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This article analyses how the present system for the integration of asylum seekers in Canada, as seen in policies and in actual practice, either facilitates or impedes the integration of asylum seekers right from the moment of their arrival in Quebec. The authors examine how advocates from community organizations perceive the obstacles inherent to the temporary status of asylum seekers. The article further analyses the political dynamics that are entangled in social activities where asylum seekers and members of the host community interact. The study is based on data and results from a literature review and interviews conducted with advocacy groups and representatives of the various levels of government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before the sixties, the French government did not show any interest in promoting sports in the French West Indies. In fact, sports were firstly promoted by a small native group. Who are they? Which qualities do they look for and find in sports? Which benefits—whether social or symbolic—do they draw from them? This paper presents the relation between the belief in the virtues of sport and the search for identity. Thus, our goal is to examine the importance of the "sporting spirit" in the assimilation process, in relation to the metropolis. The desire to be recognized, the wish to prove an equality, the need to belong to a community—even if it is far away, from a geographic and cultural point of view—are at the heart of a quest, evident in first part of the XX century in Guadeloupe and Martinique. This work is mainly based on the analysis of sports magazines and newspapers articles, as well as biographic approach, in order to outline the sportsman's profile. The ambition in drawing some common characteristics of sport development in the French West Indies, is also to allow a comparative study with other Caribbean countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A variational data assimilation method is applied to a simplified marine ecosystem model of NPZ (Nutrient Phytoplankton Zooplankton) type, which implies five parameters. The method allows us to optimise these parameters by an iterative process of minimisation of a cost function which quantifies the quadratic discrepancy between observations and simulation results. The first part of this note describes how to obtain the adjoint model of the NPZ model allowing us to compute the gradient of the cost function relative to the parameters. Two experiments of artificial data assimilation then show the efficiency of this method, but also its limitations because of non-linearities and sensitivity problems of the model relative to the parameters. To cite this article: Y. Leredde et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article presents a reprint of the article "Engagement républicain contre les discriminations" by Jean-François Amadieu, Patrick Weil, Dominique Sopo, Samuel Thomas, and Mouloud Aounit that appeared in the February 23, 2007 issue of "Libération." The authors discuss the progress of the fight against discrimination in France.