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Background: Pigeon pea is an economical source of protein cultivated in arid and semi arid tropical areas of the world. Genetic improvement mainly depends upon the amount of genetic variability available in the population. It is necessary for a breeder to understand the extent of genotypic and phenotypic variation among the germplasm to design an effective breeding programme. Methods: Eighty pigeon pea genotypes were evaluated for their variability with regard to yield and yield contributing traits. The experiment was carried out at Regional Research Station, Paiyur during 2021-2022 following randomized block design with two replications. Result: The traits viz., plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and single plant yield can be improved following simple selection method as they exhibited high variability in combination with high heritability and genetic advance. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed three significant principal components (PCs), which accounted for 81.24% of phenotypic variation among the studied genotypes. The traits days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and hundred seed weight had significantly positive association and positive direct effect with yield. Hence, these traits can be used as good selection criteria for yield improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was carried out to investigate the relationship between specific quantitative characters and sugarcane yield at the Sugarcane Research Institute, Pusa, Bihar, in February 2022. Thirty sugarcane seedlings obtained from three different crosses along with check were subjected to estimation trait association by correlation and path analyses. Cane yield showed strong positive and highly significant correlation with single cane weight, number of millable canes per clump and brix percent at 12th month. There was also positive significant correlation of number of shoots per clump with cane yield. Path analysis revealed the highest positive direct effect of brix percent at 12th month on cane yield followed by brix percent at 10th month and cane diameter. However, number of shoots per clump had considerable negative direct effects and indirect positive effects through single cane weight and number of millable canes per clump on cane yield. The traits that provide considerable positive correlation and positive direct effects to cane yield could be used as selection indices for yield improvement in for further clonal generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rice is the staple food for billions of people globally and contains numerous essential nutrients. Among the nutrients, zinc and iron are vital for several growth metabolisms in plants and humans. Therefore, deficiency of these nutrients causes hidden hunger. However, understandingthe genetic variability of rice germplasm is required for improvement of grain yield, yield contributing and nutritional traits. The present study aimed to examine the variability, heritability, character association and path analysis in zinc and iron-rich rice landraces. Methods: The present investigation was carried out with 37 genotypes of rice in a randomized block design with two replications during Kharif-2021 at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Maruteru. Result: The studies on variability, heritability and genetic advance as percent mean results revealed moderate GCV and PCV coupled with high heritability and genetic advance as percent mean recorded for days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, zinc content, iron content and grain yield plant-1 indicating scope for simultaneous improvement of these traits along with grain yield plant-1. Character associations and path analysis revealed positive and significant association coupled with a high positive direct effect for grains panicle-1, zinc content and productive tillers plant-1, indicating the effectiveness of direct phenotypic selection for these traits in the improvement of grain yield plant-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study involved assessment of genetic variability and trait association of seed yield and its component traits in 20 EMS-derived stable mutant lines of black aromatic rice. The traits grain yield / plant, harvest index, effective tillers and biological yield/ plant recorded maximum GCV and PCV. Heritability estimates ranged from 67 percent for total number of tillers/ plant to 99 percent for days to 50 percent flowering. The trait grain yield per plant revealed high heritability (>80%) coupled with high advance in genetics (>50%). The traits fertile spikelets per panicle, effective tillers/ plant, biological yield, panicle length, and plant height were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield. The path analysis revealed maximum positive direct effects of fertile spikelets per panicle, harvest index, biological yield, grain length and effective tillers on grain yield indicating the selection of these traits for efficient crop improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating genetic diversity simplifies the identification of superior genotypes, facilitating the development of high-yielding, resilient to climatic conditions and promoting effective crop improvement. The present study aimed to examine the divergence, correlation and path analysis across 55 okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) germplasms for 17 traits during the summer season (March-July) of 2022. The experiment utilized randomized complete block design with three replications conducted in Phagwara, Punjab. Analysis of variance suggested a sufficient amount of genetic variation was found among all genotypes. Using Mahalanobis D2 analysis, the samples were classified into seven clusters, the largest being cluster I, composing 34 germplasm. Only one germplasm was found in Clusters II, IV, V, VI, and VII. The inter-cluster distance was highest between clusters II and VII, whereas the intra-cluster distance was greatest in Cluster III. The number of fruits per plant had the highest percent contribution to the divergence, accounting for 49.63%. At both phenotypic and genotypic levels, there was a strong positive correlation (+) observed between fruit yield and various characteristics, including plant height, fruit length, number of fruits per plant, number of marketable fruits per plant, average fruit weight, and the number of pickings. Genotypic path analysis revealed that characteristics such as the first flowering node, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, plant height, inter-nodal length, number of nodes per plant, number of fruits per plant, marketable fruits per plant, and average fruit weight exhibited a positive and direct effect on fruit yield. When selecting this trait to improve yield in okra through breeding, it is essential to focus on specific characteristics that directly contribute to higher production. This research will help resilient okra varieties understand yieldinfluencing factors in Punjab environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lentil is one of the most significant pulse crops, frequently referred to as "poor man's meat" because of its high protein content and inexpensive price. The present study was assessed for eleven morphological and yield variables to determine genetic variability, correlation and path co-efficients. Methods: The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design using 56 different homogeneous progenies of a spontaneous mutant of lentil variety DPL 62 and four control varieties in triple replica during rabi 2017-18. Result: Significant amount of variability was observed for all the traits. High phenotypic coefficients of variance and genotypic coefficients of variance coupled with high heritability and genetic advance were observed for peduncle length, number of pods per plant, seed width, seed yield per plant suggesting that these traits are genetically controlled by additive gene action. Seed yield per plant exhibited significant positive association with number of branches/plant and number of pods/plant while number of pods/plant revealed highest positive direct effect on seed yield per plant followed by 100-seed weight, number of branches per plant, days to maturity and leaflet breadth. Therefore, selection for these characters will directly lead to