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Summary: In this paper, a multiphase digital control called digital integration constant on‐time (DICOT) control is proposed, which applies the concept of signal accumulation, solves the drawbacks of ripple‐based digital COT control that the switching frequency and transient performance are affected by the A/D sample delay and sampling noise. Besides, the multiphase interleaving approach of the proposed DICOT control is well‐suitable for digital control and no higher calculation frequency is required compared to single‐phase. In the aspect of the current balance, almost all existing researches work on analog COT current balance scheme and few works are investigating the resolution improvement of digital COT current balance. In this paper, the current balance model of multiphase COT control is derived and can be applied in the Buck system with an arbitrary number of phases, the delay‐line‐based high‐resolution COT current balance scheme is proposed to enhance the control resolution. Finally, the two‐phase DICOT control is tested on the multiphase Buck system, the transient performance is tested of 100 A load step with the slew rate of 1000 A/μs, and the voltage undershoot and overshoot are 20 and 36 mV, respectively. The current balance is tested and the errors are 0.01% and 0.11% at the light and heavy loads, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel four-wing chaotic system is constructed based on the Sprott-A system. The novel system contains three nonlinearly quadratic terms, which have rich dynamics such as four-wing hidden attractors, hidden extreme multistability and transient transitions. It is found that this system has high complexity by spectral entropy analysis. In addition, a corresponding hardware analog circuit is designed based on this system by operational amplifiers and multipliers. The experimental results agree with those of the theoretical analysis and confirm that this system is practically feasible. This system will have a good application value in secure communication and cryptography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we attempted to use melatonin combined with germination treatment to remove pesticide residues from contaminated grains. High levels of pesticide residues were detected in soybean seeds after soaking with chlorothalonil (10 mM) and malathion (1 mM) for 2 hours. Treatment with 50 μM melatonin for 5 days completely removed the pesticide residues, while in the control group, only 61–71% of pesticide residues were removed from soybean sprouts. Compared with the control, melatonin treatment for 7 days further increased the content of ascorbic acid (by 48–66%), total phenolics (by 52–68%), isoflavones (by 22–34%), the total antioxidant capacity (by 37–40%), and the accumulated levels of unsaturated fatty acids (C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3) (by 17–30%) in soybean sprouts. Moreover, melatonin treatment further increased the accumulation of ten components of phenols and isoflavones in soybean sprouts relative to those in the control. The ability of melatonin to accelerate the degradation of pesticide residues and promote the accumulation of antioxidant metabolites might be related to its ability to trigger the glutathione detoxification system in soybean sprouts. Melatonin promoted glutathione synthesis (by 49–139%) and elevated the activities of glutathione-S-transferase (by 24–78%) and glutathione reductase (by 38–61%). In summary, we report a new method in which combined treatment by melatonin and germination rapidly degrades pesticide residues in contaminated grains and improves the nutritional quality of food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication of SrFe 12 O 19 ferrite powders with good magnetic properties is a key process in the industrial production of permanent magnets. Remanence and coercivity of the powders was seriously decreased due to the generation of surface lattice defects produced during the crushing of pre-sintered ferrite powders. And the traditionally applied high-temperature annealing above 800 °C can only partially restore the magnetic properties. In this work, the effects of types, adding mode and contents of surfactant (hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, triethanolamine) on the magnetic properties of crushed powders of the pre-sintered SrFe 12 O 19 ferrite under a low-temperature annealing of 400 °C process were systematically explored. The results showed that surfactants are beneficial to restore or even enhance the magnetic properties of the crushed powders compared with the pre-sintered ferrite due to the refinement of the particles and repairing the surface defects. The surfactant-assisted low-temperature annealing process proposed in this work will promote the commercial production of high performance ferrite powders and ferrite magnets, which can also effectively reduce the production energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the challenges of low recognition accuracy, slow speed, and weak generalization ability inherent in traditional methods for multi‐damage recognition of concrete bridges, this paper proposed an efficient lightweight damage recognition model, constructed by improving the you only look once v4 (YOLOv4) with MobileNetv3 and fused inverted residual blocks, named YOLOMF. First, a novel lightweight network named MobileNetv3 with fused inverted residual (MobileNetv3‐FusedIR) is constructed as the backbone network for YOLOMF. This is achieved by integrating the fused mobile inverted bottleneck convolution (Fused‐MBConv) into the shallow layers of MobileNetv3. Second, the standard convolution in YOLOv4 is replaced with the depthwise separable convolution, resulting in a reduction in the number of parameters and complexity of the model. Third, the effects of different activation functions on the damage recognition performance of YOLOMF are thoroughly investigated. