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There is a strong interest in using green resources for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs) of industrial and biomedical utility in a way to maintain desired material properties throughout use while not inducing any harmful effects. The use of various plant extracts as reducing, capping, or stabilizing agents is widely attempted in green nanotechnology. However, very little has been explored about incorporating plant extract blends into green NP synthesis routes. Here, we used the combination of tea and olive leaf extracts for the synthesis of silver NPs and evaluated the advantages it provided over both chemical and single-plant-mediated synthesis routes. Four different reducing agents (tannic acid, black tea leaves extract, olive leaves extract and their blend) were used to synthesize silver NPs (Ag NP) from silver nitrate (AgNO 3). The synthesized Ag NP was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and ultraviolet-visible (US-Vis) spectroscopy. The antimicrobial properties of Ag NP were assessed against Escherichia coli (E. Coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) using the colony-forming unit (CFU) assay and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. The cytotoxic potential of Ag NP on human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells was assessed by the WST-1 assay. Results showed that Ag NP synthesized using plant extract mixtures had a primary particle size of 40 nm and were very effective antibacterial agents, with the MIC values ranging from 5 μ g/mL to 10 μ g/mL. While the particle size obtained in chemical synthesis was slightly lower, the resultant Ag NP did not serve as an effective antibacterial agents at low doses. Further understanding of how best to integrate extracts of different plants into green NP synthesis routes will enable wider and safer biomedical applications. The mixture of olive and black tea leaf extracts was used to produce silver nanoparticles. Their antibacterial performance and cytotoxic potential were compared to those synthesized through chemical or single-plant-mediated routes. We demonstrated how alterations in fabrication methods would change nanoparticle properties that are critical in determining their functionality and biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, hydrogels were synthesized using Prunus persica ev. Bayramiç Beyazı extract as a crosslinker. N-3-(Dimethylamino)propyl methacrylamide (DMAPMA) and 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomers were used in hydrogels synthesized by redox polymerization. Hydrogel@Ag composites were created by synthesizing Ag0 nanoparticles within hydrogel network structures cross-linked with plant extract using an in-situ green synthesis method. These hydrogels and composites were characterized by swelling, FTIR, TEM, XRD, TGA methods. The synthesized hydrogels and hydrogel@Ag composites were loaded with Naproxen and Cefazolin drugs. The in-vitro drug release profiles of the hydrogels were examined in a pH = 5.5 and PBS environment, and it was determined that approximately 75% of the drugs were released within 5 h. The release kinetics model for the hydrogels was the Higuchi model, followed by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Ag0 nanoparticle encapsulation significantly affected the degree of swelling. The hydrogel cross-linked with MBA showed a swelling capacity of 370.16% by mass, while the hydrogel cross-linked with fruit extract exhibited a swelling capacity of 1000.78% by mass. The silver-encapsulated hydrogel demonstrated an even higher swelling capacity of 2313% by mass. Additionally, antibacterial tests against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis microorganisms, showed that Ag-free hydrogels did not exhibit antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a further scale-up trial from the previously reported process optimization study on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Indonesian medicinal plant extracts. The present study utilized Phyllanthus niruri (PN) herb extracts, Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) leaf extracts, and Curcuma longa (CL) rhizome extracts as reducing agents to synthesize AgNPs on a larger scale. Upscaling increased the synthesis volume (from 100 mL to 1000 mL) and the centrifugation volume (from 1 mL to 40 mL) at various durations at 70°C for 60 min. The results showed that the minimum centrifugation duration to obtain optimal AgNPs was 5 minutes. The formation AgNPs were then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size and zeta potential analyzer, and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results showed the spherical silver nanoparticles with an average particle size (MI) of 169 nm (PN), 179.1 nm (OS), and 623 nm (CL), polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.2202 (PN), 0.2579 (OS), and 0.00872 (CL) and the face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure. The green synthesis method using PN and OS extracts proved effective, environmentally friendly, safe, and cost-effective for the synthesis of AgNPs. The findings of this study have the potential to provide a green synthesis method for the production of AgNPs on a larger scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts from Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi were utilized to green-synthesize silver nanoparticles (Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs). The Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs were characterized by spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was studied against bacteria strains, utilizing the microdilution assay. The DPPH and H2O2 assays were considered to assess the antioxidant activity of AgNPs. The results revealed that Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs exhibit an average diameter of 39.9, 111, and 42 nm, respectively. The calculated ζ-potential of Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs were −20.5, −10.6, and −7.9 mV, respectively. The UV-vis analysis of the three samples demonstrated characteristic absorption bands within the range of 350–450 nm, which confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The FTIR analysis of AgNPs exhibited a series of bands from 3500 to 750 cm−1, related to the presence of extracts on their surfaces. SEM observations unveiled that Kf1- and Kf2-AgNPs adopted structural arrangements related to nano-popcorns and nanoflowers, whereas Kf3-AgNPs were spherical in shape. It was determined that treatment with Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs was demonstrated to inhibit the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa in a dose-dependent manner (50–300 μg/mL). Within the same range, treatment with Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs decreased the generation of DPPH (IC50 57.02–2.09 μg/mL) and H2O2 (IC50 3.15–3.45 μg/mL) radicals. This study highlights the importance of using inorganic nanomaterials to improve the biological performance of plant extracts as an efficient nanotechnological approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to analyze the influence of selected plants on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Six plants were chosen for the experiment, from which extracts were prepared: maclura fruit, spruce and ginkgo needles, green algae (Ch. kessleri), and mushrooms, namely Collybia nuda, and Macrolepiota procera. The composition of the extracts and colloids after preparation of the nanoparticles was analyzed using FTIR analysis. The composition of the extracts affected not only the rate of the synthesis but also the shape of the nanoparticles. TEM analysis confirmed the synthesis of mainly spherical nanoparticles (size range: 10–25 nm). However, triangular prisms and polyhedral nanoparticles synthesized by the extracts containing mainly flavonoids, terpenes, and phenols (the main compounds of resins) were also confirmed. EDS analysis was used to analyze the composition of the nanoparticles. It was proven that by choosing the right plant extract and using the appropriate technology with extract treatment, it is possible to prepare nanoparticles of different shapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study defined a facile, inexpensive, and benign method to fabricate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Tradescantia pallidum var. purpurea aqueous leaves extract for the first time. A UV–vis spectrum showed that the evaluated extract was promising for green synthesis of the SNP, with the highest peak of absorption between 450 and 550 nm. The phytochemicals present in the plant extract acts as capping and stabilization agent were confirmed by FTIR analysis. EDX proved the presence of Ag while SEM confirmed the AgNPs with the spherical shape. TEM revealed the average particle size was 23 nm. Additionally, AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity and turbidimetry analysis showed MIC and MBC was in range of 25–100 µg/mL against both Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria in Luria Bertani broth cultures. The AgNPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, with a ZOI of 12 ± 0.25 mm produced against BacillusB subtilis showed the largest zones of inhibition, which were greater than the positive control (cefotaxime). The MIC values were 50 µg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 25 µg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and 100 µg/mL for B. subtilis, confirming their significant antibacterial action. AgNPs inhibited the DDPH free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 = 91.87 µg/mL. It is believed that these AgNPs play a crucial role in determining the therapeutic potential of T. pallida due to their biological efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanobiotechnology has achieved great advances in the field of scientific research in past years. Nanoparticles (NPs) with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 nm are the focus of nanotechnology. Green synthesis of encapsulated silver nanoparticles (eAgNPs) was carried out by using Solidago virgaurea L. (SvL) and Tussilago farfara L. (TfL) extract as reducing/protecting agent. An UV–vis spectrophotometer was used to determine the optimal conditions to produce eAgNPs from plant extracts, including pH, temperature, plant extract, and mixing times. The optimal conditions for AgNPs synthesis from the SvL plant and TfL plant were (1:1) extract-AgNO3, 24 h mixing time, and a temperature of 25 °C. SEM, TEM, FTIR, and UV–Vis Spectrophotometer analyses were carried out to ascertain the surface characterization and structural properties of eAgNPs and the nanofibrous mats' physicochemical characteristics. The results of the analysis revealed that the eAgNPs are nanosized and contain silver. eAgNPs-doped nanofiber production from polylactide acid (PLA) polymer was realized by electrospin method. The required production parameters for the electrospinning method of producing PLA-based nanofibers were investigated. Nanofiber was produced by combining 0.5 and 1% AgNPs in an 8% PLA solution. The biological effects of the developed PLA@eAgNPs nanofibrous mats were examined in vitro. The antibacterial activity of nanofibers against E. coli was determined using the agar diffusion method. eAgNPs and PLA-based nanostructured materials are suggested as bioactive coatings capable of preventing the development of microbial population on surfaces relevant to healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are gaining increasing attention in biomedical applications due to their unique properties. Green synthesis methods are environmentally friendly and have demonstrated potential for AgNP production. This study explores the green synthesis of AgNPs using the methanolic extract of Euphorbia milii, a plant known for its medicinal properties. The primary objectives of this research were to synthesize AgNPs using E. milii extract, characterize the nanoparticles (NPs) using various techniques, and evaluate their antibacterial and enzyme inhibitory activities. Methods: E. milii plant extract was utilized for the green synthesis of AgNPs. The characterization of the NPs was performed through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Antibacterial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, while enzyme inhibitory assays were conducted against urease, α-glucosidase, carbonic anhydrase II, and xanthine oxidase. Results: The synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial effects, with a remarkable 20-mm zone of inhibition against S. aureus, surpassing the efficacy of the plant extract alone. Furthermore, the AgNPs demonstrated remarkable enzyme inhibition, achieving impressive percentages of 77.98% against α-glucosidase and 88.54% against carbonic anhydrase II. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration values for enzyme inhibition were highly promising, including 78.09 ± 1.98 µM for α-glucosidase, 0.22 ± 0.10 µM for carbonic anhydrase II, and 7.11 ± 0.55 µM for xanthine oxidase. Conclusion: In this study, AgNPs were successfully synthesized using E. milii extract and characterized using various techniques. The AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial and enzyme-inhibitory activities, showcasing their potential for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess tremendous promise for diverse applications due to their versatile characteristics. Coriander and other plant extracts have become popular for greenly synthesizing AgNPs as an economical, biocompatible, cost-effective, and environmentally beneficial alternative to chemical processes. In this study, we synthesized AgNPs from coriander leaves and evaluated their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing acceleration properties in comparison to chemically synthesized AgNPs. The zeta potentials of AgNPs extracted from green and chemical processes were −32.4 mV and −23.4 mV, respectively. TEM images showed a cuboidal shape of green and chemical AgNPs with a diameter of approximately 100 nm. The FTIR spectra of green AgNPs showed an extreme absorption peak at 3401 cm−1, which signifies O-H stretching vibrations, typically linked to hydroxyl groups. In vitro results elaborated that AgNPs from coriander exerted a stronger effect on anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) through interrupting cell integrity, generating ROS, depleting ATP, and exhibiting significant antioxidant activity, compared with AgNPs synthesized chemically. In vivo experiments showed that AgNPs from coriander, as opposed to chemically manufactured AgNPs, greatly accelerated the healing of wounds contaminated with Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria by effectively eliminating the bacteria on the wounds and stimulating skin regeneration and the deposition of dense collagen. In vivo assays further demonstrated that green AgNPs effectively enhanced Klebsiella pneumoniae-infected wound healing by extenuating local inflammatory responses and up-regulating VEGF and CD31 expression. In conclusion, green AgNPs significantly alleviated the inflammation without significantly harming the organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research, Livistona chinensis leaf extracts were utilized as reductants to bio-fabricate silver nanoparticles (LC-AgNPs) and this was followed by the evaluation of their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer potential. Multiple parameters were optimized for the formation and fidelity of LC-AgNPs. The color shift of the reaction mixture from yellow to dark brown confirmed the LC-AgNPs formation. UV/VIS spectroscopy exhibited a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 436 nm. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy spectrum depicted phytochemicals in the plant extract acting as bio-reducers for LC-AgNPs synthesis. The XRD pattern confirmed the presence of LC-AgNPs by showing peaks corresponding to 2θ angle at 8.24° (111), 38.16° (200), 44.20° (220), and 64.72° (311). Zetasizer analysis exhibited size distribution by intensity of LC-AgNPs with a mean value of 255.7 d. nm. Moreover, the zeta potential indicated that the AgNPs synthesized were stable. The irregular shape of LC-AgNPs with a mean average of 38.46 ± 0.26 nm was found by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of LC-AgNPs was examined using a DPPH assay and was calculated to be higher in LC-AgNPs than in leaf extracts. The calculated IC50 values of the LC-AgNPs and plant extract are 85.01 ± 0.17 and 209.44 ± 0.24, respectively. The antibacterial activity of LC-AgNPs was investigated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis as well as Staphylococcus aureus, and maximum potential was observed after 24 h against P. aeruginosa. Moreover, LC-AgNPs exhibited maximum anticancer potential against TPC1 cell lines compared to the plant extract. The findings suggested that LC-AgNPs could be used as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer agents for the cure of free-radical-oriented bacterial and oncogenic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted substantial interest and achievement due to their environmental friendliness, ease of manipulation, and potential for large-scale production. By using aqueous Camellia sinensis leaf extract, suspensions of AgNPs, which possess photocatalytic and biological activity, were successfully synthesized in this study. The reduction of silver ions to AgNPs was visually inspected via the colour of the reaction mixture, which was altered from pale yellow to reddish brown. The methods of characterization of the as-synthesized AgNPs were performed using Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The surface plasmon resonance bands of AgNPs at 420-430 nm in UV-Vis spectra indicated the presence of silver particles at the nanoscale. The size of AgNPs was determined by DLS, ranging from 25 nm to 40 nm. XRD analysis showed that AgNPs were highly pure and crystalline. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively, was demonstrated by the disc diffusion method. The examination of the photocatalytic activity of AgNPs was conducted through methylene blue (MB) degrading experiments, and the MB degrading performance was approximately 95% within 72 h under sunlight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much attention has been gained on green silver nanoparticles (green-AgNPs) in the medical field due to their remarkable effects against multi-drug resistant (MDR) microorganisms and targeted cancer treatment. In the current study, we demonstrated a simple and environment-friendly (i.e., green) AgNP synthesis utilizing Jacobaea maritima aqueous leaf extract. This leaf is well-known for its medicinal properties and acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Nanoparticle preparation with the desired size and shape was controlled by distinct parameters; for instance, temperature, extract concentration of salt, and pH. The characterization of biosynthesized AgNPs was performed by the UV-spectroscopy technique, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared. The successful formation of AgNPs was confirmed by a surface plasmon resonance at 422 nm using UV-visible spectroscopy and color change observation with a particle size of 37± 10 nm and a zeta potential of −10.9 ± 2.3 mV. SEM further confirmed the spherical size and shape of AgNPs with a size varying from 28 to 52 nm. Antibacterial activity of the AgNPs was confirmed against all Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial reference and MDR strains that were