria forming part of the commensal flora (coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Corynebacteria spp and Bacillus spp). The blood culture bags were incubated in the automated blood culture system (Bactec FX). The identification of the germs from a positive culture was performed according to the standard techniques of bacteriology and susceptibility testing was performed according to EUCAST 2015. We conducted an analysis of the computerized database of KALISIL system (Netika) version (2.2.10.) of the Microbiology Laboratory at the Ibn-Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca. Results: out of 7959 requests for blood cultures obtained from 5801 patients addressed to the laboratory of bacteriology, 2491 were positive, of which 848, reflecting a rate of 34% of positive bags or 10.6% of the whole of bags received over the year 2016, were positive for coagulase negative Staphylococcus, 56 bags of blood cultures, reflecting a rate of 2.2%, were positive for Corrynébacteruim SP, followed by 60 bags of blood cultures, reflecting a rate of 2.4%, which were positive for Bacillus sp. The frequency of isolation of coagulase negative Staphylococcus compared to other bacteria according to Clinical Departments showed a higher frequency in the Paediatric Department (47.2%) followed by the Medicine Department (44.1%). Conclusion: this study shows that coagulase negative Staphylococci are the organisms most frequently isolated from blood cultures. They are a non-negligible cause of nosocomial infections, but they are also the most common blood culture contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GPS positions are useful to analyze movements of mobile objects. Unfortunately, the outcome can be unsatisfactory due to imprecision and signal lost. Several sensors (generic or specific ones depending on the type of vehicle) are now included into mobile objects. This article describes a new model for semantic trajectories. This article also presents the movement pattern extraction process based on the raw data from GPS and other sensors, which help identified vehicle activities and movement patterns. This process was successfully applied to the Indre et Loire fire department and its connected ambulances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutional repositories have become an important vector for scientific communication. Today, four out of five open archives are institutional archives. One of their characteristics is their great diversity. There is no one single model, but a variety; not a single procedure but multiple options. Our article describes four basic patterns or "archetypes" (publishing platform, container, heritage site, deposit), their success factors and some prospects. The legitimacy of institutions, but also their strategic choices and their digital infrastructure impact the future of these sites. If they neglect the needs of the scientific communities, their fate will be that of catalogs and other databases: useful indeed, but not essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) consumption is a widespread practice in populations of Eastern Africa. In Europe, it concerns the first-generation migrants and their descendants. Khat is not subject to control under UN conventions, which are based on a WHO recommendation. However, states remain free to regulate khat within the framework of their national legislation, such as in France and some European countries. This discordance among regulations questions the real or supposed dangerousness of this plant. Methods: We used the search engine of the bibliographic database PubMed, in order to identify the relevant publications on khat's toxicity. Results: Chronic use of khat is associated with deteriorations in the regulation of blood pressure, and an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Like cannabis, khat can be involved in the onset of psychotic disorders. The risk of addiction is not excluded. In animals, several studies suggest that khat use encourages aggressiveness. The carcinogenic nature has not been established, although genotoxicity is suspected in vivo. Conclusions: The risk of cardiovascular and psychiatric complications due to frequent use of khat, its potentially carcinogenic nature, and the chemical relationship of cathinone with amphetamine justify the inscription of khat in the list of controlled narcotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: State of the art: Coping with immunization stress in infants and toddlers has several implications. First, it helps to prevent that parents avoid immunizations for their children. Second, it allows lowering the pain due to the injection itself. Third, it prevents children to live the medical exam as a traumatic experience. However, literature in this domain is scarce and most often devoted to children aged of 6 years and beyond. The aim of this paper is to operate a synthesis of the existing researches in order to highlight the variables upon which practitioners may act upon to help children to cope with the stress of the immunization. Method: We propose in this paper a review of the research literature by selecting prominent references in the scientific databases (e.g. PsycInfo, PubMed, Google Scholar). Results: Fundamental researches have shown that children coping in medical settings depends on individual (e.g. temperament) and relational (e.g. attachment) factors. Applied researches have allowed to test preparatory procedures at a physiological (e.g. topical anesthetics) or at a psychological level (e.g. distraction). They show that the parent may be coached to help the child to cope with the immunization stress. Conclusion: The synthesis of the researches shows the overall efficacy of preparatory procedures. There is however an individual variability depending on the regulation skills of the child and of the parent, and on their attachment relationship. Practitioners should take these factors into account to choose which preparatory procedure, if any, is to be applied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