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in complex environments, a data enhancement library named Imgaug is used to simulate concrete bridge damage images under challenging conditions such as motion blur, fog, rain, snow, noise, and color variations. The results indicate that the YOLOMF shows excellent multi‐damage recognition proficiency for concrete bridges across varying field‐of‐view sizes as well as complex environmental conditions. The detection speed of YOLOMF reaches 85f/s, facilitating effective real‐time multi‐damage detection for concrete bridges under complex environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present eBiBa (enhanced BiBa), a hash-based signature scheme with the smallest possible signature size, while ensuring high feasibility and security in a specific application model. Our scheme is tailored to address the communication requirement of a large-scale public data stream continuously disseminated between two participants while ensuring data source and data integrity authentication. To achieve these goals, firstly, we optimized the classical hash tree mode into a hybrid mode to efficiently perform public key authentication and eliminate the need for an authenticated channel to transmit large amounts of data, unlike the initial BiBa-based broadcast authentication protocol. Secondly, we employed a specific tweakable hash chain function to digest a batch of messages, reducing the required conditions for post-quantum existential unforgeability under adaptive chosen message attack (EUCMA) of eBiBa to a second-pre-image-resistance-like property instead of collision resistance. This results in reduced pre-computation in both key and signature generations. Thirdly, we utilized a forward-secure pseudorandom function to achieve forward-secure of the proposed scheme. Finally, we minimize the signature size through a series of procedures. Firstly, we select BiBa few-time signature as the underlying signature scheme since it is currently the few-time hash-based signature with the smallest signature size that we are aware of; in addition, the hybrid approach we employed can also significantly reduce the signature size compared to using a hash tree solely; for the hash tree structure, we design a specific authentication path in combination with the related communication model to further minimize the signature size; finally, we optimize the authentication approach to achieve the minimum signature size in a single transmission. Our construction minimizes the signature size in the aforementioned model, achieving a compression rate of 0.017 to 0.828 based on distinct values of parameters, as compared to XMSS-256. We also demonstrated that eBiBa can achieve post-quantum forward-secure and EUCMA security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Carbon spheres decorated with SnS 2 nanosheets were assembled using common reagents and a simple solvothermal method. • SnS 2 @CS composite was used as counter electrode for DSSC. • The DSSC using SnS 2 @CS composite CE yielded a high average PCE value of 7.12%. In order to utilize the synergistic effect of SnS 2 and CS and further improve the electrochemical performance of SnS 2 , We prepared monodisperse SnS 2 @CS composite using common reagents and a simple solvothermal method, and studied its electrochemical performance as counter electrode (CE) of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). During the preparation process, glucose was used as the carbon source, thioacetamide as the reducing agent and sulfur source, and SnS 2 @CS composite with a shell structure was finally obtained. The results indicate that, compared to SnS 2 , the electrocatalytic performance of SnS 2 @CS composite has significantly improved. The DSSC using SnS 2 @CS composite CE yielded a high average PCE value of 7.12%, which is significantly higher than that of DSSC based on SnS 2 ′s CE (just 5.59%). The enhanced performance is mainly attributed to the addition of carbon spheres, which can improve the conductivity and increase the number of active catalytic sites on the SnS 2 @CS CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• TLR2 signalling pathway can regulate acute rejection of heart transplantation. • TLR2 signalling pathway can regulate the production of alloreactive γδT17 cells. • TLR2 signalling pathway regulates the production of γδT17 cells by regulating the function of DCs to secrete IL-1β. Homograft rejection is the main cause of heart transplantation failure. The role of TLR2, a major member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family, in transplantation