used in different inhibitory rates, and the highest effect was on the E-coli reference strain (MIC = 25 μg/mL). The anticancer study of AgNPs exhibited an IC50 of 1.37 μg/mL and 1.98 μg/mL against MCF-7 (breast cancer cells) and A549 (lung cancer cells), respectively. Therefore, this green synthesis of AgNPs could have a potential clinical application, and further in vivo study is required to assess their safety and efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ancient, human used silver and silver salts but silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have recently been found to be accepted as the result of green synthesis. Now a day, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become extremely popular in the field of the sensor due to their remarkable and significant optical, chemical, and electrical properties. In this paper, we have reported the green and reasonably priced synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acacia confusa leaf extract which acts as both capping as well as reducing agents. The optical sensing and morphology of the as prepared AgNPs were determined using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The sensing of Hg2+ ion through colorimetric and optical have been studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy as well as the naked eye. Moreover, the SEM analysis showed that the volume of the extract had no considerable effect on the morphology except for size. The colorimetric and optical sensing study revealed that the as-synthesized AgNPs exhibited a good response with colorimetric and optical sensing activity specifically towards the toxic Hg2+ ion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of plant extracts to produce metal particles at the nanoscale has attracted intensive research interest due to their cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. This study aimed to investigate the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs(using aqueous extracts of Silybum marianum L. and Portulaca oleracea L. and to assess their effectiveness as antibacterial and antifungal agents using the agar-well diffusion method. The production of AgNPs was confirmed through spectrophotometry, and their size and shape were measured using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The role of organic compounds in nanoparticle synthesis was also explored through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR analysis identified the functional groups of organic compounds in S. marianum and P. oleracea extracts that were responsible for reducing Ag ions and capping the resulting AgNPs. The nanoparticles demonstrated potent antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Fusarium graminearum, and Alternaria alternata. It was concluded that, in addition to their unique medicinal properties, S. marianum and P. oleracea can be utilized in the production of AgNP for medical and pharmaceutical purposes against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungal infections. In summary, the seed extracts of S. marianum and P. oleracea, which are among the available plant sources, can be used for the highly stable production of AgNPs as a reducing and capping agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific society is exploiting the use of nanoparticles in nano-medicine and biomedical applications. In the field of biomaterial and bio-nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are playing an important role due to their potential physical, chemical, and biological properties ranging in activities from antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anticancer treatment. Green synthesis technology is one of the most cost-effective, eco-friendly, and biologically safe methods. Green tea leaf extract can reduce silver to AgNPs and enhance antibacterial activity. In this work, we demonstrate the antibacterial activity effect employing green synthesis of AgNPs with green tea leaf extract. The UV–Vis and FTIR results showed, confirming the formation of AgNPs and the presence of chemical groups enhancing the antibacterial activity of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs with green tea leaf extract were crystalline with a quasi-spherical shape with a diameter from 30 to 150 nm. The antibacterial activity of the AgNPs in three different concentrations showed that the 120 mg/ml sample possesses higher antibacterial activity (significantly high killing ability) against E. coli than chemically produced AgNPs. These results confirm a more significant antibacterial effect of the biogenic AgNPs with low cytotoxicity than the AgNPs produced chemically. These findings can be used to treat chronic infections, diseases, and other biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts as reducing agents is an environmental friendly and cost-effective approach. This study aims to provide a detailed overview on the antioxidant, antimetastatic and apoptotic potential of leaf derived (L-AgNPs) and callus derived (C-AgNPs) silver nanoparticles of Hyptis suaveolens. The IC50 value of L-AgNPs was found to be 74.22 µg/ml and for C-AgNPs it was 74.66 µg/ml. Antimetastatic potential of both L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs were tested on MDA-MB-231 cell line. Both IC50 concentrations of L-AgNPs (74.22 µg/ml) and maximum concentration of 100 µg/ml was used for all the tests conducted. Similar procedure was adopted for C-AgNPs as well. The maximum adhesion inhibition was 75.64% while cellular invasion reduction was 72.66% and wound recovery was 49.61% with respect to L-AgNPs. C-AgNPs also showed similar type of results as L-AgNPs when compared to control. The antioxidant potential of L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs was tested by using DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity and reducing power. The L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs showed highest antioxidant potential when compared to control. [Display omitted] • Green synthesis of AgNPs and its characterization. • L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs exhibited maximum antioxidant potential. • L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs significantly reduced cellular adhesion and invasion. • L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs inhibited the cell migration. • L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs increased TUNEL positive cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature- and plant-based and green-synthesized nanosilver-modified polymer nanocomposite films containing plant extracts that are not harmful to the environment and human health were produced. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out using extracts of Hemp seeds, St. John's Wort, Rosemary and Cherry Laurel plants, and these extracts were used in polymer nanocomposite. Nanocomposite films were produced by using PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) which is the most widely used and biodegradable material in the formation of biomaterials as a matrix material. The casting method was used for the production of the films. SEM/EDS methods were used to examine the morphological properties of the produced films and to analyze the size and distribution of AgNPs in the nanocomposite films. SEM studies have shown that AgNPs with spherical morphologies in a size range of 55 to 293 nm can be produced by green synthesis. XRD analysis showed (111), (200) and (202) Bragg's reflections of the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure of silver. AgNPs–Hemp–St. John's Wort nanocomposite film was the sample with the highest Shore-D hardness with a value of 49.7. Shore-D hardness and water absorption capacity tests of the produced nanocomposites were determined to be 1.86 and 1.24 times higher than the reference samples, respectively. According to antibacterial test results, films with AgNPs are much more resistant to bacterial growth than films with plant extract-added and neat films. The present study shows the importance of green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles for industrial and health applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles from plant extracts is of great interest because it is inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and suitable for large-scale production compared to other synthesis methods. In this study, it was aimed to perform the synthesis and characterization of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by using Catharantus roseus (C. roseus) extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent and to evaluate their toxic effects against a healthy human cell line. The synthesis of Ag NPs were successfully carried out using the extract of C. roseus. By using FTIR, XRD, UV-Vis, and TEM analysis, the synthesized Ag NPs were characterized. According to XRD and TEM analysis results, it was observed that the average diameter of the synthesized Ag NPs was 16 ± 6 nm and its shape was a face-centered cubic (fcc). In addition, the toxic effects of biologically synthesized Ag NPs against a human healthy cell line (L929) were investigated in the study and the half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) was found to be 2.909 µL/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted many researchers due to their physical, chemical, optical, and biological properties, embracing a range of activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. The purpose of this work is to synthesize and characterize AgNPs using Argyreia nervosa (AN) plant leaf extract, as well as to test their antimicrobial applications. In this work, silver nitrate (AgNO3) at 0.1 mM concentration and stable AgNPs were synthesized and observed by monitoring the color change of the solution from light yellow to brown. The UV–Vis spectrum