ims: Cancer patients' willingness to be informed about clinical trials (CT) and their investigation sites is rapidly increasing. The French National Cancer Institute (INCa) has created a national registry for clinical trials in oncology (Registre essais cliniques français - RECF: ). No public information campaign has been started and data on patients' frequentation and expectancies is not available; our study aimed to answer these questions. Procedures: From February 27th to August 27th 2009, visitors (patients or relatives) to the INCa's CT-dedicated website were asked to complete an anonymous online auto-questionnaire. Data on gender, type of cancer, time from diagnosis, knowledge about clinical research, CT participation, and quality of information delivered by the RECF was collected. Results: A total of 319 questionnaires were completed. Of them: 193 (61%) were patients; 293 (92%) knew the primary site of the disease on which they were seeking information; 269 (85%) knew if it was a localized (47%) or a distant disease (38%); 206 (65%) and 235 (74%) had heard the terms 'clinical research' and 'CT', respectively. Among patients who had been offered to participate to a CT, 83% had agreed to. Most of the patients found the information useful (88%) and comprehensible (89%). Conclusion: Participants of this survey seemed to be well informed about their cancer and the availability of CT. They seemed satisfied by the quality and readability of the information provided by RECF. Updated data on CT was commonly searched. Public information campaigns on CT have to be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral administration is often difficult for tablets or capsules when patients have nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, deglutition disorder... Howewer, specifics dosages forms are avaible. This multidisciplinary approach has allowed to build a free practical guide for optimizing medical management for upper affected gastrointestinal system. We screened Vidal Hoptimal 2010 database to collect drugs with dosages forms adapted and build a booklet and an iPhone app for best supportive care in ambulatory care. Drugs are classified by pharmaceutical, dosage form, INN, trade mark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Since 1994, adverse effects of transfusion transmitted to the French haemovigilance network are registered on “e-fit”, the database of the French agency for the safety of health products (Afssaps). In order to improve their analysis, guidance supports have been made by Afssaps working groups. Each support deals with a blood transfusion side effect and is composed of five parts including pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, management recommendations, etiologic investigations and rules of filing the notification form on e-fit. The major characteristics of sheets published or soon-to-be published are presented: transfusion-related acute lung injury, transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection, non-haemolytic febrile reaction, allergic reaction, transfusion-associated circulatory overload, hypotensive transfusion reaction, alloimmunization, erythrocyte incompatibility reaction and hemosiderosis. These new supports give relevant guidelines allowing a better analysis and evaluation of recipients’ adverse reactions, particularly their diagnosis, gravity and accountability. They could also initiate studies in European and international haemovigilance and transfusion networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A number of international databases are well-known and useful tools for professionals in blood transfusion. The advent of national hemovigilance registries and an international focus on transfusion practice and transfusion safety has led individuals and organisations to collect and compare data. This has led to the development of internationally useful indicators, for instance figures for the numbers of red cell products transfused per 1000 in the population. An international database of hemovigilance data (surveillance database for transfusion associated adverse reactions and events [STARE]) is currently being developed by the International Hemovigilance Network. In the pilot phase, it is seen that differences exist between the rates of adverse reactions and events. Factors such as the working method and definitions in use in the countries must be taken into account and efforts made to increase uniformity of the data. The remaining variability might then generate hypotheses of areas or types of increased risk, which would need to be further investigated in specific projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: The steady increase of the blood demand since 2001 requires to study the clinical characteristics of blood components recipients. The objective was to describe patients transfused in 2006 in Bordeaux University Hospital, and to identify the diseases which justified the transfusion practice, using French hospital claims database. Study design: Data from haemovigilance system were linked to hospital claims databases in order to describe patients transfused in 2006. To target diseases related to transfusion, a list of diagnoses considered as markers for transfusion was drawn up, and validated by physicians