rejection is has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we used a mouse model of acute cardiac transplantation rejection to investigate whether the TLR2 signalling pathway can regulate cardiac transplantation rejection by regulating alloreactive IL-17+γδT (γδT17) cells. We found that the expression of TLR2 on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages increased during acute transplantation rejection. In addition, our investigation revealed that γδT17 cells exert a significant influence on acute cardiac transplantation rejection. TLR2 gene knockout resulted in an increase in alloreactive γδT17 cells in the spleen and heart grafts of recipient mice compared with wild-type recipient mice and an increase in the mRNA expression of IL-17, IL-1β, CCR6, and CCL20 in the heart grafts. In an in vitro experiment, a mixed lymphocyte reaction was conducted to assess the impact of TLR2 deficiency on the generation of γδT17 cells, which further substantiated a significant increase compared to that in wild-type controls. Furthermore, the mixed lymphocyte reaction showed that TLR2 regulated the production of γδT17 cells by regulating the ability of DCs to secrete IL-1β. These results suggest that TLR2 signalling is important for regulating the generation of γδT17 cells after cardiac allograft transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lanthanide ion contained metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention in the fields of solid‐state lighting and chemical sensing due to their porous structure and distinctive optical properties. However, they also present challenges because of the limited photoluminescence (PL) intensity resulting from the parity‐forbidden f–f transitions of lanthanide ions. Herein, the study reports a new heterometallic MOFs Ln3Li2L4 (Li‐Ln‐MOF, Ln = Y, Eu, Tb and Dy, L = deprotonated 1,3,5‐tris(4‐carboxyphenyl)benzene) with a Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area of 774.1 m2/g. The porous crystal structure of Li‐Ln‐MOF is characterized by three kinds of channels interpenetrating with each other. By employing ligand alternation and lanthanide ion alloying strategies, Li‐Y1‐xEux‐MOF1 crystal isostructural with Li‐Ln‐MOF is synthesized by using 2,4,6‐tris(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (H3TATB) as ligand. The Li‐Y0.7Eu0.3‐MOF1 crystal excels in the comprehensive performance with a BET surface area of 858.8 m2 g−1 and a near‐unity PL quantum yield. The time density functional theory and natural transition orbitals calculations unravel that the outstanding optical properties Li‐Y0.7Eu0.3‐MOF1 originates from the charge transfer between TATB3− and Eu3+. Benefiting from the excellent comprehensive performance of Li‐Y1‐xEux‐MOF1, the study reveals their potentials as single‐composition white‐light emission and fluorescent sensing probe for the detection of nitrobenzene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) mediates mono‐methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me1) in mammals. H3K4me1 mark is involved in establishing an active chromatin structure to promote gene transcription. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying the KMT2D‐mediated H3K4me1 mark modulates gene expression in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression is unresolved. Methods and Results: We recognized Y‐box‐binding protein 1 (YBX1) as a "reader" of the H3K4me1 mark, and a point mutation of YBX1 (E121A) disrupted this interaction. We found that KMT2D and YBX1 cooperatively promoted cell growth and metastasis of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of KMT2D and YBX1 were both upregulated in tumour tissues and correlated with poor prognosis for breast cancer patients. Combined analyses of ChIP‐seq and RNA‐seq data indicated that YBX1 was co‐localized with KMT2D‐mediated H3K4me1 in the promoter regions of c‐Myc and SENP1, thereby activating their expressions in TNBC cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that YBX1 activated the expressions of c‐Myc and SENP1 in a KMT2D‐dependent manner. Conclusion: Our results suggest that KMT2D‐mediated H3K4me1 recruits YBX1 to facilitate TNBC progression through epigenetic activation of c‐Myc and SENP1. These results together unveil a crucial interplay between histone mark and gene regulation in TNBC progression, thus providing novel insights into targeting the KMT2D‐H3K4me1‐YBX1 axis for TNBC treatment. Highlights: YBX1 is a KMT2D‐mediated H3K4me1‐binding effector protein and mutation of YBX1 (E121A) disrupts its binding to H3K4me1.KMT2D and YBX1 cooperatively promote TNBC proliferation and metastasis by activating c‐Myc and SENP1 expression in vitro and in vivo.YBX1 is colocalized with H3K4me1 in the c‐Myc and SENP1 promoter regions in TNBC cells and increased YBX1 expression predicts a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traumatic fractures occur frequently worldwide. However, research remains limited on the association between short-term exposure to temperature and traumatic fractures. This study aims to explore the impact of apparent temperature (AT) on emergency visits (EVs) due to traumatic fractures. Methods: Based on EVs data for traumatic fractures and the contemporary meteorological data, a generalized Poisson