shows a peak at 445 nm, confirming the formation of AN-AgNPs and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results confirm the presence of chemical groups which act as reducing agents stabilizing the AN-AgNPs and antimicrobial capping agents enhancing antimicrobial properties of AN-AgNPs. The crystalline behavior of these AN-AgNPs is confirmed through X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) peaks. The morphology of AN-AgNPs and their sizes were studied (sizes range from 10 to 40 nm) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The disk diffusion assay shows the antimicrobial activity over Escherichia coli pathogenic microorganisms of clinical interest. The obtained results confirm a more significant antimicrobial effect of the biogenic AN-AgNPs maintaining low cytotoxicity. This work presents a potential way to produce non-toxic biogenic AgNPs with enhanced antibacterial activity, which can meet the increasing global demand for biogenic AgNPs as an alternative to antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducts green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pistacia palaestina fruit extract and studies the effects of the fabrication conditions on the size of fabricated nanoparticles during the synthesis process and the evaluation of its wound healing activity in vivo. Methods: P. palaestina extract has been used to reduce silver nitrate solution to AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The fabricated AgNPs were prepared as an ointment (1% w/w) and evaluated for wound healing activity using an incision wound model on rats. The time of healing was determined and compared with a positive control (gentamicin ointment 0.1%) and a negative control. Results: The fabricated AgNPs have a dark brown color, and their absorption peak was at 430 nm. The obtained particles have an average diameter of 36 nm by SEM, 55.64 nm by DLS, and 100 nm by AFM. AFM and SEM images confirmed the spherical shape of prepared AgNPs. The optimal formula for preparing AgNPs was by using fruit extract (pH 7) at a ratio of (1:9) at 35°C for 24 h. The prepared AgNPs ointment (1%) accelerated wound healing compared to a negative control group, as the time of healing was 9 ± 1.41, 12 ± 1.73, and 17 ± 2.00 days, respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that P. palaestina extract can be utilized for fabricating AgNPs without any additions, and they have wound healing effect in experimental rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold and silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles that have been widely used in various fields and have shown good benefits. The method of nanoparticle biosynthesis utilizing plant extracts, also known as green synthesis, has become a promising method considering the advantages it has compared to other synthesis methods. This review aims to give an overview of the phytochemical compounds in plants used in the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles, the nanoparticle properties produced using plant extracts based on the concentration and structure of phytochemical compounds, and their applications. Phytochemical compounds play an important role as reducing agents and stabilizers in the stages of the synthesis of nanoparticles. Polyphenol compounds, reducing sugars, and proteins are the main phytochemical compounds that are responsible for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. The concentration of phytochemical compounds affects the physical properties, stability, and activity of nanoparticles. This is important to know to be able to overcome limitations in controlling the physical properties of the nanoparticles produced. Based on structure, the phytochemical compounds that have ortho-substituted hydroxyl result in a smaller size and well-defined shape, which can lead to greater activity and stability. Furthermore, the optimal condition of the biosynthesis process is required to gain a successful reaction that includes setting the metal ion concentration, temperature, reaction time, and pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technology has become a wide range of demand nowadays, it has become very important to synthesised the various nanoparticles. This review mainly focuses on the applications of silver nanoparticles, synthesised through microwave and this shows the various applications in the field of pharma as well as in medical sciences. AgNPs have been investigated by various researchers due to its unique properties, electronic and chemical properties. The AgNPs is one of the inorganic nano- material and gives various applications like antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic, bone healing property, nematicidal and anthelmintic activity, in water treatment, antiviral activity and also used as sensors and it has many advantages in every field and can be synthesised easily by using plant parts extract which will give different size, shape, structure and activity of Silver nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, green synthesis of silver-nanoparticle (AgNPs) is demonstrated using plant extract of Vitex negundo. Plant extract through six different solvents, including petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, acetone, methanol, and water, was prepared and further investigated for its antimicrobial and antifungal activities using different bacterial and fungal strains. The phytochemical analysis was performed, where saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids and glycosides were detected in acetone, chloroform and methanolic extract. Subsequent analysis of synthesized AgNPs through dynamic light scattering suggested that particle sizes were 10-300 nm in size. The study indicated that the chloroform, acetone, and methanol extracts of Vitex negundo showed good inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis based on the zone of inhibition. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized AgNPs suggested that it can inhibit the growth of both gram +ve and gram -ve microorganisms. The MIC value of AgNPs of methanolic extract of V. negundo detected was 0.078 mg/mL, which was relatively lower than that of the MIC value of its crude extract (1.25mg/mL). The observed MIC values concluded that the synthesized AgNPs had better antimicrobial activity and could be necessary for various applications, including medicine, biology, and industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to the data, AgNPs are being utilized more frequently for industrial, consumer, medical, food, and health care reasons as well as for other purposes due to their unique physical and chemical characteristics. Despite NPs' benefits, a variety of issues have increased the risk of toxicity in both people and animals. Objective: main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of AgNPs produced using a green technique from plant extract (Borago officinalis) on the reproductive system (testis). Methods: Borago officinalis flower extracts are used as reducing agents and stabilizing agents in the production of silver nanoparticles, which is an environmentally beneficial process. 40 adult male rats are separated into 4 equally sized groups. The groups were given distilled water treatment, oral plant extract (5 mg/kg), and intraperitoneal injections of AgNPs 30, 50 mg/kg After 35 days, we evaluated the changes in the tissue of the testis. How were the four groups divided? Results: The results showed that AgNPs significantly increased MDA levels in animal groups treated with various AgNP concentrations as compared to control groups treated only with Borage extract. Additionally, Testosterone levels in animals treated with Borage extract decreased non-significantly as compared to the control group, which experienced a significant decline in testosterone when treated with various AgNP concentrations. Conclusion: despite being made from plant extract, AgNPs have a detrimental effect on the male reproductive system by changing the testicular functions, particularly the production of testosterone, in contrast to the benign nature of the crude Borage flower extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver oxide nanoparticles exhibit distinctive material and biotic properties that contain passionate research impact as vital applications in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, paper and textile industries. The goal of the current task is to synthesize AgNPs through a facile, low-cost, environmentally friendly route. In this method, we use the aqueous leaf extract of Scoparia dulcis Linn, found in the Western Ghats region, because the use of an aqueous medium is critical for reducing time and minimizing the possibility of side effects. The synthesized Ag nanoparticles were evaluated using UV-Visible, FTIR technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EADX, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Results confirmed that UV-visible spectroscopic analysis showed the absorbance peak at 460 nm, which implies the formation of silver nanoparticles. The FTIR spectrum aimed to such that biomolecules involved in wrapping and binding AgNPs synthesized by the plant extract. SEM and TEM are used to visualize the size and shape of nanoparticles. The XRD analysis revealed spherical structures with an average grain size of 21nm and a diameter range of 2 to 20nm. The EDAX study also exhibits the presence of 86.34 % Silver and 13.6 % Oxygen. Alzheimer's disease symptoms were controlled with a drug known as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. The in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the AgNPs from Scoparia dulcis plant extract was evaluated using an Ellman's test with an IC50 value of 149µg/ml. The generated nanoparticles significantly inhibit AChE. The SD-AgNPs