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The paper reviews literature on adolescent reproductive health in Africa. It airs to highlight the structural factors which shape their sexual behaviour. The literature was collectçd using IESTOR and Medline databases. We first entered the words "reproductive health" to get an overall idea of existing literature. The field was then narrowed by entering: "reproductive health, youth", "reproductive F~ealth, youth, Africa", "youth, sexuality, Africa". We looked into the references provided in the articles. The paper is structured in three parts. The first presents the major problems associated with young people's sexual behaviour. The second deals with solutions used to tackle these problems. The third concerns the structural factors which shape young people's sexual behaviour. It focuses especially on economic factors, gender inequalities and sexual violence. We conclude that: studies undertaken on reproductive health of a~olescents especially highlight the vulnerability of girls; adolescents' sexual behaviour cannot be separated from their social, cultural, political and economic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Professionals working in a service for young people with gender identity disorder (GID) often experience a particular type of pressure in the course of the work, which makes thinking and decision-making very difficult. The paper suggests that an examination of the position of the professional and of its service within the system may bring some relief and be a starting point to direct thinking and possibly action. The perceived position of the professional and of the Gender Identity Development Service within the wider organisation of a psychotherapy and mental health trust is discussed. The paper makes reference to the model developed by Lagenhove and Harré as described by Campbell and Groenbaek in their book Taking positions in the organisation. The position taken by the professional or the service is also explored as a possible re-enactment of the psychological dynamics of the young people with GID and their families. This view is based on Britton''s paper on the mirroring and re-enactment of individual and family dynamics in the professional network. A view is put forward that this dynamic leads the professional or the service to the risky position of “working at the edge”. The paper discusses processes that could facilitate the move from a position of being psychologically at an edge to the more secure position of being in the mainland. These involve exploration of the model of care and the relationship of the professional to the wider organisation in which the service is located and to self help organisations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper discusses the contribution of ethnopsychiatry, as a pluridisciplinary approach, to the study of delinquent phenomena. After briefly explaining the principle of complementarism as formalized by Georges Devereux, we propose a critical reading of a text first published in 1964: "Female juvenile sex delinquency in a puritanical society". In accordance with his epistemology, Devereux successively develops two points of view, sociological and psychoanalytic, that should be distinctive and incommensurable. Yet against his method, he tries to link together the both points of view and then sets undecidable propositions. At least, no connection exists beetween social and psychological theory of the symptom of "delinquency" when this question is formulated in terms of complementarism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Recent studies by Escapad-OFDT show (in France) that the daily consumption and the regular consumption of cannabis have been decreasing in adolescents since 2001. To a large proportion of them, smoking represents a means of integration, which is favoured by the trivialization of these two products. This paper proposes to review the different ways the cannabis is used with a view to identifying pieces of evidence of seriousness in the consumption. It will try to consider the clinical situations a non-addictologist somatologist can (and must) be aware of and through which he may ask questions to the young person concerning his consumption. Once the usage is identified, we will intend to help the practitioner best direct his patient or take into account a potential addiction to the product. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper proposes to compare two researches conducted on the marginality of male and female adolescents in Quebec and Algeria. The Canadian sample consists of 506 adolescent boys and 150 adolescent girls and the Algerian sample includes 79 adolescent boys and 45 adolescent girls. Overall, the results show that girls commit fewer offences than boys and theirs start later. However, for the Algerian girls, serious theft, consumption of psychotropic drugs, sexual promiscuity and prostitution are factors of a serious delinquency. Explanations relating to the context of Algerian culture and society or the nature of the sample are provided. The limitations of this research are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In spite of its conceptual differences with the International Classification of Disease 10 (ICD-10), the 2010 revision of the French Classification for Children and Adolescents Mental Disorders (FCCAMD) tries to propose a correspondence table as complete as possible, between the categories of both classifications, reaching their complete transcoding. The aim is to allow the continuation of CFTMEA use while responding to national and international constraints. After describing the national and international current constraints, the solutions found and the obstacles faced by the transcoding, this paper is led to observe that what opposes to the full correspondence between these two classifications is also what makes the interest of their coexistence: ICD-10 offers a categorical approach to psychiatric diagnostic, while FCCAMD brings dimensional psychopathological complementary informations essential in child and adolescent psychiatry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper was initially presented during the scientific workshop of the French society for child and adolescent psychiatry and allied professions (SFPEADA), devoted to psychomotricity and its current bonds with child and adolescent psychiatry (Paris, September 29, 2005). The authors are a child and adolescent psychiatrist, using daily psychoanalytical psychotherapies in a universitary public hospital and two psychomotricians, who work in a child and adolescent public department, in a private activity and in a specialized institute (therapeutic, educational and teaching institute or ITEP). They present here the results of their clinical practices, exchanges and thoughts about a complex and discussed subject, which touches in more than one way with the bases of our clinical and therapeutic practices with children and adolescents: how do we choose the differential indications between psychotherapies and psychomotor therapies? [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The aim of this review is to provide a scientific update on evidence related to the biological and psycho-social health benefits of physical activity in school-aged children and youth. To accomplish this aim, the first part of the paper reviews existing physical activity guidelines for school-aged children and youth, with an emphasis placed on how Canada’s guidelines compare and contrast with those of other countries and organizations. The paper then provides an overview of physical activity levels of Canadian children and youth, which indicates that few Canadian youngsters meet current physical activity recommendations. The next section of the paper summarizes the literature that informs how much physical activity is required to promote health and well-being in children and youth. The paper then provides suggestions on modifications that could be made to Canada’s physical activity guidelines for children and youth. Specifically, consideration should be given to setting both minimal (>=60 min/d) and optimal (up to several hours per day) physical activity targets. The final section identifies future research needs. In this section, a need is noted for comprehensive dose-response studies of physical activity and health in the paediatric age group [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]