regression model along with a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) were undertaken to determine the impact of AT on traumatic fracture EVs. Subgroup analysis by gender and age and sensitivity analysis were also performed. Results: A total of 25,094 EVs for traumatic fractures were included in the study. We observed a wide "J"-shaped relationship between AT and risk of traumatic fractures, with AT above 9.5 °C positively associated with EVs due to traumatic fractures. The heat effects became significant at cumulative lag 0–11 days, and the relative risk (RR) for moderate heat (95th percentile, 35.7 °C) and extreme heat (99.5th percentile, 38.8 °C) effect was 1.311 (95% CI: 1.132–1.518) and 1.418 (95% CI: 1.191–1.688) at cumulative lag 0–14 days, respectively. The cold effects were consistently non-significant on single or cumulative lag days across 0–14 days. The heat effects were higher among male and those aged 18–65 years old. The sensitivity analysis results remained robust. Conclusion: Higher AT is associated with cumulative and delayed higher traumatic fracture EVs. The male and those aged 18–65 years are more susceptible to higher AT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving polarizability is an important strategy for designing high‐performance mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. The substitution of equivalent or aliovalent atoms can manipulate the polarizability by adjusting the symmetry of the polyhedron. Herein, the Li+ and Cd2+ are introduced into the Cu3PS4 as the equivalent and aliovalent dopants for the Cu site. As a result, Li+ can significantly improve the bandgap (Eg) of LixCu3−xPS4 from 2.38 to 2.88 eV, leading to a higher laser‐induced damage threshold (LIDT) of 4.9 times than AgGaS2 (AGS) with a comparable second harmonic generation (SHG) response of AGS (26−45 µm). Interestingly, Cd2+ can improve the SHG response and enlarge the Eg simultaneously. As a result, Cd0.4Cu2.2PS4 has a large SHG response of 10 × AGS at 2050 nm (26−45 µm) and a LIDT of 2.6 × AGS. Theoretical calculations reveal that lattice vacancies induced by Cd2+ significantly boost polarizability compared to LixCu3−xPS4 with no vacancy, leading to a strong NLO response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The l 2 regularization is usually used to deal with the problems of under-determinacy and measurement noise for the conventional sensitivity-based model updating damage detection methods. However, the l 2 regularization technique often provides overly smooth solutions and thus cannot exhibit the sparsity of the structural damage due to the promotion of the 2-norm term on smoothness. In the study, a structural damage detection method is proposed based on an improved modal flexibility sensitivity function and an iterative reweighted l p (IR l p) regularization. Specifically, the sensitivity function is established by introducing changes in the mode shapes into the derivative of eigenvalue and can be applied to identify the localized damage more accurately. Additionally, IR l p regularization is proposed to deal with the ill-posed problem of damage detection in a noisy environment. The proposed IR l p regularization is compared with the l 1 and l 2 regularizations through a numerical and an experimental examples. The numerical and experimental results indicate that the IR l p regularization can more accurately locate and quantify the single and multiple damages under the noise situation. The maximum identification errors are only 5.16% and 5.67%, respectively. Moreover, compared to the basic modal flexibility sensitivity function, the improved function is more sensitive to the damage. The maximum identification error of the improved function is less than 6%, while the relative errors are significantly larger in the basic function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a class of emerging photoluminescent materials, hybrid halide crystals have drawn research attention for their potential application in the fields of light‐emitting, security, and waveguide. Nevertheless, hybrid halide crystals containing antimony with long‐term stability and tunable light emission are still increasingly in demand. In this work, serial new hybrid halide crystals (BZA)2ZnCl4·2H2O:xSb3+ (x = 0–0.2, x represents the reaction ratio) and (BZA)2SbCl5 are synthesized (BZA = 2,4‐diamino‐6‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine). In (BZA)2ZnCl4·2H2O:xSb3+ crystals, Sb3+ cations replace partial Zn2+ cations to form [SbCl4]− tetrahedron. Red light emission caused by the substitution of Sb3+ for Zn2+ enhances as the doping rate increases, resulting in the tunable emission from light blue to pink and finally to dark red. There are two kinds of Sb3+ in (BZA)2SbCl5 crystal. Sb(1) has a sixfold coordination with Cl to form a [Sb(1)Cl5]∞ 1D zigzag chain. Sb(2) atom adopts a fivefold coordination with Cl and is separated from each other by BZA+ cations. (BZA)2SbCl5 crystal shows bright orange‐yellow light emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 45%. Moreover, the organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide crystals containing antimony have excellent long‐term stability, with phase and luminescence keeping nearly unchanged after more than six months in