improvement in the yielding ability of lentil genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of machine-harvestable traits in chickpeas lies in their capacity to enhance and streamline the harvesting process. By employing machine harvesters, farmers can enjoy numerous advantages over manual harvesting, as it becomes a more efficient and economically viable option. With the aim of achieving this objective, a total of 36 desi chickpea genotypes were selected for a comprehensive study on genetic variability, correlation, and path coefficient analysis. The analysis of variance conducted on 12 distinct characters revealed significant variation, indicating the presence of diversity among these traits. Several traits exhibited significant variability with high PCV and GCV. The height of the first pod, plant height, and hundred seed weight displayed substantial heritability and genetic advance. Remarkably, hundred seed weight was the sole trait with high values of PCV, GCV, heritability, and genetic advance mean (GAM). Taller plants with higher first pod height (HOFP and PH) are associated with increased performance in traits like Plot Yield (PLYG), Harvest Index (HI), Hundred Seed Weight (HSW), Biological Yield (BY), and Number of Secondary Branches (NSB). Genotypic path analysis revealed that both the hundred seed weight and number of secondary branches demonstrated positive direct effects on the height of the first pod. Principal component analysis divided the traits into 12 PCs, where the first four PCs showed eigen values greater than 1 and are responsible for a cumulative variation of 82.9%. Notably, 17 genotypes exhibited a height of the first pod exceeding 30 cm, indicating their suitability for machine harvesting. The genotypes GL 15003, IPCB 2015-132, RVSSG-96, and IPC 2017-253 showed promise for developing machine-harvestable cultivars, based on their height of the first pod and yield attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunflower production can be increased by exploring genetic variability present in the population. The nature of relationship between yield and its associated traits should be clearly understood to achieve parallel improvement of yield by indirect selection of beneficial traits. In the present study, 50 sunflower accessions along with five checks were evaluated for nine biometrical traits viz. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, head diameter, hundred seed weight, volume weight, hull content, oil content and single plant yield to assess the variability and character association. The analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant variation among the genotypes for all the traits under consideration. Phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation values were high for hundred seed weight and single plant yield. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for the traits viz. days to 50% flowering, plant height, head diameter, volume weight, oil content, hundred seed weight and single plant yield. Correlation studies revealed the presence of a positive and significant correlation between single plant yield and the traits head diameter and hundred seed weight. Similarly, oil content exhibited a positive and significant correlation with head diameter and volume weight. Path analysis also indicated the presence of high and moderate positive direct effect of head diameter and hundred seed weight on single plant yield. Based on the above, head diameter and hundred seed weight could be used as selection indices for yield improvement in sunflower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variability and association studies for oil yield and its component traits were investigated in BC3F1 population of a cross between IR6 (recurrent parent with low oleic acid content) and HO5-29 (donor parent with high oleic acid content). Among 12 traits studied, volume weight (g/100 ml), head diameter (cm), oil yield per plant (%), seed yield per plant (g), oleic acid (%), linoleic acid (%), palmitic acid (%), and stearic acid (%) displayed high phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation along with moderate or high heritability and genetic advance as a percent of mean. This suggests that these traits are mainly under the control of additive gene action. Hence, selection based on these characters could significantly improve these traits in this population. The traits such as days to flowering, 100- seed weight (g), and stearic acid (%) have shown a platykurtic distribution which represents that these characters are amenable for selection towards further improvement. Correlation analysis showed that positive correlation between oil yield per plant and all traits, except with days to flowering. Path analysis on seed yield indicated that head diameter alone had a high positive direct effect and other traits had low direct effects. Hence, selection for head diameter can improve the seed yield in sunflower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was focused on evaluating the F3 population of VBN 11 x LBG 17 based on 10 yield components and the per cent disease index (PDI) for powdery mildew. Variability, correlation, and path analyses were performed to examine the data. The F3 population exhibited a wide range of variation for both yield components and PDI. Notably, the number of branches per plant, PDI, and seed yield per plant (g) showed high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation. Furthermore, PDI alone displayed high heritability along with a high genetic advance as a percentage of mean. Moderate heritability and high genetic advance as a percentage of mean were observed for plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, total number of pods per plant, and seed yield per plant (g). These findings suggest that these traits are influenced by additive gene action and are suitable for effective selection. Correlation analysis revealed that all traits, except PDI and 100-seed weight, were significantly associated with seed yield per plant (g). Path analysis indicated that the total number of pods per plant had a substantial direct effect. Consequently, the total number of pods per plant can serve as a selection index for yield improvement programs. Notably, PDI exhibited no association with seed yield per plant (g), suggesting that resistant genotypes can be developed without any adverse correlation among yield components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted at Arsi-robe, Southeast Ethiopia during August–December, 2020 to understand the extent of genetic variability and association for yield and yield related traits among Kabuli chickpea genotypes. Forty-nine Kabuli chickpea genotypes were evaluated for 11 traits at Arsi-robe using 7×7 simple lattice designs. The analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes. The phenotypic variances of the traits were higher than the genotypic variances, implying the influence of environment on the expression of the traits. Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ranged from 1.28 for days to maturity to 41.74% for grain yield and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) ranged from 1.47 to 44.06% for days to maturity and grain yield, respectively. High heritability was recorded from grain yield. High broad-sense heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for grain yield, number of secondary branches and hundred seed weight. Grain yield showed highly significant and positive genotypic correlations with grain filling period, number of seed plant-1 and plant height. Genotypic path coefficient analysis showed that days to maturity, number of pods plant-1, number of seed plant-1, plant height and hundred seed weight had positive direct effects on grain yield. Number of pods plant-1 exhibited a maximum positive direct effect on grain yield. The observed variations indicate the possibility for further improvement of grain yield and associated traits by utilizing selected parental genotypes and targeted crossing schemes in breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic variability parameters were estimated in 150 diverse rice genotypes comprising landraces, improved varieties and Harvestplus lines at two environments viz., sodic and normal irrigated environments using Augmented Complete Block Design. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the test genotypes for all the traits. The analysis of mean performance of genotypes identified three genotypes outperformed all the check genotypes under sodicity conditions. The estimates of PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean inferred that most of the traits were governed by additive gene action and have good response to selection in both the environments. It was found that PCV and GCV had increased considerably for most of the traits under sodicity compared to normal irrigated environment. Correlation and path analysis revealed that the traits, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, panicle weight and hundred grain weight possessed high correlation and high direct effect on single plant yield indicating the importance of yield improvement through these traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out to study the genotypic ad phenotypic coefficient of variation and character association in 25 molakolukulu rice genotypes. It revealed significant differences among the genotypes with respect to yield and quality. High PCV and GCV were recorded for gel consistency followed by alkali spreading value, zinc content and oil content, the estimates of heritability coupled with genetic advance as per cent of mean were high for the characters viz., plant height, flag leaf length, filled grains per panicle, gel consistency, iron content and oil content. Correlation studies revealed that filled grains per panicle and flag leaf breadth were found to possess significant positive association with grain yield per plant. Among the quality traits, alkali spreading value exhibited positive significant association with amylose content. Path analysis revealed that number of filled grains per panicle exhibited positive direct effect on grain yield per plant. Among the quality traits, alkali spreading value had positive direct effect on amylose content. Therefore, selection in favour of filled grains per panicle and flag leaf breadth would improve grain yield per plant. Alkali digestion values, on the other hand would be useful as a selection criterion for amylase content in molagolukulu rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barnyard millet is an important short duration nutricereal. A study was conducted to measure the pooled variation and association among yield and its component traits in 27 barnyard millet genotypes raised in six locations. The experiment was raised in RBD with three replications. The pooled ANOVA revealed significant difference between genotypes. High PCV and GCV were recorded for number of productive tillers, flag leaf length, flag leaf breadth, single ear head weight, fodder yield per plant, grain yield per plant. Except for days to maturity, all attributes were governed by additive gene effects, which was evident for high heritability and genetic advance values. Correlation studies exhibited significant positive relationship of grain yield with panicle length, single ear head weight, thousand grain weight and fodder yield per plant. Results of path coefficient analysis indicated that single ear head weight and days to first flowering had direct effect towards grain yield. Thus, by using single ear head weight and days to first flowering as selection indices, grain yield of barnyard millet could be augmented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Back ground: Pulses are an important source of protein in the human diet and black gram is a popular pulse crop in India. The black gram breeding program faces various drawbacks due to narrow genetic diversity accompanied by biotic and abiotic diseases which seriously affect the yield potential of the crop. Hence it is important to understand the gene action and to frame the efficient breeding program in black gram for yield improvement. Methods: The present experiment was conducted during 2018-2019. Sixty-nine F2 plants of the cross ADT3 ? KKB14-052 were raised and nine biometrical traits were recorded. Genetic variability and association analysis were carried out. Result: High PCV and GCV were obtained for the traits viz., number of primary branches/plant, number of clusters/plant, number of pods/plant and single plant yield. High heritability and high GAM were obtained for the traits viz., plant height, number of primary branches/plant, number of clusters/plant, number of pods/plant, hundred seed weight, pod length and single plant yield. All the characters under the study were significantly positive correlation with yield except days to 50% flowering. Number of pods/plant showed a high positive, direct effect on single plant yield. Hence, these characters would be mainly focused in black gram breeding programs for yield improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lentil is the major cultivated pulse crop in the state of West Bengal in terms of total area coverage under cultivation. Selection of high yielding and better quality genotype is the prime vital matter to increase productivity. Investigation and a better understanding of the variability existing in a population base of the crop are pivotal to crop improvement so that the plant breeders can exploit it. Methods: The current study has been carried out at the experimental farm of the University of Calcutta during 2016-2017 in a plot designed with the randomized block design. It was carried out to estimate the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of fifty-four lentil germplasms. Result: Moderate to high heritability, GCV, PCV, GA and GA % of mean was obtained by days to1st flowering, days to 50% flowering, pods per plant and harvest index. The genotypic and phenotypic association of seed yield was significantly positive with traits like plant height, pods/plant, 100 seed weight and harvest index. Characters like days to 50% flowering, plant height, primary branches per plant, pods/plant, pod length, 100 seed weight and harvest index shows a positive direct effect on seed yield in path analysis suggesting select for such traits while exercising selection for seed yield per plant in lentil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifty two genotypes of Indian bean were examined for the genetic variability parameters and trait correlation for 11 yield contributing traits in F5 progenies. Analysis revealed that these genotypes had a considerable level of diversity. The magnitude of GCV and PCV was high for seed yield per plant, which indicated the potential for selection based genetic enhancement. The GCV and PCV values were moderate for pod weight, pods width and pod length. High heritability along with high genetic advance as per cent mean was recorded for pod width, pod length, pod weight and seed yield per plant. The seed yield per plant had a significant positive correlation with pod weight, plant height, pod length, pod width and seeds per pod. The overall genotypic path analysis revealed that racemes per plant exhibited the highest positive direct effects on seed yield per plant followed by direct effects of pod length, pods per raceme, pod width and pod weight. Therefore, simple selection is advised for pod length, pod width and pod weight to boost the yield of the Indian bean. Based on mean values, the progenies W-19-26, W-19-22 and W-19-25 of GNIB-21 × GP-167 among all crosses had shown significantly higher seed yield over the check varieties GNIB-21 and GNIB-22 and hence identified as elite genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Twenty-four released varieties of Indian Mustard were evaluated during rabi 2015-16 and 2016-17 under irrigated environment to study character association for seed yield and its component traits. Methods: Analysis of variance on thirteen quantitative characters was carried out and pooled over the years. Path analysis was carried out using correlation coefficients to know the yield contributing traits. Result: Significant differences were noticed for all the traits among the genotypes. The genotypic and phenotypic variation is higher for seed yield/plant, 1000 seed weight, secondary branches/plant and total siliquae/plant. Heritability estimate were very high for 1000 seed weight, siliqua length, plant height, seeds/siliqua, total siliquae/plant and days to maturity. Genetic advance as percent of mean were high for seed yield/plant, 1000 seed weight, secondary branches/plant and total siliquae/plant. The correlation of seed yield/plant shows significant positive association with days