prescribing blood components. Results: Among the 100 004 patients admitted to hospital in 2006, 6275 (6.3%) received blood components; 46 727 blood units were transfused to these patients, including 67% of red blood cell, 13% of platelet concentrates and 20% of fresh-frozen plasma; 69% of blood units were prescribed in medical wards, 30% in surgery wards and 1% in gynaecology and obstetrics. The main diagnoses associated with blood transfusion were circulatory complications after cardiac surgery (80% of patients with this diagnosis were transfused), bone marrow aplasia (76% of patients), anaemia (55%), and gastro-intestinal bleeding (48%). The highest numbers of blood units were transfused to patients with hypovolemic, traumatic or postoperative shock, anaemia, hemopathy, or coagulation disorders. Conclusion: This study provided a clinical profile of the transfused patients. Data collected could be used to plan blood collection and to define objectives and resources of healthcare establishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: New technologies, which constantly become available for mutation detection and gene analysis, have contributed to an exponential rate of discovery of disease genes and variation in the human genome. The task of collecting and documenting this enormous amount of data in genetic databases represents a major challenge for the future of biological and medical science. The Locus Specific Databases (LSDBs) are so far the most efficient mutation databases. This review presents the main types of databases available for the analysis of mutations responsible for genetic disorders, as well as open perspectives for new therapeutic research or challenges for future medicine. Accurate and exhaustive collection of variations in human genomes will be crucial for research and personalized delivery of healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The evaluation of clinical practice includes three successive phases: demonstration of suboptimal clinical practice, proposals for improvement, and assessment of effective changes. We present a medical computerized database used for this evaluation. Patient and methods: Our database includes 24 parameters for all hospitalized patients among which diagnosis and antibiotherapy. The first assessment phase indicated an unjustified heterogeneous antibiotherapy for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The second phase was the drafting of our own consensus for CAP treatment, aiming at reducing the use of fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporin. The computerized database was used in the third phase to check observance of our consensus. Results: Two hundred and fifty patients were hospitalized for CAP before the consensus, from October to January 2005, 2006, and 2007, compared to 113 patients from October 2008 to March 2009. The rate of adequate prescriptions improved from the first period to the second one: 58% versus 69%, p =0.045. The inadequate use of fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins was more frequent during the first period, compared to the second one: 49% versus 38%, p =0.048. The mean hospital stay was longer before applying our consensus: 9±5 days versus 7±4 days, p =0.009. Evolution was unfavorable in 15/250 cases (6%) and 3/113 cases (<1%), respectively. Conclusion: A medical database allows for a rapid implementation of two out of three phases of clinical evaluation, through the appropriation of a new consensus, with a reduction of antibiotic misuse without impact on infectious morbidity and mortality. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: Adverse transfusion effects with “unidentified diagnosis” are yearly notified on the French national database “e-FIT” in various numbers and with high interregional discrepancies. The aim of this work was to analyse them in order do reach a better understanding of these notifications. Results: On a total of 2499 “Fiches d’Effets Indésirables Receveurs” (FEIR) registered in 2006 in five French regions, 416 with “unidentified diagnosis” were analysed. Fifty-seven percent of them were kept classified in “unidentified diagnosis”. Forty-three per cent of FEIR were reclassified, some in already proposed diagnostic categories (100 EIR), some in new proposed diagnostic categories (80 EIR) as: pathological context of the patient, pains linked to transfusion, hypotension. Conclusion: The study confirms the necessity to re-examine the French notification system. It underlines the insufficiency of clinical and biological investigations, which could allow to reach accurate diagnosis. It gives prominence the necessity of taking into account the patient''s pathology and targets at least two diagnoses of transfusion adverse effects which are not yet proposed on the FEIR model. This work brings an overture about evolution of the French haemovigilance database which will involve further developments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Résumé: Introduction: À côté des médicaments, un certain nombre de traitements sont utilisés dans la polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PR) sans véritable consensus sur leurs modalités de prescription. Les récents progrès dans la prise en charge médicamenteuse, ne doivent pas occulter l’intérêt éventuel des autres formes de traitement. Objectifs: Ils étaient (a) de définir les indications des traitement physiques, des intervention d’éducation, des interventions psychologiques et des autres traitements non pharmacologiques, (b) d’évaluer la prise en charge sociale et professionnelle, (c) d’établir les aspects organisationnels de la prise en charge de la PR. Méthode: Une