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An invisible layer of knowledge is progressively growing with the emergence of situated visualizations and reality-based information retrieval systems. In essence, digital content will overlap with real-world entities, eventually providing insights into the surrounding environment and useful information for the user. The implementation of such a vision may appear close, but many subtle details separate us from its fulfillment. This kind of implementation, as the overlap between rendered virtual annotations and the camera's real-world view, requires different computer vision paradigms for object recognition and tracking which often require high computing power and large-scale datasets of images. Nevertheless, these resources are not always available, and in some specific domains, the lack of an appropriate reference dataset could be disruptive for a considered task. In this particular scenario, we here consider the problem of wine recognition to support an augmented reading of their labels. In fact, images of wine bottle labels may not be available as wineries periodically change their designs, product information regulations may vary, and specific bottles may be rare, making the label recognition process hard or even impossible. In this work, we present augmented wine recognition, an augmented reality system that exploits optical character recognition paradigms to interpret and exploit the text within a wine label, without requiring any reference image. Our experiments show that such a framework can overcome the limitations posed by image retrieval-based systems while exhibiting a comparable performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is an evaluation of published papers on machine learning as employed in mastitis research. The aim of this study was the quantitative evaluation of the scientific content and the bibliometric details of these papers. In total, 69 papers were found to combine machine learning in mastitis research and were considered in detail. There was a progressive yearly increase in published papers, which originated from 23 countries (mostly from China or the United States of America). Most original articles (n = 59) referred to work involving cattle, relevant to mastitis in individual animals. Most articles described work related to the development and diagnosis of the infection. Fewer articles described work on the antibiotic resistance of pathogens isolated from cases of mastitis and on the treatment of the infection. In most studies (98.5% of published papers), supervised machine learning models were employed. Most frequently, decision trees and support vector machines were employed in the studies described. 'Machine learning' and 'mastitis' were the most frequently used keywords. The papers were published in 39 journals, with most frequent publications in Computers and Electronics in Agriculture and Journal of Dairy Science. The median number of cited references in the papers was 39 (interquartile range: 31). There were 435 co-authors in the papers (mean: 6.2 per paper, median: 5, min.–max.: 1–93) and 356 individual authors. The median number of citations received by the papers was 4 (min.–max.: 0–70). Most papers (72.5%) were published in open-access mode. This study summarized the characteristics of papers on mastitis and artificial intelligence. Future studies could explore using these methodologies at farm level, and extending them to other animal species, while unsupervised learning techniques might also prove to be useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating academic papers and groups is important in scholar evaluation and literature retrieval. However, current evaluation indices, which pay excessive attention to the citation number rather than the citation importance and unidirectionality, are relatively simple. This study proposes new evaluation indices for papers and groups. First, an improved PageRank (PR) algorithm introducing citation importance is proposed to obtain a new citation-based paper index (CPI) via a pre-ranking and fine-tuning strategy. Second, to evaluate the paper's influence inside and outside its research field, the focus citation-based paper index (FCPI) and diversity citation-based paper index (DCPI) are proposed based on topic similarity and diversity, respectively. Third, aside from the statistical indices for academic papers, we propose a foreign academic degree of dependence (FAD) to characterise the dependence between two academic groups. Finally, artificial intelligence (AI) papers from 2005 to 2019 are utilised for a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies have a variety of applications throughout the provision of health care, such as clinical documentation, diagnostic image processing, and clinical decision support. This position paper describes the American College of Physicians' (ACP) foundational positions and recommendations regarding the use of these technologies in the provision of health care. The foundation of these positions are principles in the ACP Ethics Manual. Internal medicine physicians are increasingly interacting with systems that implement artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies. Some physicians and health care systems are even developing their own AI models, both within and outside of electronic health record (EHR) systems. These technologies have various applications throughout the provision of health care, such as clinical documentation, diagnostic image processing, and clinical decision support. With the growing availability of vast amounts of patient data and unprecedented levels of clinician burnout, the proliferation of these technologies is cautiously welcomed by some physicians. Others think it presents challenges to the patient–physician relationship and the professional integrity of physicians. These dispositions are understandable, given the "black box" nature of some AI models, for which specifications and development methods can be closely guarded or proprietary, along with the relative lagging or absence of appropriate regulatory scrutiny and validation. This American College of Physicians (ACP) position paper describes the College's foundational positions and recommendations regarding the use of AI- and ML-enabled tools and systems in the provision of health care. Many of the College's positions and recommendations, such as those related to patient-centeredness, privacy, and transparency, are founded on principles in the ACP Ethics Manual. They are also derived from considerations for the clinical safety and effectiveness of the tools as well as their potential consequences regarding health disparities. The College calls for more research on the clinical and ethical implications of these technologies and their effects on patient health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the potential of advanced technologies in the field of cultural heritage. It highlights how these technologies, such as virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and 3D printing, can be used to understand, preserve, and enhance cultural heritage. The article also presents scientific papers from the Florence Heri-Tech International Conference, showcasing the various applications of these technologies. The papers cover topics such as the use of hyperspectral imaging for hieroglyph recognition, the enhancement of user experience in cultural spaces through advanced systems, and the use of non-invasive techniques for conservation. Overall, the article emphasizes the significant impact of technology on the research, preservation, and promotion of cultural heritage. [Extracted from the article]