ambient air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid isopropyl ester (HMBi), a rumen protective methionine, has been extensively studied in dairy cows and beef cattle and has been shown to regulate gastrointestinal microbiota and improve production performance. However, knowledge of the application of HMBi on cashmere goats and the simultaneous study of rumen and hindgut microbiota is still limited. In this study, HMBi supplementation increased the concentration of total serum protein, the production of microbial protein in the rumen and feces, as well as butyrate production in the feces. The results of PCoA and PERMANOVA showed no significant difference between the rumen microbiota, but there was a dramatic difference between the fecal microbiota of the two groups of Cashmere goats after the HMBi supplementation. Specifically, in the rumen, HMBi significantly increased the relative abundance of some fiber-degrading bacteria (such as Fibrobacter) compared with the CON group. In the feces, as well as a similar effect as in the rumen (increasing the relative abundance of some fiber-degrading bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group and ASV32), HMBi diets also increased the proliferation of butyrate-producing bacteria (including Oscillospiraceae UCG-005 and Christensenellaceae R-7 group). Overall, these results demonstrated that HMBi could regulate the rumen and fecal microbial composition of Liaoning cashmere goats and benefit the host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid isopropyl ester (HMBi), a rumen protective methionine, has been extensively studied in dairy cows and beef cattle and has been shown to regulate gastrointestinal microbiota and improve production performance. However, knowledge of the application of HMBi on cashmere goats and the simultaneous study of rumen and hindgut microbiota is still limited. In this study, HMBi supplementation increased the concentration of total serum protein, the production of microbial protein in the rumen and feces, as well as butyrate production in the feces. The results of PCoA and PERMANOVA showed no significant difference between the rumen microbiota, but there was a dramatic difference between the fecal microbiota of the two groups of Cashmere goats after the HMBi supplementation. Specifically, in the rumen, HMBi significantly increased the relative abundance of some fiber-degrading bacteria (such as Fibrobacter) compared with the CON group. In the feces, as well as a similar effect as in the rumen (increasing the relative abundance of some fiber-degrading bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group and ASV32), HMBi diets also increased the proliferation of butyrate-producing bacteria (including Oscillospiraceae UCG-005 and Christensenellaceae R-7 group). Overall, these results demonstrated that HMBi could regulate the rumen and fecal microbial composition of Liaoning cashmere goats and benefit the host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Excessive influx of manganese (Mn) into the brain across the blood–brain barrier induces neurodegeneration. CYP1B1 is involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) that affects vascular homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the effect of brain CYP1B1 on Mn‐induced neurotoxicity. Method: Brain Mn concentrations and α‐synuclein accumulation were measured in wild‐type and CYP1B1 knockout mice treated with MnCl2 (30 mg/kg) and biotin (0.2 g/kg) for 21 continuous days. Tight junctions and oxidative stress were analyzed in hCMEC/D3 and SH‐SY5Y cells after the treatment with MnCl2 (200 μM) and CYP1B1‐derived AA metabolites (HETEs and EETs). Results: Mn exposure inhibited brain CYP1B1, and CYP1B1 deficiency increased brain Mn concentrations and accelerated α‐synuclein deposition in the striatum. CYP1B1 deficiency disrupted the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and increased the ratio of 3, 4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) to dopamine in the striatum. HETEs attenuated Mn‐induced inhibition of tight junctions by activating PPARγ in endothelial cells. Additionally, EETs attenuated Mn‐induced up‐regulation of the KLF/MAO‐B axis and down‐regulation of NRF2 in neuronal cells. Biotin up‐regulated brain CYP1B1 and reduced Mn‐induced neurotoxicity in mice. Conclusions: Brain CYP1B1 plays a critical role in both cerebrovascular and dopamine homeostasis, which might serve as a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of Mn‐induced neurotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their superparamagnetic properties, large specific surface area, high biocompatibility, non–toxicity, large–scale production, and recyclability. More importantly, numerous hydroxyl groups (–OH) on the surface of Fe3O4 MNPs can provide coupling sites for various modifiers, forming versatile nanocomposites for applications in the energy, biomedicine, and environmental fields. With the development of science and technology, the potential of nanotechnology in the food industry has also gradually become prominent. However, the application of composite Fe3O4 MNPs in the food industry has not been systematically summarized. Herein, this article reviews composite Fe3O4 MNPs, including their properties, modifications, and