revue systématique de la littérature a été réalisée dans différentes bases de données par le service de documentation de La Haute autorité de santé (Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Pascal, Cochrane Library, HTA database) sur la période 1985–2006. Des références complémentaires ont été obtenues des sociétés savantes concernées, des membres du groupe de travail et de la littérature grise. La grille méthodologique de l’HAS a été utilisée pour analyser et coter les études. L’argumentaire détaillé a été soumis à un groupe multidisciplinaire de 18 experts et praticiens travaillant dans différentes structures de soins françaises. Ils ont rédigé en groupe une première version des recommandations sur la base de l’évidence scientifique et de leurs opinions. Cette première version des recommandations a été soumise pour gradation et commentaires à 60 relecteurs. Après une dernière adaptation sur la base de cette gradation et de ces commentaires, la version a été soumise au comité scientifique de l’HAS pour validation définitive. Résultats: La recherche bibliographique a identifié 1819 articles. Huit cent dix-sept d’entre eux ont été analysés et 383 ont finalement été cités dans l’argumentaire. Le plus haut niveau de preuve ne dépassait pas des essais randomisés de faible puissance. Les recommandations ont été gradées en trois niveaux : Grade B (correspondant à un niveau de preuve intermédiaire) pour les activités aérobies, le renforcement musculaire dynamique et l’éducation thérapeutique ; Grade C (faible niveau de preuve) pour les orthèses, la balnéothérapie, les autoprogrammes d’exercice, la physiothérapie conventionnelle, les aides médicales et les cures thermale ; un accord professionnelle s’est dégagé, en l’absence de niveau de preuve, en faveur des semelles et de l’adaptation des chaussures, des soins de pédicurie, de la thermothérapie, de l’acupuncture, de l’évaluation et du support psychologique, de l’adaptation des conditions de travail et de l’orientation vers les travailleurs sociaux (pour optimiser la couverture sociale). Conclusions: L’analyse de la littérature met en évidence l’intérêt des activités aérobies, du renforcement musculaire dynamique et de l’éducation thérapeutique. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper presents a work on extending the adverbial entries of the WOLF, a semantic lexical resource for French, and connecting them with those of the syntactic lexicon Lefff, which were mostly extracted from the lexicon-grammar tables from (Molinier & Levrier, 2000). This work relies on the exploitation of the derivation and the synonyms relations ; the latter are extracted from the DicoSyn synonyms database. The resulting semantic resource, which is freely available, is manually evaluated and validated in an exhaustive manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basety is a French semantic database of exemplars of 21 categories of objects, with a typicality index associated with each exemplar. These 21 semantic categories are animals, trees, weapons, buildings, flowers, fruits, insects, instruments of music, games, toys, vegetables, mammals, furnitures, birds, tools, fish, occupation, containers, sports, vehicles, and clothes. Basety was made up with two groups of 18-to-30 years old French participants, a first group of three subgroups of 100 participants producing exemplars for 7 × 3 categories while a second group of 80 participants evaluating membership of these exemplars. Typicality was computed as the number of occurrences of the exemplar within the set of the five exemplars participants were first producing. Cronbach's coefficient of reliability indicates an internally consistent scale and number of exemplars is correlated with membership ratings: the more the participants of the first group produced exemplars, the more the participants of the second group agreed on the degree of membership of these exemplars. BASETY appears to be a consistant and valid database for French semantic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The French Health Products Safety Agency coordinates the national initiative of computerization of blood products traceability within regional blood banks and public and private hospitals. The Auvergne-Loire Regional French Blood Service, based in Saint-Étienne, together with a number of public hospitals set up a transfusion data network named EDITAL. After four years of progressive implementation and experimentation, a software enabling standardized data exchange has built up a regional nominative database, endorsed by the Traceability Computerization National Committee in 2004. This database now provides secured web access to a regional transfusion history enabling biologists and all hospital and family practitioners to take in charge the patient follow-up. By running independently from the softwares of its partners, EDITAL database provides reference for the regional identity server. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: To expose and clarify indications, techniques, results, complications and cost for open chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation manoeuvres (OCCRM) in traumatic or nontraumatic cardiac arrest. Data sources: References were obtained from Pubmed data bank using the following keywords: “emergency thoracotomy”, “resuscitative thoracotomy”. Study selection: We focused on publications in English language, from 2000 to 2007. Data synthesis: OCCRM are useful especially in case of traumatic cardiac arrest, penetrating trauma, but also in blunt trauma. Time between cardiac arrest and realisation of the thoracotomy seems to be the most important factor for the prognosis. Conclusion: According to the French “physician in ambulance” prehospital system, OCCRM might be promising in France, because this system favours the fastness of care and therefore would minimize the time factor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The aim of this paper is to describe the two uses of the French adverb d’une certaine manière (CM), one where it is modifies the VP, and one where it expresses modality. On the basis of the French data base Frantext, we detail, firstly, under which syntactic and semantic circumstances CM appears. In a second stage, it is shown that CM can be considered as a kind of hedge, which concerns a constituent or the whole statement, presented as a value judgment of the speaker, whose bases remain deliberately “vague”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the work sheets used for image or photographic data bases and the standards that are used. The theoretical concepts associated with images and their description, their search and retrieval, the metadata (EXIF, IPTC and XMP) as well as the standards used are also outlined. The analysis of the elements used in the formal description of photographs in 30 image data bases considered the elements that would be helpful during the search and retrieval process, the terminology used, the length of captions and the frequency of the use of internal metadata. Even though there appears to be a tendency to use some of the elements that are identical to those in the IPTC metadata fields, the article concludes that the work sheets are not standardized. The author recommends the use of internal metadata in order to help standardize the formal description of images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most ear-nose-throat (ENT) cancers are epidermoid carcinomas of the upper airways; their main risk factors are tobacco and alcohol consumption. Undifferentiated cancers of the nasopharynx are rare in Europe but endemic in other parts of the world. Apart from these two types, ENT malignant tumours are rare (less than 10% of all ENT cancers), both in terms of histology and as regards their location, which is a problem for any research on this topic. Employed treatments rely on poor evidence; most of the time, published series are retrospective, with small samples of patients and differing therapeutic methods. The aim of the planned network is to federate the working teams at a national scale so as to improve both epidemiologic knowledge and management of these diseases, and to generate research projects. This multidisciplinary network named REFCOR has been designed under the authority of several scientific societies with four important objectives: 1) the publication of national guidelines for the management of the four main groups of rare ENT cancers (malignant tumours of the salivary glands, malignant tumours of the nose and paranasal sinuses, malignant ear tumours, and malignant tumours of the upper airways excluding common epidermoid carcinomas); 2) the creation of a national database that will reference the cases and include epidemiologic, clinical, and histopathological data; 3) the implementation of regional reference centres for multidisciplinary consultation meetings resulting in an efficient national network; 4) the constitution of virtual tumour, serum, and cell banks, with standardized methods of collection and storage of the included patients’ samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the Archaic East Greek centres of manufacture not yet precisely located, there is one which was given the provisional appellation «South Ionia 3» within the Lyon data bank. The products of this uncertain centre, mainly distributed on Pontic settlements, consist of fruit-stands decorated in the Wild Goat style, as well as Ionian cups of Villard B1 shape, Ionian eye bowls and banded ware, including distinctive precursors of the Hellenistic fish-plates. The fact that the Wild Goat style of the fruit-stands and some other shapes seems clearly under strong Milesian influence with some Aeolian elements points to a marginal location, within the limits of Eastern Greece, somewhere in the Straits, presumably on some Milesian foundation as Abydos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Prescribing recommended medications is associated with improved outcomes in coronary artery disease patients. Likewise, adherence to prescribed medications, which frequently appears far from optimal, is significantly correlated with improved survival in “real world” observational databases. The present article reviews currently available data on the impact of medication adherence on outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Molecular biology progress in DNA fingerprinting has revolutionized forensic science. It''s a reliable tool to identify an individual; it provides a true “genetic identity card”. It''s based of the concept that no two individuals can have an identical DNA pattern except identical twins. This article is a clarification on current technologies used in DNA profiling, their applications and its legislation, according a special place to the national databases (FNAEG), which is in great development for the moment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article deals with the problems that music archives pose to databases in library networks as far as access to bibliographic records is concerned. Different from books and scores which are acquired directly by libraries and which are (for modern volumes) in general identical for each copy, materials which belonged to musicians each have their own history, carrying annotations for performance, dedications, names of performers, references