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An anomaly observed in the 8Be nuclear transition by the Atomki collaboration hints at a light, neutral boson decaying into an e + e − pair with a mass of about 17 MeV. In this paper, we study the Atomki anomaly in the framework of axial (ABJ) anomaly. Some theoretical results indicate that the X17 particle is the color singlet pseudoscalar. We take the X17 particle as a pseudoscalar meson (u ū) system which has the axial (ABJ) anomaly, where u denotes the up quark. Besides this, we also give an interpretation for E38 particle with a mass of about 38 MeV as a pseudoscalar meson (d d ̄) system. We obtain the correct masses of the two pseudoscalars by a non-perturbative mass formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]