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Before 1919, the involvement of the military personnel in the Romanian cultural-scientific associations in Hungary, and in particular in the astra (the flagship cultural association), was limited to a small number of members, generally retired officers or officers' spouses, and to a rather narrow range of activities. The First World War brought no changes, but beginning with 1919 their number increased steeply, reaching several hundred a year later, not only officers and their spouses, but also nCos--a professional category completely uninvolved with cultural associations before the First World War. The range of their cultural and social activities also widened significantly. Our paper follows the relations between the astra and the officer corps before, during, and immediately after the war, aiming to explain the abovementioned change of attitude, whose origins seem to be linked, at first sight, with the enthusiasm generated by the Romanian political and military success of the years 1918-1919, but which we assume had deeper social roots. The findings highlight the fact that the key element in understanding the sudden interest shown by the officers in cultural associative life had to do with the development of a strong institutionalized relation between the astra and the army, which started as early as December 1918 and was mediated both by the senior officers of the units garrisoned throughout Transylvania, and by enthusiastic junior officers who persuaded their comrades to join the association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic for this paper is the presentation of some "rules" of travel narratives in the 19th century. The groups of sources that have been analysed were constituted by the travel narratives about Hungary published in the 1830's and 1840's. The first part presents the attempts made by 18th century French authors from Diderot to De Gérando to establish the standard rules of making journeys, and the main features of the transition of the readership at the turn of the 18th and the 19th centuries. The establishment of the "travelling methods" took place in parallel with the transition of the readership of the travel narratives. While the travel narratives kept their role as a means of relaxation, they also conquered a new kind of readership making a new type of reading possible. The second part recognize, by the analyse of the four most important works (by Marmont, Thouvenel, Démidoff and Marmier), the influence of the "travelling methods" in the romantic period, and travel narratives like a documentation of the journey and a source for studying the Hungarian history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross-border cooperation in the BIHOR-HAJDU-BIHAR euro region, around the Hungary and Romania's frontier needs to be reinforced for the new 2007-2013 EU Program. This target can be achieved with the support from the specialists in the cross border cooperation development projects. Unfortunately, those specialists are not available yet. How to solve this problem? So this paper focuses to underline the importance to cover this gap by using the educational institutions already based in that euro region, for example, the Institute for Euro Regional Studies and by getting expertise from the other Euro region in the Western side of Europe as the MOT , Mission Opérationnelle Transfrontalière, in France. In this way, it will be possible to involve more people in the euro region initiatives in the coming years and to cover several fields of the cross -border cooperation issues: environment, infrastructure, SME, SMI, Tourism, etc…issues [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Microlithic industries of lower Palaeolithic central Europe have been speculated to be a result of raw material availability and therefore natural constraints. However, on some sites such as Bilzingsleben and Vertesszőllős, raw material constraints do not apply. Clearly here has been a positive selection for small-scale tools that must have different explanations. The seemingly stable pattern of forms unrelated to raw material properties, leads to the inference that early hominin societies possessed and transmitted over generations, a defined set of behavioural norms. The paper argues that patterns of choice can be isolated within lower Palaeolithic stone tool assemblages that are distinct from patterns of ecological restraint. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]