to specific performances, dates, etc. It is extremely important to be able to benefit from these by access. Considering this, the structure of bibliographic records (certainly dated) and new theories of library science (especially FRBR—Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) are particularly interesting for music, because they try to distinguish different aspects of a work, its different versions, its successive performances, its multiple arrangements, etc, and thus manage to define more precisely the distinctive characters of different copies of publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A grade zero transfusion incident is defined as an inappropriate transfusion of blood component due to one or several failures without immediate clinical or biological consequences for the recipient. Two years after the setting up of the mandatory notification of these incidents, Afssaps haemovigilance unit performed a first descriptive national analysis of the data collected in years 2003 and 2004 at the national level. This analysis was based on one part on computarised e-Fit national database and on the other part on investigation results documents and additional surveys set up by the network professionals. From a quantitative point of view, this study reveals differences in notification as well as in the type of analysis from one region to another. Quantitatively, 45% of grade zero transfusion incidents correspond to attribution errors. The site of origin of grade zero incidents is for almost 73% linked to health establishment, clinical unit or hospital blood bank, and for almost 23% linked to blood establishment. Complete analysis has notably shown that 9% of the incidents are due to errors in blood component prescription. This descriptive analysis, which identifies recurrent failure and critical points originating from non-appropriated transfusions, should constitute the starting point of a reflection aiming at optimising and standardising methods of analysis of grade zero transfusion incidents and at elaborating suggestions to better control critical points. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective. – The Nadis electronic medical patient record allows real time constitution of a database including the clinical, therapeutic, biological, and epidemiological features of HIV-positive patients. Methods. – Data concerning HIV-infected patients followed-up in 6 French University Hospitals was collected. Data quality was assessed on a regular basis in each center. Results. – The 6 first University hospitals using Nadis agreed to group their data on March 15, 2004, concerning 6236 patients having consulted at least once in the previous year. Among these, 29% were female patients, 80% were under treatment on March 15, 2004, 9% were off treatment, 29% were co-infected by hepatitis B or C virus, 57% had an undetectable viral load, 15% of the treated patients were in a worrying immunovirological situation, 358 were diagnosed HIV-positive in 2003. 35% of these “new patients” were women, the mode of infection was sexual in 80%, 45% were under treatment on March 15, 04. This recent data allowed us to have an accurate assessment of this population''s management in 2004. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective. – Decompression MN 90 Table is used for air diving by military divers and both sports divers in France. In the aim to confirm MN 90 safety, we studied 61 decompression sicknesses observed in the French Navy for 1990–2002. Method. – Each year 1800 divers carry out 150 000 dives±10%. Divers are 1600 ship divers (dives less than 35 m-sub-water) and 200 mine clearance divers (dives up to 60 msw max). Each accident must be notified and data are recorded into a database. Results. – The total risk is estimated at 1 accident/30 000 dives. We observed no death and only 2 divers with persistent neurological deficits. We found spinal decompression sickness: 66%, cerebral 23%, inner ear 8% and joint bends 3%. Neurological accidents are purely sensitive for 65%. The evolution was favourable for 97% after early hyperbaric recompression at 400 kPa. One hundred percent respected the MN90 procedure. Water temperature, age, effort during diving, repetitive dive were not found as risk factors. A right-to-left shunt was present for only 30% of type II accident. The main result of the study is that 54% of accidents concerned only 200 mine clearance divers with a risk estimated at 1 accident/3000 dives for 45–60 msw depths. Conclusion. – MN90 decompression procedure is safe for a young population of trained military divers with a low risk of accident. The major risk factor seems to be the depth. Studies are necessary to optimize the decompression for deep air diving. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Records from REEM’s database of medication errors were studied. REEM is a voluntary medication error reporting program, specifically designed for French hospitals and health care systems and supported by AAQTE with the focus of collecting, analyzing, learning and ultimately reducing medication errors. REEM uses the NCC MERP index for categorizing medication errors. Records of medication errors submitted to REEM by participating health care institutions were analyzed for error category indexing (whether a medication error actually occurred, whether it affected the patient, and if so, the effect it had), node (the stage of the medication use process where the error occurred), type of error, causes, contributing factors and drugs involved. The article presents the results of analysis of 458 reports of medication errors. Errors that affected the patient were seen in 47,4% of