were examined for antioxidant activity via the DPPH and ABTS assays having IC50 values of 73.29μg/ml and 55.29μg/ml, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antimicrobial activity and biological efficiency of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) have been widely described and can be modeled through stabilizing and reducing agents, especially if they exhibit biocidal properties, which can enhance bioactivity against pathogens. The selective action of AgNps remains a major concern. In this regard, the use of plant extracts for the green synthesis of nanoparticles offers advantages because it improves the toxicity of Nps for microorganisms and is harmless to normal cells. However, biological evaluations of the activity of AgNps synthesized using different reducing agents are determined independently, and comparisons are frequently overlooked. Thus, we investigated and compared the antifungal and cytotoxic effects of two ecological AgNps synthesized from Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract (AgNp-M) and glucose (AgNp-G) against azole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida spp. and nontumor mammalian cells. Synthesized AgNps exhibited an antifungal effect on planktonic cells of drug-resistant C. albicans and C. tropicalis (MIC 0.21–52.6 µg/mL). The toxicity was influenced by size. However, the use of M. oleifera extracts allows us to obtain AgNps that are highly selective and nongenotoxic to Vero cells due to modifications of the shape and surface. Therefore, these results suggest that AgNp-M has antimicrobial potential and deserves further investigation for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algal-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is an eco-friendly alternative for producing NPs with potent physicochemical and biological properties. Microalgae represent an ideal bio-nanofactory because they contain several biomolecules acting as passivation and stabilising agents during the biogenesis of NPs. Herein, a novel microalgae sp. was isolated, purified, and identified using light and electron microscopy and 18s rRNA sequencing. The chemical components of their watery extract were assessed using GC-MS. Their dried biomass was used to synthesise silver (Ag) NPs with different optimisation parameters. Ag-NPs were physiochemically characterised, and their anticancer and antibacterial effects were examined. The data showed that the isolated strain was 99% similar to the unicellular ulvophyte sp. MBIC10591; it was ellipsoidal to spherical and had a large cup-shaped spongiomorph chloroplast. The optimum parameters for synthesising Ag-NPs by unicellular ulvophyte sp. MBIC10591 (Uv@Ag-NPs) were as follows: mixture of 1 mM of AgNO3 with an equal volume of algal extract, 100 °C for 1 h, and pH of 7 under illumination for 24 h. TEM, HRTEM, and SEM revealed that Uv@Ag-NPs are cubic to spherical, with an average nanosize of 12.1 ± 1.2 nm. EDx and mapping analysis showed that the sample had 79% of Ag, while FTIR revealed the existence of several functional groups on the NP surface derivatives from the algal extract. The Uv@Ag-NPs had a hydrodynamic diameter of 178.1 nm and a potential charge of −26.7 mV and showed marked antiproliferative activity against PC3, MDA-MB-231, T47D, and MCF-7, with IC50 values of 27.4, 20.3, 23.8, and 40 µg/mL, respectively, and moderate toxicity against HFs (IC50 of 13.3 µg/mL). Uv@Ag-NPs also showed marked biocidal activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli was the most sensitive bacteria to the NPs with an inhibition zone of 18.9 ± 0.03 mm. The current study reports, for the first time, the morphological appearance of the novel unicellular ulvophyte sp., MBIC10591, and its chemical composition and potential to synthesise Uv@Ag-NPs with smaller sizes and high stability to act as anti-tumour and microbial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the anti-proliferative and apoptotic potential of Tabebuia roseo-alba in lung cancer was assessed. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of T. roseo-alba were synthesized using an ethanolic extract and characterized by adopting various parameters. Herein, the eco-friendly, cost-effective, and green synthesis of AgNPs was evaluated using an ethanolic extract of T. roseo-alba. The as-synthesized AgNPs were then characterized using various characterization techniques, such as UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The AgNPs are crystalline, spherical, and highly stable AgNPs of varying sizes in the range of 5–20 nm. The anticancer activity of the ethanolic extract of T. roseo-alba and its AgNPs was determined using an MTT assay. The results indicated that, although both samples showed prominent anti-proliferative activity on lung cancer cell lines, the AgNPs of T. roseo-alba were found to be more potent than the ethanolic extract. Further, apoptosis induction ability was evaluated by FITC Annexin V and PI staining, the results of which demonstrated the efficiency of the ethanolic extract of T. roseo-alba and its AgNPs in causing oxidative stress and subsequent cellular death. This was subsequently further confirmed by measuring the mitochondrial membrane potential after staining the cells with JC1. The apoptotic mode of cell death was further confirmed by DNA fragmentation and caspase assays using Western blot analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aloe vera, Mentha arvensis (mint), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), and Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) leaf extracts were used to synthesize stable silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by green chemistry. UV–vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize these biosynthesized nanoparticles. The data indicated that the silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, and the narrower particle size distribution was at 10–22 nm by maintaining a specific pH. As a short-term post-sowing treatment, Ag-NP solutions of different sizes (10 and 50 ppm) were introduced to mung bean seedlings, and the overall increase in plant growth was found to be more pronounced at 50 ppm concentration. The antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs was also investigated by disc diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test. The zones of inhibition (ZOI) were shown by Escherichia coli (E. coli) (1.9, 2.1, 1.7, and 2 mm), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (1.8, 1.7, 1.6, and 1.9 mm), against coriander, mint, Aloe vera, and lemongrass, respectively. MIC and MBC values of E. coli, and S. aureus ranged from 7 to 8 µg/mL. Overall, this study demonstrates that Ag-NPs exhibit a strong antimicrobial activity and thus might be developed as a new type of antimicrobial agent for the treatment of bacterial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized by an environmentally friendly synthesis method using Seseli resinosum Freyn & Sint extract. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet/visible light absorption spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. As a result of the characterization, it was determined that 33 nm spherical nanoparticles were formed, showing a spectrum at ~420 nm wavelength. Silver nanoparticles showed a bacteriocidal effect against all bacterial strains. DPPH and ABTS methods were used to examine the antioxidant activities of plant extracts and AgNPs. In DPPH removal activity, AgNPs obtained by green synthesis provided a high rate of inhibition removal compared to the extract. According to this percentage, while silver nanoparticles provided 22% removal, the extract provided 15% removal. In ABTS removal activity, when AgNPs were obtained by green synthesis compared to the extract, silver nanoparticles provided 25% removal, while the extract provided 18% removal. The characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized by the green synthesis method and their antioxidant activity were investigated, and the obtained values indicate the presence of an antioxidant capacity. In addition, the inhibitory effects of the extract and AgNP on lipoxygenase activity, which has an important place in health, were investigated. It was determined that the aqueous extract of S. resinosum and the AgNP synthesized from the extract had lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using aqueous medical plant extracts as reducing and capping agents show multiple applicability for bacterial problems. The aim of this study was to expand the boundaries on AgNPs using a novel, low-toxicity, and cost-effective alternative and green approach to the biosynthesis of metallic NPs using Calendula officinalis (Calendula) and Hyssopus officinalis (Hyssopus) aqueous extracts. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The effectiveness of biosynthesized AgNPs in quenching free radicals and inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms was supported by in vitro antioxidant activity assay methods and using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test, respectively. The elucidated antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of medical plant extracts were compared with data from the engineered biosynthetic AgNPs. The antimicrobial effect of engineered AgNPs against selected test cultures was found to be substantially stronger than for plant extracts used for their synthesis. The analysis of AgNPs by TEM revealed the presence of spherical-shaped nano-objects. The size distribution of AgNPs was found to be plant-type-dependent. The smaller AgNPs were obtained with Hyssopus extract (with a size range of 16.8 ± 5.8 nm compared to 35.7 ± 4.8 nm from Calendula AgNPs). The AgNPs' presumably inherited biological functions of Hyssopus and Calendula medical plants can provide a platform to combat pathogenic bacteria in the era of multi-drug resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The synthesized silver nanoparticles had strong antibacterial activity against clinical pathogens. • UV- vis spectrophotometric analysis was shown a SPR nearly at 430 nm. • Synthesized Ag-NPs displayed sponge shape. • AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa (13 mm). • The maximum cell inhibition (82%) was observed at a concentration of 100 µg/mL AgNPs and minimal toxic effects to Artemia nauplii. Nanotechnology, a rapidly developing field of research, has several applications in various disciplines of applied science. The eco-friendly synthesis method presented here provides a sustainable alternative to traditional methods that frequently rely on harmful chemicals. Following the synthesis, the antibacterial and anti-cancer properties of the nanoparticles produced through this environmentally-friendly. In the present study, the reducing agents for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were aqueous extracts of the aerial root of Pandanus tectorius. The green synthesized Ag nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM, as well as EDX analysis. Artemia nauplii larvae were used to test the nanoparticles' eco-toxicity, cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, and antibacterial activity using the well diffusion assay. The synthesized Ag-NPs exhibited maximum absorbance in the visible band at 415 nm. In the XRD spectrum of crystalline Ag-NPs, four prominent peaks with 2θ values of 38.12°, 54.14°, 64.18°, and 77.48° are observed. These peaks correspond to the crystallographic planes 111, 200, 220, and 311, respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles SEM-TEM image revealed a spherical shape. EDX spectral peak was found at 3.0 keV. Maximum growth inhibitory activity was noticed against P. aeruginosa (14 mm) through determining the zones of inhibition on disc diffusion method. The studied bacterial strains have demonstrated effective inhibition by these Ag-NPs. In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of Ag-NPs exhibited an IC 50 value of 47.58 μg/mL against HeLa cancer cells. Methylene blue (MB) dye degradation under solar radiation was investigated for its photocatalytic properties. The findings demonstrated that after 120 min in the light, MB deteriorated by 82.6 %. Overall, the results of this investigation suggest that Ag-NPs biosynthesized by P. tectorius may have photocatalytic, antibacterial and anticancer properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: These days, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been given considerable attention and applied in medical technology due to their great antimicrobial and antioxidant features. In the present study, we aimed to synthesize Ag NPs through the reduction of silver nitrate in the presence of Vitex agnus castus L fruit extract. Methods: After collecting fruits, their extract was prepared and added to Ag NO3 to produce Ag NPs. The effect of different parameters like AgNO3 concentration (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 mM), sunlight exposure, and sunlight irradiation time (10, 20, 30, and 40 min) was investigated in the synthesis of Ag NPs. The features of Ag NPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and dynamic light scattering analysis. Moreover, antimicrobial function of Ag NPs was evaluated using Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus bacteria species and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ag NPs against these two pathogens was measured. Results: The results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles had a spherical shape and the range size of 30-60 nm. For the first time, the antimicrobial activity of synthesized Ag NPs of Vitex agnus castus L fruit extract was shown. Conclusions: It can be stated that the biosynthesis of Ag NPs using fruit extract of this plant is an environmentally friendly, economic and harmless method without any use of poisonous substances and no side effects. These Ag NPs can be considered as suitable antibacterial agents and replacements for antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims to explore the antimicrobial and anticancer activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles (B-AgNPs) synthesized using Bael leaf extract. AgNPs nanoparticles characterized using FESEM, TEM, XRD, and UV-Spectrophotometry. TEM analysis revealed that B-AgNPs were predominantly spheroidal with particle size distribution in the range of 7-10 nm. In MTT assay, when B-AgNPs were applied in colon cancer (HCT-116) cells and human colon epithelial cell line (FHC) cells. B-AgNPs exhibited specific cytotoxicity to HCT-116 as minimal effect observed in normal FHC cells. Moreover, the fluorescence microscopic examination after nucleus staining as well as DNA fragmentation also confirmed AgNPs spectific cytotoxicity towards HCT-116. Further, AgNPs demonstrated excellent antibiofilm and antibacterial activity in both Gram-Positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Hence, overall, we categorically concluded that the biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized using Bael leaf extract possess multiple biological activities and might be possibly used as multipurpose therapeutic material with no or little systemic toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, a green synthesis practice has been adopted to fabricate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Justicia adhatoda L. leaf extract (JALE). The phytosynthesized AgNPs present a characteristic SPR peak at 446 nm. Comparative FTIR analyses of JALE and AgNPs revealed the input of phytochemicals in the reduction, capping and stabilisation of J. adhatoda-mediated silver nanoparticles (JA@AgNPs). The crystalline nature and face-centred cubic lattice plane of JA@AgNPs were explained by XRD. SEM and TEM revealed a spherical shape having about ~19 nm mean NPs size. JA@AgNPs displayed significant inhibition potency against DPPH and ABTS free radicals and thus could be convenient in biomedical applications. Furthermore, the green-synthesised JA@AgNPs presented SPR-based colorimetric detection of H2O2 with exceptional sensing, which exhibited its usefulness in accessing reactive oxygen species in biological samples and waterbodies. The bandgap energy of JA@AgNPs was calculated as 3.3 eV, which revealed its semiconductor behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green route is an economic, facile and eco-friendly method, employed for the synthesis of various types of nanoparticles, having it as a starting point biological entity, especially as a plant extract. The present study aims to obtain silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) starting from an ethanolic extract of Populi gemmae (Pg), by adjusting the reaction parameters. The morphological and structural characterization exhibited that both the reaction temperature and the concentration of metal salt, contributes to the obtaining of Pg-AgNPs with adjustable size and shape. The newly synthesized nanoparticles exhibited a good antibacterial activity on Gram-positive bacteria as well as antifungal activity. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of Pg-AgNPs was assessed on two different cancer cell lines (breast cancer cells—MCF7 and lung carcinoma epithelial cells—A549). Results have shown that the green-synthetized Pg-AgNPs_S2 (obtained at 60 °C, using AgNO3 of 5 M) induced a substantial decrease in tumor cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 ranging from 5.03 to 5.07 µg/mL on A549 cell line and 3.24 to 4.93 µg/mL on MCF7 cell line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to investigate the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of the Eragrostis tef (teff or annual bunch grass) and Vitellaria paradoxa (Shea Butter Tree) seeds extract and investigate their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. In order to synthesise the silver nanoparticles, aqueous extract of the plant was prepared and introduced into a 1mM silver nitrate solution. The synthesised AgNPs were characterised using various instrumental techniques including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM). Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) for AgNPs using E. tef and V. paradoxa seeds extract was observed at 40 nm. The synthesised AgNPs of E. tef and V. paradoxa was found with diameter of 12.59- 34.60 nm, 29.05- 83.94 nm respectively. The antibacterial result against the experimental pathogens was found to range from 12-22 mm and from 13-19 mm using AgNPs of E. tef, V.paradoxa seed extracts respectively. In addition the result show that there was clear effect on Acinetobacter baumannii from hospital sewage isolates. Toxic effect of AgNPs against cancer cell were 77.12 (concentration of AgNPs was 75%) of E. tef and 77.23 (concentration of AgNPs was 50%) of V. paradoxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts, widely known as a green synthesis method, has been extensively studied. Nanoparticles produced through this method have applications as antibacterial agents. Bacterial and viral infection can be prevented by use of antibacterial agents such as soap, disinfectants, and hand sanitizer. Silver nanoparticles represent promising hand sanitizer ingredients due to their antibacterial activity and can enable reduced use of alcohol and triclosan. This study employed silver nanoparticles synthesized using Kepok banana peel extract (Musa paradisiaca L.). Nanoparticle effectiveness as a hand sanitizer can be enhanced by coating with a biocompatible polymer such as chitosan. The characterization of silver nanoparticles was conducted using UV-Vis, with an obtained peak at 434.5 nm. SEM-EDX analysis indicated nanoparticles with a spherical