to maturity, primary branches/plant, secondary branches/plant, total siliquae/plant, siliqua length, seeds/siliqua, 1000 seed weight and length of main shoot. From correlation coefficients and path analysis it appeared that length of main shoot, 1000 seed weight, number of secondary branches/plant and days to maturity were most important yield components having highly positive direct and indirect effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two crosses in F3 generation were studied for their variability, correlation and path analysis. The cross VRI 8 × K6 had better mean performance in all traits with very good pod and kernel yield per plant with mean of 36.59 g and 22.56 g, respectively compared to that of BSR 2 × K 6 with mean pod and kernel yield per plant of 24.95 g and 15.59 g, respectively. The cross also had high heritability of pod yield (79.45 %) and kernel yield (82.83 %) with low and moderate GAM for pod (8.87 %) and kernel yield (10.19 %), respectively. Though the crosses were in early generations, the PCV and GCV values were low to moderate for both crosses expect for the kernel yield (27.70 % & 26.71 %) in BSR 2 × K 6 and pod yield in both the crosses (23.67 % & 21.24 % in BSR 2 × K 6 and 23.73 % & 21.16 % in VRI 8 × K 6, respectively) with higher PCV, GCV values. In correlation analysis, there was a highly significant positive correlation between kernel yield and number of matured pods, number of pods, 100 pod weight, 100 kernel weight, pod yield and shelling percentage in both the crosses. Highly significant correlation was observed between shelling percentage and days to flowering in VRI 8 × K 6. Similarly, in BSR 2 × K 6, shelling percentage and 100 kernel weight were highly significantly correlated. Path analysis revealed that, there was a high positive direct effect on kernel yield by 100 kernel weight and pod yield in both the crosses. Shelling percentage in VRI 8 × K 6 had a negligible positive direct effect on the yield. Thus, on the basis of correlation and path analysis, 100 kernel weight, number of matured pods, shelling percentage, pod yield per plant were proved to be the outstanding characters influencing kernel yield in groundnut and need to be given importance in selection to achieve higher kernel yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was undertaken to evaluate the variability and performance of thirty horsegram genotypes collected from various regions of Kerala and outside for yield and yield attributing characters. Analysis of variance was carried out based on the recorded observations, and it showed significant differences among the 30 genotypes for all the fifteen characters studied. Most of the traits exhibited narrow differences between PCV and GCV except for seeds per pod, the number of primary branches per plant and yield per plant. Yield per plant was found to be significant and positively correlated to primary and the number of secondary branches per plant, nodes per plant, pod number per plant, seeds per pod and 100 seed weight both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Path analysis revealed that pod number per plant, seeds per pod, nodes per plant, 100 seed weight and days to maturity were the major yield contributing characters owing to their favorable direct effect on yield per plant. Genetic diversity studies using Mahalanobis' D² statistics assembled the 30 genotypes into eight clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research work was conducted to study the variability parameters, correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and quality traits in rice. Analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant differences among the genotypes for all traits under investigation. Traits viz., filled grain number per panicle and weight of 1000 grains showed high PCV and GCV. Total grain number per panicle, filled grain number per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield per plant, weight of panicle, head rice recovery, length of kernel after cooking, linear elongation ratio, length of kernel and kernel length/breadth ratio exhibited high heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of mean. Days to 50% flowering and weight of 1000 grains had associated significantly positive with grain yield. Filled grain number per panicle, days to 50% flowering, total number of productive tillers per plant, length of kernel after cooking, height of the plant and length of panicle exhibited a high positive direct effect on grain yield per plant per plant. Therefore, these traits should be exploited in the selection process to identify superior rice lines with higher yield and quality genetic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to figure out genetic variability, correlation and path co-coefficients for seven traits in 42 F3 families of the cross Azucena/CB 87R*1 aimed for developing new restorer lines with indica tropical japonica background for their utilization in a hybrid program. The population exhibited high PCV and GCV for the traits viz., the number of productive tillers per plant, panicle weight and single plant yield. For the same traits, high heritability combined with high GAM was also deduced. The traits panicle weight, the number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, flag leaf length and flag leaf width showed positive and significant associations with single plant yield. Though the traits panicle weight and the number of productive tillers were negatively correlated, they both exerted a high direct effect on single plant yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was carried out to determine the genetic variability parameters and character associations for eleven quantitative traits in Indian bean genotypes. It revealed a significant amount of variability present among these genotypes. Seed yield per plant had high Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values, showing the potential for improvement by selection. Racemes per plant, pods per raceme, pods per plant, and pod weight had moderate GCV and PCV values. There was high heritability combined with a high genetic advance for pod weight and seed yield per plant. Plant height, pods per plant, and pod weight were significantly and positively associated with seed yield per plant. Pods per plant had the most positive direct effect on seed yield per plant, followed by racemes per plant, plant height, pod weight, pod length, and seeds per pod. Therefore, selection for such traits is advised to bring about improvement in Indian beans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Napier grass, being robust, quick growing perennial allotetraploid fodder crop with repeated cutting ability gains significance for sustaining the animal population and maintaining its productivity. Fifty six Napier grass genotypes were evaluated for character association and diversity analysis during Kharif 2020. The genotypes were significantly different for all the characters, which indicated scope for further genetic studies. High estimates of PCV and GCV were observed for PHT, LBH, LWT, CFT, ASH, DMY and GFY. Moderate estimates of PCV and GCV were observed for NOT, NOL, NON, ILH, SWT, ADF, CPN, DMC. High heritability along with high genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for PHT, NOT, NOL, NON, ILH, LLH, LBH, SGH, LWT, SWT, ADF, CPN, CFT, ASH, DMC, DMY and GFY indicating the predominance of additive gene effects in the inheritance of these characters except LSR, NDF and CFR. Traits like PHT, NOT, NOL, LLH, LBH, SGH, LWT, SWT, LSR, CPN, CFT, ASH, DMC and DMY had positive and significant correlation at genotypic level with GFY and the selection based on these traits will result in enhanced GFY. Most of the yield contributing traits like DMY, SWT and LSR exhibited positive direct effect on GFY. Genetic diversity among the genotypes was assessed based on Mahalanobis’s D2 statistics clustering approach. Based on Tocher’s method, the genotypes were classified into 10 clusters. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster VIII and VII (29.76) followed by VII and IV (28.96), X and VII (28.19) and cluster IX and VII (27.54). Therefore, the genotypes from the above clusters viz., FD 453/1, FD 467, FD 435, FD 446 and FD 445 could be used as parents for the development of high yielding Pearl millet Napier hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Setaria italica is an essential crop in the developing world and yield levels are low. To improve the yield, the utilization of diverse germplasm in a breeding program is vital. Methods: The present study aimed to characterize 50 genotypes in the first year and out of 50, 10 genotypes in the second year using multivariant traits. Wide variation was observed in both the qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant differences for most symptoms. Higher estimates of GCV were followed for grain yields, followed by panicle lengths and organic outcomes. Higher estimates of PCV were observed for plant height and leaf length, followed by leaf width. Low GCV and PCV were recorded as leaf length, 50% flowering in days. PCV study indicated direct selection based on characters, panicle weight, test weight and strawweight showed a high and positive effect on grain yield per plant in both rainy and summer season indicating the proper relationship between these characters with grain yield per plant, which helps indirect selection for these traits thus in improving the grain yield per plant. Variability in foxtail millet germplasm allows plant breeders to effectively select specific donor lines for genetic improvement of foxtail millet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out at the Research Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat during the kharif, 2018. Twelve different quantitative characters related to rhizome yield were recorded and subjected for estimation of analysis of variance. The result revealed significant differences among the genotypes indicating presence of sufficient amount of variability in all the characters studied. Wide range of variation by virtue of exhibiting highly significant genotypic differences for all the twelve traits. The value of phenotypic coefficient of variation was recorded higher and closer to the respective genotypic coefficient of variation for majority of traits under study indicates less influence of environment. The magnitudes of genotypic correlations were higher as compared to the corresponding phenotypic correlations indicating that there was an inherent association between all the characters at genotypic level. Path coefficient analysis showed rhizome width, leaf width, mother rhizomes per plant, leaf length and leaves per plant exhibited positive direct effects on green rhizome yield per plant. Hence, priority should be given to these traits in mango ginger improvement programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is one of the highly consumed legumes and has the ability to withstand wide environmental conditions. Sixty greengram genotypes were evaluated for genetic relatedness with 11 quantitative traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, the number of primary branches per plant, the number of clusters per plant, the number of pods per cluster, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, pod length, hundred seed weight and single plant yield. The data were subjected to variability, genetic advance, heritability, correlation and path analysis. In this study, the phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation was found to be high for the number of clusters per pod and the number of pods per plant. High heritability was noticed for single plant yield, plant height and hundred seed weight. The genetic advance was found to be very high for the number of pods per plant. Association studies revealed that the single plant yield was significantly correlated with the number of pods per plant (0.75) followed by the number of pods per cluster (0.60), the number of clusters per plant (0.58) and the number of seeds per pod (0.49). The direct and positive effect was recorded for the traits viz., days to maturity (1.44), the number of pods per cluster (0.67), pod length (0.46) and plant height (0.24). Phenotypic selection of traits contributing to grain yield exhibiting high heritability and genetic advance would help in the selection of superior genotypes for the improvement of grain yield in greengram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to evaluate the genetic variability parameters, correlation and path coefficient analysis for eight yield related traits in segregating F2 population of an aerobic restorer AR 9-18 × YPK 198 (Donor for yield enhancing genes Gn1a and OsSPL14) at ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad during the kharif, 2019. The results indicated that, productive tiller number, grain number per panicle and plant yield showed high PCV and GCV. Height of plant, productive tiller number, grain number per panicle and plant yield exhibited a high heritability and also high genetic advance as per cent of mean which indicates simple selection would be effective for enhancement of these traits. Correlation studies indicated that plant yield was associated significantly positive with height of plant, productive tiller number, length of panicle and grain number per panicle. High positive direct effect on plant yield was recorded by productive tiller number, grain number per panicle and height of plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorghum is a universal crop grown for its diversified end uses. A total of 250 plants of F2 generation were evaluated for nine quantitative characters of cross made between Paiyur 2 and Kottathur local 5. The minimum difference was observed between the phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits which reveals that the effect of environment was minimum on the expression of the character. High PCV was observed for plant height (20.36%), test weight (23.59%), and single plant yield (44.52%). Low PCV was observed for days to fifty percent flowering (9.80%), days to maturity (6.54%) and number of leaves (7.14%). High heritability accompanied with genetic advance was observed for plant height (h²=99.03%; GAPM=41.55%), leaf length (h²=97.87%; GAPM=23.70%), stem diameter (h²=94.49%; GAPM=27.36%), test weight (h²=99.03%; GAPM=48.13%), and single plant yield (h²=99.57%; GAPM=91.33%) and it indicates that the characters are under the additive gene action and suitable for the selection process. Plant height (0.6115) recorded positive significant correlation with single plant yield and hence selection towards the plant height directly improves the yield. Plant height (0.6132) and test weight (0.297) showed positive direct effect on single plant yield which indicates that the selection towards these characters will improve the yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was undertaken to estimate the genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient in seven er2 (powdery mildew resistant gene) introgressed lines along with four standard checks in garden pea for different horticultural traits. The analysis of variance showed large variability among all the genotypes studied. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits. High heritability estimates coupled with high genetic gain were recorded for number of seeds per pod, number of primary branches per plant and pod yield per plant indicating that these traits are governed by additive genes and selection in early generation may be effective. Number of seeds per pod had significant and strong positive association with pod yield per plant both at genotypic and phenotypic levels and number of primary branches per plant at genotypic levels indicating that selection can be made on the basis of these characters for improving yield. Results of path analysis revealed that days to 50 per cent flowering, number of pods per plant and shelling percentage had maximum positive direct effect on pod yield per plant. Hence, these characters can be considered as the most important traits for selecting high yielding genotypes in pea improvement programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out using 40 mutants along with two check varieties CO(Kv)2 and MDU1 during Kharif 2019. Sixteen characters were studied and out of which only 11 traits showed significant variation. Correlation and path analysis were done for 11 traits viz., number of basal tillers, days to fifty percent flowering, flag leaf length, panicle length, plant height, number of raceme, number of productive tillers, number of leaves in main tiller, average leaves in side tiller, single ear head weight and single plant yield. Among the eleven biometrical traits, high heritability was recorded by traits such as