the records, and 23,5% of them have contributed to or resulted in harm, and 1,1% in death. The contribution of the different causes of errors (drugs, order and human factors) and associated factors are discussed. This analysis of 458 medication errors reported by health professionnals to REEM produced detailed informations on the scope and nature of medication errors and the means to understand and learn about human factors and propose systemic management of medication error risk, to study and prevent actual medication errors and propose practical solutions that may be applicable to hospitals, and also to drive local quality improvement efforts and improve patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major challenge of modern medicine is the quality of care. This attribute is conditioned by clinical practice founded on available and reliable scientific information and on the periodical renewal of doctors' knowledge. Health professionals are obliged to maintain their knowledge base through reading or continuing education. In order to accomplish this, they must search and identify the relevant information from the available sources. The problem of the relevance of a given source arises and we were interested in determining the doctors' perception of strategic information sources in order to construct a value of use for them. In order to accomplish this we undertook a survey of 113 university hospital doctors in the Rhóne-Alps and Loire regions, many of whom expressed a need for information and training. They have given themselves certain means and perceived some information sources as being strategic, namely data bases, online medical portals,forums and news sources and personal libraries of medical seminars and reference works. They also consulted their colleagues in order to optimise the efficiency of the care protocols they develop for their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. – The aim of this work was to collect litterature datas to have an indication of botulinum toxin in multiple sclerosis disease.Method. – The international litterature relating the years 1982–2002 was carried out with the Medline data bank. The article presenting of the controlled studies were mainly retained.Results. – Thirty-seven articles were indexed, 6 were retained according to our criteria. The selected articles show mainly a use of botulinum toxin in the spasticity. The principal criteria of evaluation were the muscular tone, the spasms, the pain, the or passive amplitude of joint.Two articles report the effectiveness of toxin injection in acquired nystagmus and the paralysis of a vocal fold.Discussion. – This review shows that the principal indication of toxin in multiple sclerosis is spasticity with a good effectiveness of the treatment. However controlled-placebo studies among these patients are still very few. The side effects are rare but sometimes appearance of muscular weakness always making discuss the existence of a push. It is necessary to take account of these effects and their consequences before proposing the treatment.Conclusion. – Botulinum toxin has an indication in the treatment of spasticity of patients with multiple sclerosis. However more studies are necessary with more sits of injection to fix the good indications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The new genotyping methods efficiently complement classical epidemiological investigation in order to attempt a global approach to TB control. In the present work, we have studied the genomic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated during the year 1998 within the district of Angers, France (260,000 inhabitants distributed in 29 districts), in order to identify recent transmission events and any related risk factors. The methods used included “spacer oligonucleotide typing” or spoligotyping, “variable number of DNA tandem repeats” or VNTR, and “double repetitive element PCR” or DRE-PCR. The resulting spoligotyping and VNTR results were also feeded to international databases and compared with >10,000 isolates for spoligotyping and 500 isolates for VNTR, representative of about 60 countries. The results obtained underlined that most of the TB cases in our setting probably reflected reactivation cases, as clustered cases indicative of potential events of recent transmission were rare. Furthermore, interrogation of international databases showed that most of the isolates from the Angers region belonged to major conserved families of TB isolates representative of Europe, with only rare cases of Asian origin, or those previously reported in specific epidemies reported from elsewhere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This first article states the problem of the biomechanical data multivariate analysis of the gait. The data base is organised according to a parallelepiped PO where the three directions indicate the subject, the examination number and the trial number. Each non empty cell of PO contains the signals, as angles, moments or EGM activities, recorded during the corresponding empirical situation. Aiming at analysing globally these data, the signals are characterized through average membership values to space-time windows. These values are organised according a data table where the rows correspond to the triplet (cell of PO, time window, limb), and the columns to the space windows of the time variables. The table is investigated through the multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) which yields the more discriminant variables, their relationships and the intra and interindividual differences. The MCA potentialities vs. those of the principal component analysis (PCA) are