physical functions, as well as their applications in the entire food industry from production to processing, storage, and detection. This review lays a solid foundation for promoting food innovation and improving food quality and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Quenching influence the magnetic properties and OER performance. • Combine crystal field and magnetic field to regulate spin configuration. • Magnetic field promote the electron spin transfer and reduce the kinetic barrier. The utilization of magnetic field to enhance electrocatalytic activity has become an effective strategy garnering significant attention in the field of electrocatalysis. Herein, we employ a combination of electrospinning and quenching techniques to successfully synthesize high-entropy oxide (HEO) (FeCoNiCrMn) 3 O 4. The HEO exhibited ferromagnetic properties and further increased the saturation magnetization after the quenching process, primarily due to temperature-mediated magnetic exchange interactions. The OER performance is significantly improved by employing a ferromagnetic ordered catalyst as a spin polarizer in the presence of a magnetic field. The introduction of an exterior magnetic field (∼130 mT) significantly improved the OER performance of HEO-LN (HEO quenching in liquid nitrogen), reducing the overpotential by 39.4 mV at 10 mA cm-2. The improved OER performance is due to the presence of the magnetic field-enhanced electron spin polarization, reducing electron repulsion and enhancing orbital hybridization. These findings not only provide crucial insights into understanding reactions involving magnetic field-induced electrochemistry but also contribute to the rational design of electrocatalysts with magnetic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of superconductor integrated circuits (SCIC) places increasing demands on electronic design automation (EDA) tools. Circuit simulation is a crucial step in the design process of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID) and single flux quantum (SFQ) circuits. Over the years, there have been many SC circuit simulators, like JSPICE, JSIM, WRspice, JoSIM, PSCAN2, JSICsim, PrimeSim HSPICE, Spectre, and more. The previous studies have compared the differences in results among some simulators for the same circuit cases. However, designers of SC circuits still face challenges when choosing simulators and setting simulation parameters. The performance of these simulators lacks comprehensive and quantitative evaluations to date. To evaluate the performance of the simulators, we focused on three aspects: the differences among the IV results, accuracy, and speed. For characterizing the accuracy of the simulators, we proposed a method that uses the relative error between the numerical and analytical solutions at the L - C resonance point on the IV curve of a dc SQUID. In this article, we have selected five representative simulators JoSIM, JSIM, WRspice, PSCAN2, and JSICsim for our study. By using multiple cases of the bare and coupled dc SQUID, multiple IV curves, and the analytical solution as a reference, we comprehensively compared the performance of these simulators. Additionally, we quantitatively examined the impact of two key simulation parameters, namely, the maximum allowed simulation timestep (max timestep) and relative tolerance (RelTol), on the performance of these simulators. Our results show that the normalized voltage differences in the IV curves of different simulators are relatively small (within 0.06) in regions far from the L - C resonance point, while they increase significantly near the L - C resonance point (maximum is 0.4). PSCAN2 exhibits a significant relative error of approximately 16% when the max timestep is 0.6ps and RelTol is 1 × 1 0 − 1 , which is close to its default RelTol value. Our work provides some insights and references for the designers of SC circuits on how to choose simulators and set simulation parameters. • Comprehensively studied the performance of the five simulators (JoSIM, JSIM, WRspice, PSCAN2, and JSICsim) from three aspects: the differences among the IV results, accuracy, and speed. • Proposed a reliable method to characterize the accuracy of simulators by using the relative error between the numerical and analytical solutions at the L - C resonance point of the dc SQUID's IV curve. • Evaluated and compared the performance of simulators, and quantitatively examined the impact of simulation parameters (max timestep and RelTol) on the simulators' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mussel-inspired covalent organic framework composites MPN@COFs were synthesized and characterized. • The HPLC-MS/MS adsorption assay of caffeine in tea was carried out, and the adsorption conditions were optimized. • The established detection method is characterized by low detection limit, high sensitivity and good reproducibility. • The tea samples were analyzed by using MPN@COFs as high efficiency adsorbent. Inspired by the surface structure of mussel, a novel bionic adsorbent (MPN@COFs) was prepared using an in situ synthetic strategy for the selective adsorption of caffeine and the physicochemical structure, surface morphology and composition of were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The analytical