morphology. Silver nanoparticles coated with chitosan were characterized through FTIR to verify the attached functional groups. Gel hand sanitizers were produced using silver nanoparticles coated with different chitosan concentrations. Several tests were undertaken to determine the gel characteristics, including pH, syneresis, and antibacterial activity. Syneresis leads to unstable gels, but was found to be inhibited by adding chitosan at a concentration of 2%. Antibacterial activity was found to increase with increase in chitosan concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the antibacterial and antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized with the aqueous plant extract of Acer oblongifolium leaves were defined using a simplistic, environmentally friendly, reliable, and cost-effective method. The aqueous plant extract of Acer oblongifolium, which served as a capping and reducing agent, was used to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles. UV visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the biosynthesized Acer oblongifolium silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus paramycoides and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) were used to test the AgNPs' antibacterial activity. The presence of different functional groups was determined by FTIR. The AgNPs were rod-like in shape. The nanoparticles were more toxic against Escherichiacoli than both Bacillus cereus and Bacillus paramycoides. The AgNPs had IC50 values of 6.22 and 9.43 and mg/mL on HeLa and MCF-7, respectively, proving their comparatively strong potency against MCF-7. This confirmed that silver nanoparticles had strong antibacterial activity and antiproliferative ability against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines. The mathematical modeling revealed that the pure nanoparticle had a high heat-absorbing capacity compared to the mixed nanoparticle. This research demonstrated that the biosynthesized Acer oblongifolium AgNPs could be used as an antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer agent in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports the cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of starch encapsulated phytogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized from Paeonia lactiflora flowers (PLF-AgNPs). To optimize the synthesis of AgNPs, a total of 13 reactions were performed with the different combinations of AgNO3 (1–5 mM), plant extract (5–15% v/v), and light exposure time (0–48 h). The UV-spectrum results indicated that AgNPs were not produced without the light exposure while the light exposure significantly triggered the production of AgNPs. Among the various combination of plant extracts, AgNO3 concentration, and light exposure, only four combinations were successfully formed the AgNPs and they were named as PLF-AgNPs (1:5:48), PLF-AgNPs (3:5:24), PLF-AgNPs (3:15:3.5), and PLF-AgNPs (3:5:3) according to their ratio of AgNO3:plant extract:light exposure time. The physicochemical properties of newly synthesized all the NPs were studied using the various characterization techniques including FTIR, XRD, and FE-TEM, EDS. The encapsulation of the starch was significantly reduced the toxicity of AgNPs in the NIH3T3 cell line and LN229 cell line evidenced by cytotoxicity, AO/EB, and DACF-DA staining assay. Besides, ST-PLF-AgNPs has inhibited the bacterial growth higher than the PLF-AgNPs with MIC of 3.91 ± 0.11, 1.63 ± 0.09, 2.86 ± 0.39, 1.95 ± 0.24 μg/mL for Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica, respectively. The present results proved that encapsulation of the starch reduced the cytotoxicity by increasing the antibacterial activity of ST-PLF-AgNPs, which is deserved for biotherapeutics analysis to treat bacterial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Caralluma adscendens R.Brown var. bicolor was used for the phytosynthesis of nanomaterials. • Both nanoparticles exhibited greater pharmacological activities. • Prepared nanomaterials were characterized using FTIR, HR-TEM, EDX, and UV–Vis analysis. • Both nanoparticles showed higher wound-healing activity than CABL extract based on the MTT assay and fluorescence analysis. Nanomaterials employed in nanomedicine have the potential to function as both diagnostic and therapeutic tools for individuals. Over the past few decades, significant efforts have been made to synthesize a range of metal nanoparticles through the utilization of different plant extracts. Caralluma adscendens R. Brown var. bicolor leaves (CABL) extract was employed in this study as a reducing/capping agent for the synthesis of gold/silver nanoparticles (CABL@AgNPs/CABL@AuNPs) and explore their pharmacological properties. The successful synthesis of CABL@AgNPs and CABL@AuNPs was confirmed through the observation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 439 and 522 nm using ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis). High resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques were employed to evaluate the shape, size, and chemical composition of the as-synthesized CABL@AgNPs and CABL@AuNPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the biomolecules responsible for the reduction of metal ions and the stability of metal nanoparticles generated using plant extract. An evaluation was performed to assess the antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of the prepared aqueous CABL extract, CABL@AgNPs, and CABL@AuNPs through the implementation of the disc diffusion technique. The results demonstrated that CABL@AgNPs exhibited greater efficiency when compared to both CABL extract and CABL@AuNPs. The dose-dependent nature of antimicrobial activities was clearly demonstrated through the results of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory experiments. The wound healing activity of the prepared nanomaterials was evaluated using a variety of techniques, including MTT assay, fluorescence staining test, and in vitro scratch assay. The wound-healing capacity of prepared nanomaterials was evaluated using an in vitro scratch assay with Fibroblast L929 cells. The impact of nanoparticles at the IC 50 concentration range was analysed through a fluorescence staining experiment and MTT assay to determine toxicity levels. The environmentally friendly approach of current study shown that both nanoparticles have the potential to be effective therapeutic agents for treating different illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green synthesis methods by plant extracts leads to production of metal nanoparticles without using harsh, toxic, and expensive chemicals commonly used in physical/chemical processes. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared easily, fast, cost-effectively and successfully using aqueous galls extract of Quercus infectoria (Q. infectoria) as a reducing and capping agent. The results revealed that AgNPs were highly stable and their morphologies were spherical with an average diameter of about 33 nm. The galls extract and AgNPs showed excellent antibacterial activities toward four types of bacteria. The antioxidant ability of galls extract and AgNPs was evaluated by DPPH assay and showed considerable antioxidant potential. Cytotoxic activity of AgNPs was tested by MTT assay. AgNPs exhibited significant anticancer activity against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). AgNPs synthesized by Q. infectoria galls extract with high antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activity would be favorable systems for bacterial disease and cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a successfully rapid, simple approach was applied for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles AgNPs using for the first time the mixed leaves extract of Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris and Pistacia lentiscus from natural association aimed to enhance their antimicrobial potential. The plant extract acts both as reducing and capping agents. When the aqueous extract was added to AgNO3 solution, the color was changed from pale to yellow to brown indicating the reduction of Ag ions and synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) without any solvent or hazardous reagents. The green synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR spectrum and the X-ray crystallography. The AgNPs showed superior antioxidant activity measured by DPPH, Ferric Antioxidant Reducing Power (FRAP) as well as the total antioxidant activity methods. Moreover, the analysis of phytochemical constituents including flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and total polyphenols contents mentioned the most richness of the silver nanoparticles compared to plant extract. The new synthesized AgNPs demonstrated the bactericidal and fungicidal effects against all the tested bacterial and fungal strains and found to limit the spore germination of filamentous fungi. AgNPs also gave an anti-biofilm activity and synergistic effect with the conventional antibiotic's drugs. Here we firstly describe the silver nanoparticles effect on virulence factors of Candida species by reduction of enzymes like proteinase and phospholipase, inhibition of morphogenesis of Candida albicans cells. This natural product, acquiring these properties, should be promoted to be used in pharmaceutical and medical industries in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is the preferred route for the fabrication of biocompatible and cheaper drugs. In this study, the extract and major secondary metabolite from Helichrysum aureonitens, 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone, were used to synthesize silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques confirmed the formation of the nanoparticles. The flavone alone showed higher DPPH radical scavenging