Big data refers to extremely large data generated at high volume, velocity, variety, and veracity. The nurse scientist is uniquely positioned to leverage big data to suggest novel hypotheses on patient care and the healthcare system. The purpose of this paper is to provide an introductory guide to understanding the use and capability of big data for nurse scientists. Herein, we discuss the practical, ethical, social, and educational implications of using big data in nursing research. Some practical challenges with the use of big data include data accessibility, data quality, missing data, variable data standards, fragmentation of health data, and software considerations. Opposing ethical positions arise with the use of big data, and arguments for and against the use of big data are underpinned by concerns about confidentiality, anonymity, and autonomy. The use of big data has health equity dimensions and addressing equity in data is an ethical imperative. There is a need to incorporate competencies needed to leverage big data for nursing research into advanced nursing educational curricula. Nursing science has a great opportunity to evolve and embrace the potential of big data. Nurse scientists should not be spectators but collaborators and drivers of policy change to better leverage and harness the potential of big data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper mills, companies that write scientific papers and gain acceptance for them, then sell authorships of these papers, present a key challenge in medicine and other healthcare fields. This challenge is becoming more acute with artificial intelligence (AI), where AI writes the manuscripts and then the paper mills sell the authorships of these papers. The aim of the current research is to provide a method for detecting fake papers. The method reported in this article uses a machine learning approach to create decision trees to identify fake papers. The data were collected from Web of Science and multiple journals in various fields. The article presents a method to identify fake papers based on the results of decision trees. Use of this method in a case study indicated its effectiveness in identifying a fake paper. This method to identify fake papers is applicable for authors, editors, and publishers across fields to investigate a single paper or to conduct an analysis of a group of manuscripts. Clinicians and others can use this method to evaluate articles they find in a search to ensure they are not fake articles and instead report actual research that was peer reviewed prior to publication in a journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notable increase in retraction papers has attracted considerable attention from diverse stakeholders. Various sources are now offering information related to research integrity, including concerns voiced on social media, disclosed lists of paper mills, and retraction notices accessible through journal websites. However, despite the availability of such resources, there remains a lack of a unified platform to consolidate this information, thereby hindering efficient searching and cross-referencing. Thus, it is imperative to develop a comprehensive platform for retracted papers and related concerns. This article aims to introduce "Amend," a platform designed to integrate information on research integrity from diverse sources. The Amend platform consolidates concerns and lists of problematic articles sourced from social media platforms (e.g., PubPeer, For Better Science), retraction notices from journal websites, and citation databases (e.g., Web of Science, CrossRef). Moreover, Amend includes investigation and punishment announcements released by administrative agencies (e.g., NSFC, MOE, MOST, CAS). Each related paper is marked and can be traced back to its information source via a provided link. Furthermore, the Amend database incorporates various attributes of retracted articles, including citation topics, funding details, open access status, and more. The reasons for retraction are identified and classified as either academic misconduct or honest errors, with detailed subcategories provided for further clarity. Within the Amend platform, a total of 32,515 retracted papers indexed in SCI, SSCI, and ESCI between 1980 and 2023 were identified. Of these, 26,620 (81.87%) were associated with academic misconduct. The retraction rate stands at 6.64 per 10,000 articles. Notably, the retraction rate for non-gold open access articles significantly differs from that for gold open access articles, with this disparity progressively widening over the years. Furthermore, the reasons for retractions have shifted from traditional individual behaviors like falsification, fabrication, plagiarism, and duplication to more organized large-scale fraudulent practices, including Paper Mills, Fake Peer-review, and Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC). The Amend platform may not fully capture all retracted and concerning papers, thereby impacting its comprehensiveness. Additionally, inaccuracies in retraction notices may lead to errors in tagged reasons. Amend provides an integrated platform for stakeholders to enhance monitoring, analysis, and research on academic misconduct issues. Ultimately, the Amend database can contribute to upholding scientific integrity. This study introduces a globally integrated platform for retracted and concerning papers, along with a preliminary analysis of the evolutionary trends in retracted papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avoiding financial losses requires preventing catastrophic oil‐filled power transformer breakdowns. Continuous online transformer monitoring is needed. The authors use paper insulation to evaluate transformer health for continuous online transformer monitoring. The study