number of basal tillers, days to fifty percent flowering, flag leaf length, plant height, number of racemes, number of productive tillers, number of leaves in main tiller, single ear head weight and single plant yield. Correlation studies showed that number of productive tillers, single ear head weight and plant height possess significant positive correlation with yield at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Path analysis showed that traits like number of basal tillers, single ear head weight and panicle length had high direct effect on yield. Thus, selection of these traits would be rewarding for yield improvement in barnyard millet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur during 2015 using twenty promising genotypes (AA21 to AA40) of green amaranth in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to study the variability, genetic parameters, association of yield related morphological traits to foliage yield and to find out the direct and indirect effects of components characters towards foliage yield. The significant analysis of variance revealed wide range of variability among the twenty genotypes of green amaranth. Except for stem diameter, foliage yield and all the yield contributing morphological traits had high heritability including high genetic advance in percent of mean, high to moderate genotypic and phenotypic variances and coefficient of variations with minimum differences of PCV and GCA indicated that the traits were governed by additive gene actions and had a great scope of selection for the improvement of green amaranth. Correlation study revealed that total biomass and shoot weight showed significant association with foliage yield per m2. Hence, selection based on total biomass and shoot weight could remarkably improve the foliage yield of green amaranth. However, the path coefficient analysis revealed that shoot weight had the highest positive direct effect (1.19) with significant genotypic correlation on foliage yield. It indicated that direct selection based on shoot weight would be effective for the improvement of foliage yield of green amaranth. Mean performance study revealed that the genotypes, such as AA21, AA22, AA24, AA25, AA27, AA28, AA31, AA36 and AA39 had high foliage yields including most of the yield related morphological traits over the grand mean. These genotype could be selected as high yielding varieties or parental lines for future breeding program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a study carried out with 71 genotypes of Indian mustard under sub-Himalayan condition during rabi 2017-18, it was found that all the genotypes differed significantly for yield and its attributing traits. Both GCV and PCV were found to be higher for height up to first fruiting branch, aphid count and penetration force indicating high variability in the genotypes. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for height up to first fruiting branch, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, siliquae per plant and 1000 seed weight. The trait association study revealed that secondary branches per plant and siliquae per plant had positive significant association with seed yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis indicated that penetration force exhibited the highest direct effect on seed yield. Siliquae per plant and secondary branches per plant exhibited high direct positive effect and positive association with seed yield per plant. On the basis of all the eleven traits taken together, the genotype PRD-2013-9 (rank-1) was the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was conducted to explore the genetic variability, character association and path analysis for yield and yield component traits in maize. One hundred maize inbred lines obtained from Department of millets,TNAU were raised along with five checks in Augmented block design II and observations were recorded on twenty morphological traits. Analysis of variance showed significant genotypic variance for all the characters. High PCV, GCV heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean were recorded for anthesis silking interval, number of tassel branches, number of kernels per row, grain yield per plant, cob weight, ear height and number kernel rows per cob. This indicated the effectiveness of selection towards these traits. Critical analysis of results obtained from character association indicated that grain yield per plant had positive significant association with cob weight, cob girth, number of kernels per row plant height, cob length, ear height, 100 kernel weight, tassel length and chlorophyll index. Thus selection for these traits could bring about an improvement in yield attributes of maize. Path analysis for the attributed traits revealed the direct influence of cob girth followed by number of kernels per row, shelling percentage, days to 50 percent silking and ear height on grain yield. Hence these traits could be used as an effective selection indicator to identify the elite genotypes from a population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The F2 segregating generation of two crosses viz., CO 52 × CR Dhan 310 and RNR 15048 × CB 13543 were evaluated for variability parameters, character association and path coefficient analysis. The results revealed that both the crosses exhibited high GCV and PCV for the traits viz., number of productive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle and single plant yield. The traits viz., number of productive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, hundred grain weight and single plant yield showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicating the presence of additive gene effect and selection for these traits may be effective. Correlation studies revealed that plant height, number of productive tillers and panicle length had significant positive association with single plant yield in both crosses. Number of productive tillers per plant showed high positive direct effect on grain yield. Path analysis revealed that number of productive tillers per plant showed high positive direct effect on grain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barnyard millet is one of the hardiest, climate resilient and fast growing crop that is bestowed with high nutrient content in grains. An experiment was carried out in barnyard millet under natural sodic soil condition to study the genetic variability and association for different morphological and yield contributing traits. Ninety nine barnyard millet genotypes including two commercial check varieties viz., MDU1 and CO (KV) 2 were evaluated under sodic soil condition. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation for all the characters studied. High phenotypic coefficient of variation, genotypic coefficient of variation and heritability were recorded for plant height, ear width, lower raceme length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width and grain yield per plant. Association studies indicated that grain yield per plant had highly significant positive correlation with days to fifty percent flowering, days to maturity, ear width and thousand grain weight. Path coefficient analysis indicated that the highest direct and indirect effect on grain yield per plant was exhibited by days to fifty percent flowering. Thus, days to fifty percent flowering, days to maturity, ear width and thousand grain weight can be used as selection indices for increasing grain yield of barnyard millet in sodic soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eighteen genotypes of french bean were evaluated for genetic variability and correlation studies for pod yield and its attributing characters. Both GCV and PCV corresponded closely for all the characters indicating low environmental influence. Highest GCV and PCV were recorded for seed weight per pod (145.12 % and 144.87%, respectively). The highest heritability estimate was observed for number of pods per plant (99.71 %). Pod yield per plant was significantly and positively correlated with number of pods per plant, flower per inflorescence, pod set per inflorescence, plant height and number of leaves per plant. Six characters viz., number of pods per plant (0.917), pod girth (0.791), plant height (0.765), flowers per inflorescence (0.529), pod length (0.284) and days to first flowering (0.134) had high and positive direct effect on pod