ability (IC50 = 487.1 μg mL−1) relative to the control, butylated hydroxytoluene. In addition, silver nanoparticles synthesized using the flavone had higher ferric reducing potential (Fe3+ to Fe2+) compared to the other test samples. The cytotoxic activity of the plant extract, the flavone, and their biosynthesized nanoparticles was also investigated using the MTT assay against the cancerous MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma)), and non-cancerous HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) cell lines. The plant extract decreased the cell viability of A549 (IC50 = 68.6 μg mL−1) without being cytotoxic against HEK293, even at high concentrations. Silver nanoparticles significantly decreased cell viability of A549 and moderately decreased cell viability of MCF-7 but induced cell death of HEK293 even at low concentrations. This study provides a green synthesis route for silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles and confirms the therapeutic effectiveness of H. aureonitens, thereby validating its use in ethnomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallic nanoparticles are important substances in medicine. These particles could be prepared by various ways including green synthesis. The production of silver nanoparticles by plant extracts is widely used because of their environmentally friendly properties. In this study, silver nanoparticles have been synthesized by biological method and Apricot tree (Prunus armeniaca) leaf extract was used as reducing agent. The color change and formation of the characteristic absorption peak at 400-500 nm were the first indications of AgNP formation. XRD analysis showed the crystalline particles and obtained AgNPs were generally in spherical shape with the average particle size of 24 nm. Their antimicrobial activity studies against various pathogenic microorganisms showed that they have strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans were 0.125, 0.125 and 0.250 μg/mL, respectively. The results confirmed that Prunus armeniaca leaf extract could be used to produce AgNPs with efficient antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scientists created a new area known as "green nanotechnology" by combining the concept of sustainability with nanotechnology. Its goal is to eliminate the use of chemicals in nanoparticle manufacturing by replacing them with plant-based materials. Green synthesis is promoted as the best alternative to the traditional method of nanoparticle synthesis in this new domain. Plants that constitute a major portion of our biodiversity are embraced with inherent potentiality to be transformed as miracle medicine due to its phytochemicals. These phytochemicals efficiently replace the classical wet chemical ingredients involved in nanoparticle synthesis by upgrading to greener method for its synthesis. By incorporating plant-based sources as the chief ingredient of nanoparticle synthesis, we are able to reduce the hazards of greenhouse gas emissions and enlighten the insights of our scientific community with nanotechnology for green innovation. Hence, this review simultaneously aims at promoting plant extracts as the most efficient as well as renewable recipe for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and preparing earth for a greener tomorrow. Methodology: Scientific articles and publications were selected from reputed journals and sorted out with pertinent keywords of this review. Electronic sources like Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for potential articles and recent breakthroughs published in the area of silver nanoparticle synthesis via green chemistry and biological methods using plant extracts. Scientific names of medicinal plants were checked using botanical databases like Plant List and International Plant Names Index. Conclusion: This review pinpoints on empowering better life on earth by protecting it from hazardous effects of conventional nanotechnological production through replacing the former with sustainable green synthesis approach. Ergo, it outlines that by incorporating plant-based sources as the chief ingredient of nanoparticle synthesis, we are able to reduce the hazards of greenhouse gas emissions in turn by slowing down increasing climate change disasters globally and enlighten the insights of our scientific community with nanotechnology for green innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, biological activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) synthesized by green synthesis method using the fruit extract of Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) plant were investigated. The characterization of the synthesized AgNPs was performed by ultraviolet visible region spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform - infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The crystal size was found to be 52.32 nm when the XRD data were calculated with the Debye-Scherrer's equation. The antimicrobial activities of extract and AgNPs were investigated by microdilution and disk diffusion methods. Antibiofilm activities were examined by the crystal violet technique. The cytotoxic effects of the extract and AgNPs against MCF-7 (human breast cancer) and HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay. The IC50 values for the HUVEC line were found to be 0.97 mg/mL (AgNP) and 85.24 mg/mL (extract), while the IC50 values for the MCF-7 line were determined as 0.022 µg/mL (AgNP) and 0.021 µg/mL (extract). To our knowledge, this is the first report to comprehensively examine the biological activities of V. opulus L. extract and biosynthetic AgNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) and Sitophilus granarius (L.) are major pests of stored wheat, Triticum aestivum (Linn.) and cause huge economic loss to it. This study aimed to evaluate the toxic and repellent effects of Camelina sativa (L.) extract using green synthesis of silver nanoparticles against O. surinamensis and S. granarius. The bioassays were performed by applying three concentrations (5, 10 and 15%) of C. sativa extract and 200, 300 and 500 ppm in case of silver nanoparticles. Mortality was recorded at 24, 48 and 72 h while repellency was noted after 12, 24, and 36 h of the post-treatment. After 72 h of exposure, the highest concentration of C. sativa extract (15%) caused mortality of 43.1 and 35.2% to O. surinamensis and S. granarius, respectively. In repellency bioassays, the extract of C. sativa caused 37.7 and 30.2% repellency against O. surinamensis and S. granarius after exposure period of 36 h. While the highest mortality of 60.1% was observed against O. surinamensis at highest concentration (500 ppm) of the silver nanoparticles of C. sativa extract compared to S. granarius (46.2%) at same concentration after exposure period of 72 h. Highest repellency (42.7%) was observed against O. surinamensis at 500 ppm of the silver nanoparticles of C. sativa extract compared to S. granarius (36.2%) at same concentration after exposure to 36 h. The results revealed that green synthesized silver nanoparticles from C. sativa extract proved effective and can be used as eco-friendly management strategy of O. surinamensis and S. granarius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of biological system for the nanoparticle synthesis is the current trend in life science research. Use of these biosynthesized nanoparticles for various biological activities is area of interest for many scientists. In this research a wellknown medicinal plant, Andrographis paniculata, which is having an antimicrobial activity is used for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Water extract of leaves of this medicinal plant was used for the reduction of Silver Nitrate for silver nanoparticle synthesis. It was observed that plant extract was quite effective in reduction of silver nitrate and nanoparticle particle synthesis. Nanoparticles synthesized were primarily characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy and FTIR analysis. These nanoparticles then screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity. These particles have shown considerable antimicrobial activity against two most common human bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and also against two most common plant fungal pathogens, Penicillium notatum and Aspergillus niger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The AgNps are synthesized by green strategy using GMMS plant leaf extract (podapathri plant leaves extract). By excretion of microwave irradiation method, the GMMS plant leaf extract which can act as reducing and stabilizing agent. The development of Ag Nanoparticles was primarily confirmed by altering the color from colorless to yellow. The synthesized Ag Nanoparticles are showing positive antibacterial activity against Stayphylococusaureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Basillussubtilisand Escherichia coli bacteria were contemplated. The synthesized AgNps divulge virtual anticancer activity on HeLa cells (A549). The particles are very much isolated from one another and did not display any accumulation; this shows the powerful covering nature of GMMS plant leaf extrication (the Podapathri plant leaves separate). Further incorporated AgNps thoroughly characterized by Ultraviolet visible spectra, Fourier Transferred infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ay investigation (EDS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic light dispersing assessment (DLS). The crystalline shape of Ag Nanoparticles is clear from XRD examines. The shape and size of the blended Ag Nanoparticles were examined by TEM studies, The Ag Nanoparticles Size appropriation scatter and the normal size of Ag NPs were discovered to be 18 ± 2nm in size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]