data showed that the specific surface area of MPN @ COF was as high as 133.62 m2/g, which was stable and adaptable to acid and alkaline environments, with a adsorption rate of 78 %, and still maintained a high adsorption rate after reuse for three times. The adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics fit the Langmuir model and the quasi-secondary kinetic model better, respectively. Compared with single COFs and MPN, the adsorption efficiency of MPN@COFs increased by 40.54 % and 57.65 %, respectively. Moreover, the composite material could be reused three times, the HPLC-MS/MS method established in this study has high sensitivity, and this rapid detection technique can provide strong support for the detection of caffeine in beverages and the removal of caffeine from tea and its products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxychloride phosphors that contain active ions coordinated with both oxygen and chloride ions have garnered significant attention, but the application of oxychloride phosphors is yet limited because of their demanding synthesis condition of vacuum or reducing atmosphere. Herein, we synthesize a new serial oxychlorides of La 9 W 6 O 30 Cl (LWOC) and Er3+/Yb3+, Ho3+/Yb3+, Tm3+/Yb3+ doped LWOC through molten salt shielding method (MSS) in air, which is more efficient compared to the traditional method in vacuum. The compound of LWOC crystallizes in the tetragonal system space group P 4 2 / nmc (No. 137) with cell parameters a = b = 10.0445(1) Å, c = 12.6826(4) Å, V = 1279.57(5) Å3 and Z = 11. The asymmetric unit of LWOC includes three La atoms, one unique W atom, two disordered W atoms with occupancy factors of 0.16(5) and 0.84(5), respectively, one Cl atom and six O atoms. Under the excitation of 980 nm laser, all the Er3+/Yb3+, Ho3+/Yb3+ and Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped LWOC phosphors have excellent upconversion (UC) luminescence with bright visible light emission. A fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) type temperature sensor is developed by using LWOC: Er3+, Yb3+ phosphor as sensing media, which has a maximum relative temperature sensitivity (S r) of 0.90 % K−1 at 300 K. • Oxychloride crystals were synthesized in air by molten salt shielding (MSS) method for the first time. • The effect of oxygen defect on crystal color is explained. • An optical temperature sensing device that can work in real environment is prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor regulating metabolic homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the role of AMPK in response to human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) infection. We show that HHV-6A infection significantly downregulates the active phosphorylated state of AMPK in infected T cells. Pharmacological activation of AMPK highly attenuated HHV-6A propagation. Mechanistically, we found that the activation of AMPK by AICAR blocked HHV-6-induced glycolysis by inhibiting glucose metabolism and lactate secretion, as well as decreasing expressions of key glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes. In addition, mTOR signaling has been inactivated in HHV-6A infected T cells by AICAR treatment. We also showed that HHV-6A infection of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) reduced AMPK activity whereas the activation of AMPK by metformin drastically reduced HHV-6A DNA replication and virions production. Taken together, this study demonstrates that AMPK is a promising antiviral therapeutic target against HHV-6A infection. • HHV-6A infection inhibits AMPK activity in infected T cells. • Pharmacological activation of AMPK reduces HHV-6A replication. • Activation of AMPK by AICAR blocks HHV-6-induced glycolysis and mTOR signaling. • AMPK is a promising antiviral therapeutic target against HHV-6A infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlling particle size presented challenges during cold pavement reclaiming machine operation. The entire milling rotor was investigated to overcome the limitations of single-tool research. Firstly, the discrete element method was employed to construct a model of milling particles and old-asphalt-pavement. Secondly, a multi-cutter rotor milling pavement model was established through complete factorial testing, exploring the influence of operating parameters on performance and particle size. Finally, a cold pavement reclaiming machine performance prediction system was developed. Results demonstrated that matched moving and rotor speeds effectively regulated particle size. For instance, at a milling depth of 80 mm, setting the rotor speed to 2.5 r/s and moving speed to 0.25 m/s was recommended. Furthermore, the prediction system precisely estimated particle bonding ratio, mixing flow rate, and average torque, with average prediction errors of 6.1%, 3.5%, and 9.4%, respectively. It effectively forecasted particle size when particle bonding ratio ranged from 10% to 25%. [Display omitted] • A project-consistent constitutive model for old asphalt pavement was developed. • A pavement model featuring a multi-cutter milling rotor was established. • The correlation between particle size and CPRM operational parameters was explored. • The optimal operational parameters for CPRM were determined. • Better particle