yield. Therefore, plant height, flower per inflorescence and number of pods per plant emerged as the three most important characters influencing pod yield and selection based on these characters may improve the pod yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twelve-month-old superior 20 half-sib progenies of Thespesiapopulnea were evaluated nine months after planting for genetic variability, heritability, genetic gain, correlation and path analysis at Perugavalthan, Thiruvarur District, Tamil Nadu during 2014. Among the 20 half-sibs, progenies collected fromAathikadu recorded higher growth characters followed by Periyampatti and T. Nagar. Volume index registered highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation followed by height. Maximum heritability was observed for volume index followed by height and basal diameter. Volume index was found to be associated with higher genetic gain while it was low for height and basal diameter. Volume index had high and significant positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation with height and basal diameter. Path analysis showed that basal diameter and height contributed directly to the volume index. The half-sib progenies of Thespesiapopulnea collected from Aathikadu, Periyampatti and T. Nagar were proved to be superior on the basis of characters under study in coastal saline soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourteen diverse genotypes of wheat including three standard check variety were evaluated under heat stress condition during rabi season 2016-17 at Agriculture Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. Genotypes were studied for genetic variability, path analysis and diversity with the aim to identify the superior genotype with significantly satisfactory yield under very late sown condition. The data were recorded for traits viz., days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, 1000 grain weight, grain yield plot-1 and biological yield plot-1. Analysis of variance showed significant differences for all the six traits. The grain yield plot-1 ranged from 2375-3600 g. The phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed highest for grain yield plot-1. Highest broad sense heritability was observed for 1000 grain weight while genetic advance was estimated to be highest for grain yield plot-1. Diversity analysis indicates that total 14 genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was found between cluster IV and V followed by II and V. This exhibited that genotypes included in these clusters possess wide genetic diversity. Diversity study shows that the selection of genotypes for crosses from cluster V (WR544(C)) with cluster IV(PBW778), cluster II (HD3272) and cluster I (HI11621, WH1232, PBW757, DBW251, DBW250, HD3271 and WH1233) could give maximum heterosis and prove to be good recombinants. Hence, genotypes from such diverse groups can be selected for making the crosses and selection of desirable genotype for heat tolerance and better yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variability, correlation and path analysis of 24 yield and quality characters were assessed in turmeric using 15 genotypes. Wide genetic variability was observed among the genotypes for most of the characters studied. High GCV and PCV was observed for 17 characters except for plant height, leaf length, leaf width, primary rhizome length, secondary rhizome girth, diameter of inner core of primary rhizome and diameter of primary rhizome. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for 23 characters except secondary rhizome girth. Simple correlation analysis revealed that fresh rhizome yield per plant showed positive and significant correlation with collar girth, length of mother rhizome, girth of mother rhizome, weight of mother rhizome, number of primary rhizome, weight of primary rhizome and number of secondary rhizome. From path analysis, it is understood that fresh rhizome yield exhibited high direct positive effect on girth of mother rhizome, weight of mother rhizome, weight of primary rhizome, number of secondary rhizome and curcumin content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic variability, character association and path coefficient studies were carried out for yield and yield contributing characters for twenty-four diverse genotype of pea. The results revealed a wide range of phenotypic variation, along with high heritability in pea. Highest pod yield per plant was recorded in VRP-229 followed by VRP-372 and VRP-305. The characters namely, plant height and weight of seeds per pod showed high magnitude, while number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant and pod yield per plant showed moderate magnitude for phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. The heritability and genetic advance were high for days to first pod initiation, plant height and pod yield per plant indicating its additive gene action for their expression. Character association studies revealed that pod yield per plant exhibit positive and highly significant correlation with number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant and days to fifty percent flowering. The path coefficient studies also revealed that maximum positive direct effect was observed through number of pods per plant followed by days to first flowering, single pod weight and pod length towards yield indicated that these characters may be considered as the most reliable selection indices while making selection for high yielding genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out to study variability and association among yield and its component traits in RIL population of sunflower. The investigation was carried out at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Observations were recorded for nine characters viz., plant height, head diameter, volume weight, 100 seed weight, seed yield per plant, oil content, oleic acid content, linoleic acid content and oil yield per plant. Variability studies revealed high PCV for Plant height, head diameter, 100 seed weight, seed yield per plant, oleic acid content, linoleic acid content and oil yield per plant. High GCV was observed for plant height, 100 seed weight, seed yield per plant, oleic acid content, linoleic acid content and oil yield per plant. High heritability and high genetic advance as percentage of mean were recorded for the traits plant height, volume weight, 100 seed weight, seed yield per plant, oleic acid content and linoleic acid content. Oil yield per plant showed positive correlation with plant height, head diameter, volume weight, 100 seed weight, oil content, seed yield per plant. Seed yield per plant had significant and positive correlation with plant height, head diameter, volume weight, 100 seed weight and linoleic acid content. Plant height, head diameter, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant are important selection indices for oil yield improvement programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interspecific hybridization is important for genetic enhancement of crop plants. The present study was conducted to study genetic variation in advanced interspecific lines of mungbean for yield and its component traits, to determine the association among different traits and their contribution towards seed yield through correlation and path coefficient analysis. A set of 64 genotypes including 51 advanced interspecific lines derived from mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) × urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) × ricebean (VignaumbellataThumb.) crosses and 13 parents (mungbean, urdbean and ricebean) was the experimental material for this study. The mean sum of squares for genotypes were highly significant for all the traits. Mean sum of squares for replications were also highly significant for all traits except days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity and harvest index at 1 % and 5 % level of significance. This indicated substantial magnitude of diversity and variability in the interspecific lines and parents under study, which could be further exploited. High to moderate PCV and GCV along with high heritability and genetic advance was observed for biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant and plant height, indicating that these traits could be easy targets for phenotypic selection and consequently, may be improved genetically via simple plant selection methods. On the basis of correlation studies, it could be concluded that all the traits under investigation except number of seeds per pod and harvest index were important for selection for yield improvement. Path analysis further revealed that harvest index could also be one of the criteria of selection for higher yield in these interspecific lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, during the period 2014 - 2015 to asses the extent of genetic variability, heritability, correlation and path coefficient analysis of 60 genotypes of brinjal for yield and shoot and fruit borer tolerance. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The maximum phenotypic and genotypic variation was noted for fruit yield per plant followed by fruit weight, fruit girth, number of fruits per plant and shoot and fruit borer incidence. High heritability along with high estimates of GCV, genetic advance and genetic gain were observed for fruit yield per plant, fruit weight, number of secondary branches per plant and shoot and fruit borer incidence. Among the sixteen morphological characters studied, number of long styled flowers per plant, number of short styled flowers per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, days to first harvesting and shoot and fruit borer incidence showed positive direct effect. For fruit weight, fruit girth and number of fruits per plant were observed positive and significant correlation. It is suggested that the greater emphasis should be given for selection of these characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and quality traits were studied on 27 rice genotypes. The higher estimates of PCV and GCV were observed for yield per plant (42.04) and filled seeds per panicle (33.9) indicate possibility of genetic improvement through direct selection. High heritability in broad sense coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean exhibited by effective tillers, plant height, flag leaf length, filled grains per panicle, test weight, yield per plant, head rice recovery and length/breadth ratio indicating preponderance of additive gene action which provide good scope for further improvement by selection. Grain yield per plant had highest significant positive association with filled seeds per panicle, plant height, flag leaf length, effective tillers, flag leaf width and panicle length indicating importance of these characters for yield improvement, while head rice recovery was found to be significantly and positively correlated with milling percent and hulling percent. Path analysis reveals that test weight (3.48), effective tillers (1.57), and filled grains per panicle (1.41) had positive direct effect on grain yield per plant. Among the quality traits kernel length followed by milling percent and kernel elongation ratio had direct effect on head rice recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for fifteen yield contributing traits were studied in F2 population obtained from the cross of Arka Vikas x EC 519809. The study indicated that existence of considerable amount of genetic variability for all the characters studied. The characters viz., fruit yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, number of primary branches, total phenol and pericarp thickness exhibited higher values of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. Whereas, fruit yield per plant, individual fruit weight, pericarp thickness and number of primary branches per plant exhibited high estimates of heritability and genetic advance for yield per plant and average fruit weight. These characters can be effectively improved through selection. Correlation indicated that yield was significantly and positively associated with plant height, number of flowers per cluster, percent fruit set, fruit length, fruit diameter, individual fruit weight and number of fruits per plant. Number of fruits per cluster and number of fruits per plant showed the highest positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant. Direct selection may be executed considering these traits as the main selection criteria to reduce indirect effect of other characters during development of high yielding tomato variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study investigated the genetic variability, correlation and path analysis on various yield attributing traits of forty nine bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown at Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal during rabi season for two consecutive years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 enduring with terminal heat stress. Wide spectrum variability was revealed for all the characters studied which could provide scope for improvement through selection. High Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV), Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV), heritability, Genetic advance (GA), GA (%) of mean was observed in the characters viz., proline content, no. of tillers plant-1, no. of spikes plant-1, no. of grains spike-1 and yield plant-1 under late heat stress condition. The genotypes viz. GW 2011-403, WSM 135, GW 2008-153, RAJ 4358, RAJ 4362, J-07-47 & UP 2783 were found to be high yielders may exploit towards heat tolerance. Yield plant-1 was found to have significant positive association with plant height, no. of tillers plant-1, no. of spikes plant-1, spike length, no. of spikelets spike-1, no. of florets spike-1, no. of grains spike-1, floret fertility and grain weight spike-1 at both genotypic and phenotypic levels; while a significant negative correlation was observed with chlorophyll-a and total chlorophyll content at both the levels and chlorophyll-b at genotypic level only. Considering path coefficient analysis, no. of tillers plant-1, spike length, no. of florets spike-1 and floret fertility were mentioned as selection criteria under late heat stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forty line of intervarital segregating population of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] along with their parents were analyzed for genetic variability, correlation and path coefficients. Significant differences observed for various traits indicated substantial amount of variability existed among the genotypes for various traits, which indicated further genetic studies. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of branches plant-1, plant height, no. of clusters plant-1, days to flowering and seeds pod-1 indicating that selection would be rewarding for these characters. In general genotypic correlation coefficients were higher in magnitude than their phenotypic correlation coefficient, this indicated the association at genotypic level and control of sampling error. Seed yield plant-1 was found to be positively and significantly correlated with number of pods plant-1, number of cluster plant-1 and number of pods cluster-1. Path analysis revealed that characters such as number of pods cluster-1, number of clusters plant-1 and pod length were the major component traits of seed yield and hence these characters should be given priority in selection based on their high heritability coupled with high genetic advance also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundnut yield in rain fed areas has been limited by drought stress because pod yield and other growth parameters have been severely affected. The aim of this study is to evaluate the genetic variability, character association and path analysis between yield and its contributing traits in 30 groundnut genotypes under drought. Analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant differences among genotypes for all characters studied. The magnitude of PCV and GCV was moderate to high for number of pods per plant, dry haulm yield, kernel yield, plant height and dry pod yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for kernel yield, plant height, dry pod yield, and hundred kernel weight indicating the role of additive gene in expressing these traits. Dry pod yield was significant positively correlated with kernel yield, no of pods per plant, hundred kernel weight and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR). Path coefficient analysis indicated that number of pods per plant and hundred kernel weight were essential traits to be considered for realizing the improvement in yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]