suggests a new artificial intelligence method for estimating paper insulation residual life in oil‐immersed power transformers. The four artificial intelligence models use backpropagation‐based neural networks to predict paper insulation lifespan. Four primary transformer insulating paper failure indices—degree of polymerisation, 2‐furfuraldehyde, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide—form the basis of these models. Each model, including the backpropagation‐based neural networks, estimates paper insulation life using one failure index, along with moisture and temperature data. Optimisation techniques enhance hidden layer neurons and epoch count for improved performance. Results are validated against literature‐based life models, establishing a precise input–output correlation. This method accurately predicts the remaining useable life of power transformer paper insulation, enabling utilities to take proactive measures for safe and efficient transformer operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapid evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI), scientific publishing is experiencing significant transformations. AI tools, while offering unparalleled efficiencies in paper drafting and peer review, also introduce notable ethical concerns. This study delineates AI's dual role in scientific publishing: as a co-creator in the writing and review of scientific papers and as an ethical challenge. We first explore the potential of AI as an enhancer of efficiency, efficacy, and quality in creating scientific papers. A critical assessment follows, evaluating the risks vs. rewards for researchers, especially those early in their careers, emphasizing the need to maintain a balance between AI's capabilities and fostering independent reasoning and creativity. Subsequently, we delve into the ethical dilemmas of AI's involvement, particularly concerning originality, plagiarism, and preserving the genuine essence of scientific discourse. The evolving dynamics further highlight an overlooked aspect: the inadequate recognition of human reviewers in the academic community. With the increasing volume of scientific literature, tangible metrics and incentives for reviewers are proposed as essential to ensure a balanced academic environment. AI's incorporation in scientific publishing is promising yet comes with significant ethical and operational challenges. The role of human reviewers is accentuated, ensuring authenticity in an AI-influenced environment. As the scientific community treads the path of AI integration, a balanced symbiosis between AI's efficiency and human discernment is pivotal. Emphasizing human expertise, while exploit artificial intelligence responsibly, will determine the trajectory of an ethically sound and efficient AI-augmented future in scientific publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short response to the papers appearing in this special issue (Technology, AI Bots and Psychotherapy After Covid), psychotherapist and author Aaron Balick draws on the variety of themes that have arisen within the contributed papers to reflect on the wider issue of computer mediated human relations. In it he makes a distinction between the papers that focus on the therapeutic process mediated by technology and those that look more broadly at the paradigm of therapy practice in this context. Framing technology as a tool, the author pulls together both strands to explore what psychotherapy research may say about the broader issues of societies mediated by technology and how therapeutic research may contribute to these larger social issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractOpenAI’s ChatGPT is an advanced large language model AI that has caused both excitement and concern in academia. TurnItIn and similar software programs are widely used in higher education to detect potential plagiarism. However, the extent to which such software can identify papers produced by ChatGPT remains unclear. The current study partially addressed this question by submitting five versions of short essays about criminological topics generated from ChatGPT to the TurnItIn software. Overall, the results indicated that TurnItIn adequately detected that the essays were not original works (mean percent plagiarized score = 31%). The analyses further illustrated that ChatGPT wrote at an exceedingly high level (mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level = 15.1) atypical of essays in higher education. Consequently, it appears that detection of AI-generated writing may be easier than initially assumed although the technology is bound to improve. Accordingly, possible strategies for approaching AI in higher education are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: ChatGPT represents the most popular and widely used generative artificial intelligence (AI) model that received significant attention in healthcare research. The aim of the current study was to assess the future trajectory of the needed research in this domain based on the recommendations of the top influential published records. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted on Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (27–30 November 2023) to identify the top ten ChatGPT-related published records in healthcare across the three databases. Classification of the records as “top” denoting high influence in the field was based on citation counts. Results: A total of 22 unique records from 17 different journals representing 14 different publishers were identified as the top ChatGPT-related publications in healthcare subject. Based on the identified records’ recommendations, the following themes appeared as important areas to consider in future ChatGPT research in healthcare: improving healthcare education, improved efficiency of clinical processes (e.g., documentation), addressing ethical concerns (e.g., patient privacy and consent), supporting research tasks (e.g., data analysis, manuscript preparation), mitigating ChatGPT output biases, improving patient education and engagement, and developing standardized assessment protocols for ChatGPT utility in healthcare. Conclusions: The current review highlighted key areas to be prioritized in assessment of ChatGPT utility in healthcare. Interdisciplinary collaborations and standardizing methodologies are needed to synthesize robust evidence in these studies. Based on these recommendations and the promising potential of ChatGPT on healthcare, JMJ launched a call for papers for a special issue entitled “Evaluating Generative AI-Based Models in Healthcare”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has raised concerns about its potential impact on academic integrity, especially concerning research papers and