size was achieved within the particle bonding ratio range of 10–25%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional agricultural practices in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain have led to a decrease in groundwater level, coupled with frequent extreme rainfall in recent years, has seriously threatened grain production and sustainability. The objective of this study is to evaluate water footprint, groundwater table, and system productivity through a three-year field experiment that focuses on transitioning from the conventional winter wheat-maize (WM) to winter wheat-soybean (WS) system, while integrating suitable irrigation strategies. Micro-sprinkling irrigation strategies were applied during the winter wheat season, when the soil water content (SWC) of the 40 cm soil layer dropped to 40% of its field capacity (FC). Specifically, W4 treatment irrigated until SWC reached 60% FC at a depth of 40 cm, while the W6 treatment irrigated to SWC reaching 80% FC at a 60 cm depth. In contrast, a rain-fed (W0) treatment served as the control. Field water consumption was simulated using the Water Heat Carbon Nitrogen Simulator (WHCNS) model. The results revealed that the WS system exhibited less variability in evapotranspiration (ETc) compared to WM system, with reductions ranging from 23.6% to 29.1%. Furthermore, the WS system contributed substantially to elevating the groundwater table by 58.4–146.4% while maintaining a higher and more stable annual wheat equivalent yield (WEY) compared to the WM system. The W4 treatment saved 97.9–98.2 mm of irrigation water compared to the W6 treatment, improved water productivity by 10.7–32.1%, and reduced the water footprint by 14.3–25.1%. Transitioning from the traditional WM cropping system to the WS system, and adapting an appropriate irrigation regime (W4) can counterbalance extreme weather impacts on crop yields. This study provides valuable insights into sustainable farming practices, and it may provide a practical framework for striking a balance between groundwater conservation and food security. [Display omitted] • Traditional farming practices declining groundwater, challenges for food production. • Winter wheat-soybean (WS) pattern increase system yield and water productivity. • WS pattern reduced water consumption and water footprint by 27.97% and 41.58%. • WS pattern with W4 irrigation gradient can relieve groundwater depletion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel biomineralized covalent organic framework material (BM-COF) was prepared. • Sulforaphane was separated by magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) with BM-COFs. • BM-COFs were successfully applied to the enrichment and extraction of sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables. • This method has the advantages of simple, efficient and eco-friendly. • The content of sulforaphane was analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. A novel biomimetic mineralized covalent organic framework (BM-COF) was prepared based on magnetic silk fibroin and a new sulforaphane pretreatment technology was constructed. First, metal coordination was performed on the surface of silk fibroin, and nanoparticles were deposited by in-situ mineralization after co-precipitation. Then, biomineralized COFs were prepared by in-situ self-assembly of a COF layer on Fe 3 O 4 @silk fibroin surface guided by interfacial directional growth technology. The BM-COFs had a multilayer structure, large specific surface area and pore volume, and superparamagnetic properties, which make them an ideal adsorbent. The adsorption of sulforaphane by BM-COFs is mainly multi-molecular layer adsorption and chemisorption, there might be electrostatic action, π-stacking and hydrogen bonding in the adsorption process. The composite material was successfully used for the pretreatment of sulforaphane in cruciferous vegetables. An extraction time of 30 min gave extraction efficiencies as high as 92%, and the recovery could reach more than 73%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) senses calcium ion concentrations in vivo and is an important class of drug targets. Mutations in the receptor can lead to disorders of calcium homeostasis, including hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia. Here, 127 CaSR-targeted nanobodies were generated from camels, and four nanobodies with inhibitory function were further identified. Among these nanobodies, NB32 can effectively inhibit the mobilization of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+ i) and suppress the G 12/13 and ERK 1/2 signaling pathways downstream of CaSR. Moreover, it enhanced the inhibitory effect of the calcilytics as a negative allosteric modulator (NAM). We determined the structure of complex and found NB32 bound to LB2 (Ligand-binding 2) domain of CaSR to prevent the interaction of LB2 domains of two protomers to stabilize the inactive state of CaSR. • 127 CaSR-targeting nanobodies were screened from camels. • NB32 effectively inhibit the mobilization of intracellular calcium ions. • NB32 enhanced the inhibitory effect of the calcilytics as a negative allosteric modulator (NAM). • Cryo-EM revealed that NB32 binds to the LB2 domain of CaSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]