shown using a didactic example based on simulated data. A second article will illustrate our approach on gait data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study proposes a closer look at the neuropsychological method defined as the study of the neural bases of the behavioural and cognitive functions using an organisation–representation model for current data and knowledge of the brain, and the application of an anatomofunctional database. A Centre of Cognitive Anatomy (CAC) was set up for the collection and processing of neuronatomical, neuropsychological, and psycho-behavioural data for patients presenting sequels of focal brain damage. Such a system would allow concurrent treatment of anatomical and functional data. We would expect the results from such a model to produce stable ‘anatomofunctional laws’ that would be independent of all inter-individual variations in the functioning of the brain and could be checked against the entire database of information. A direct application would be the improvement of cognitive and/or behavioural rehabilitation of patients with brain damage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectifs: Le Centre national de référence national des cytopénies autoimmunes de l’enfant (CEREVANCE) a initié en Aquitaine cette étude épidémiologique pilote visant à déterminer l’incidence d’une maladie rare. Patients et Méthodes: Pour identifier les enfants de moins de 18 ans atteints d’anémie hémolytique auto-immune (AHAI), pris en charge au CHU de Bordeaux entre 2000 et 2008, 3 bases de données ont été croisées : la cohorte nationale du CEREVANCE, le Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d’Informations (PMSI) du CHU de Bordeaux, et l’Établissement Français du Sang Aquitaine-Limousin (EFS). Tous les dossiers médicaux ont été revus. Résultats: Parmi les 297 patients sélectionnés, 38 avaient une AHAI. Les patients exclus avaient une allo-immunisation néonatale, un syndrome hémolytique et urémique ou une hémolyse constitutionnelle. Via le PMSI et l’EFS, 23 cas non connus en hématologie ont été identifiés, pris en charge aux urgences, en pneumologie, endocrinologie, réanimation ou néonatologie. Conclusion: Cette étude montre la complémentarité de ces trois sources pour identifier des patients atteints d’une maladie rare. L’extension de cette méthodologie aux autres établissements hospitaliers de la région Aquitaine est en cours, afin d’établir une incidence au niveau régional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectif: analyser l’évolution auxologique et endocrinienne a long terme des enfants atteints de syndrome d’interruption de la tige pituitaire STIP. Patients et Méthodes: étude rétrospective sur 11 ans 1986 - 2007 de 23 enfants suivis dans un service de pédiatrie urgences et consultations externe de l’hôpital d’enfants de Tunis pour retard ce croissance par déficit en GH avec STIP à l’IRM et traités par hormone de croissance Résultats: la population d’étude comporte 14garçons et 9 filles, une souffrance périnatale a été retrouvé dans 4 cas un RCIU dans 3 cas. Une forme familiale dans 9 cas. À la 1re consultation un retard de croissance < - 4 DS est noté dans 65 % cas, une anomalie des organes génitaux a type de micropenis et/ou cryptorchidie chez 6/8, le déficit en GH n’est isolé que dans6 cas, il est associé à un déficit thyréotrope et/ou un déficit corticotrope et/ou un déficit gonadotrope dans 17 cas, le gain de taille moyen après 1 ans de traitement par hGh est de 9 cm mais la taille lors du dernier contrôle est < à – 4 DS chez 10 enfants. Conclusion: le SITP est de fréquence non négligeable, sa présence est un marqueur de la sévérité et de la multiplicité de l’atteinte endocrinienne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The DNA Database Search Controversy Revisited: Bridging the Bayesian--Frequentist Gap Deux quantités différentes ont été proposées pour mesurer l'évidence dans les cas où un suspect est identifiéà partir d'une base de données de profils ADN. Le rapport de vraisemblance, habituellement développé dans le cadre bayésien, est préféré par de nombreux experts du domaine. La règle dite np a été suggérée sur des arguments fréquentistes par l'American National Research council (NRC) et Stockmarr (1999)... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: La veine porte préduodénéle (VPPD) est une ectopie de la veine porte qui au lieu de se situé en arrière de la grande cavité des épiploons, elle prend une situation en avant du pancréas et du duodénum.La présente étude a pour objectif d’offrir l’information sur les malformations associées à la VPPD et sur son éthiopathogénie. Objectifs: par la synthèse des données issues des différents articles, nous avons essayé: 1 - D’analyser les fréquences des associations malformatives à la VPPD 2 - De formuler les hypothèses sur l’étiopathogénie de la VPPD 3 - D’étudier les implications pratiques de la VPPD Méthodes: C’est par la recherche dans les bases de données et l’extraction des références des articles publiés. Tous les articles ayant décrit individuellement les cas de la VPPD chez les enfants dont l’âge est moins de 2 ans ont été retenus. Nous avons analysé les fréquences des associations malformatives à la VPPD. Résutats: Analyse documentaires a permis de cerner 77 articles et de retenir 31 articles dont 28 sont des cas et 3 sont des études rétrospectives. Un totale de 66cas a été étudié, 34 n.nés et 32 nourrissons. Conclusion: L’analyse statistique a permis de distinguer au sein des malformations associées à la VPPD plusieurs groupes. Cette association serait en faveur de son hétérogénéité étiopathogénique [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]