academic writing. Some institutions have decided to ban the use of AI, while others are looking for ways to integrate it into their curriculum responsibly. Pennsylvania State University offers a course called "Emerging Technologies in Popular Culture," which explores the ethical implications of AI-generated art. This approach emphasizes critical evaluation and problematization of AI-generated outputs and serves as a model for embracing AI while maintaining academic rigor. As AI reshapes education, educators must prepare students with the necessary skills to navigate this evolving landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital surgery is a new paradigm within the surgical innovation space that is rapidly advancing and encompasses multiple areas. Methods: This white paper from the SAGES Digital Surgery Working Group outlines the scope of digital surgery, defines key terms, and analyzes the challenges and opportunities surrounding this disruptive technology. Results: In its simplest form, digital surgery inserts a computer interface between surgeon and patient. We divide the digital surgery space into the following elements: advanced visualization, enhanced instrumentation, data capture, data analytics with artificial intelligence/machine learning, connectivity via telepresence, and robotic surgical platforms. We will define each area, describe specific terminology, review current advances as well as discuss limitations and opportunities for future growth. Conclusion: Digital Surgery will continue to evolve and has great potential to bring value to all levels of the healthcare system. The surgical community has an essential role in understanding, developing, and guiding this emerging field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, I was at a Microsoft Technology Center to discuss the augmented reality (AR) technology developed in my lab for treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We also explored the possibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) to automate interactions with digital AR characters. We were also given a tour of the Microsoft 365 Copilot AI technology. This experience, along with my upcoming experiences with the rapidly evolving and publicly available AI technology, triggered a series of questions and reflections about the use of AI in scientific work and writing. In this article, the author reflects upon recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have led to profound discussions about AI's role in scientific research and education. AI technologies are now capable of summarizing and analyzing large volumes of data, creating presentations, and even drafting parts of scientific papers and grants with minimal human input. With their exponential ongoing advancements, they will become even more capable in doing these tasks. As boundaries between humans and AI blurs, serious questions arise about the future roles, responsibilities, and identity of academic researchers, intellectual property, publishing and grantsmanship, and equity in the world of AI potentiated research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews have long been recognized as among the most important forms of scientific communication. The rapid growth of the primary literature has further increased the need for reviews to distill and interpret the literature. This review on Reviews and Reviewing: Approaches to Research Synthesis encompasses the evolution of the review literature, taxonomy of review literature, uses and users of reviews, the process of preparing reviews, assessment of review quality and impact, the impact of information technology on the preparation of reviews, and research opportunities for information science related to reviews and reviewing. In addition to providing a synthesis of prior research, this review seeks to identify gaps in the published research and to suggest possible future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research groups in computer vision, graphics, and machine learning have dedicated a substantial amount of attention to the areas of 3D object reconstruction, augmentation, and registration. Deep learning is the predominant method used in artificial intelligence for addressing computer vision challenges. However, deep learning on three-dimensional data presents distinct obstacles and is now in its nascent phase. There have been significant advancements in deep learning specifically for three-dimensional data, offering a range of ways to address these issues. This study offers a comprehensive examination of the latest advancements in deep learning methodologies. We examine many benchmark models for the tasks of 3D object registration, augmentation, and reconstruction. We thoroughly analyse their architectures, advantages, and constraints. In summary, this report provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in three-dimensional deep learning and highlights unresolved research areas that will need to be addressed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document discusses the societal impact of applying artificial intelligence (AI) to traffic and transportation. Sustainable transport is considered crucial for sustainable cities and communities, and AI has the potential to significantly influence daily life in urban areas. The document highlights the interdisciplinary challenges of understanding and coordinating transportation systems, which involve various players with conflicting goals and constraints. It also presents a selection of innovative solutions related to traffic management, including machine learning, reinforcement learning, and optimization approaches. The document concludes by expressing gratitude to the authors, reviewers, and committee members involved in the creation of the special issue. [Extracted from the article]

This paper explores the artificial intelligence (AI) concept for complex engineering design processes in the shipping industry. It is driven by the computer technologies advancement for fast and concurrent tasks processing, machine learnability, and data-centric approach. While AI has been adopted in many industries, it is still lacking the structured approaches for practical implementation. This is especially on the generality of the methodologies and explaining AI to the non-technical members and their preparedness. Therefore, this work proposed a conceptual framework to systematically extract, represent and visualize the ship design knowledge, to develop and deploy the machine learning (ML) models, and to demonstrate the AI-based ship design processes. Comparisons to the generic ship design model were made and discussed to highlight the improvements observed. It is found that while the conventional algorithmic approach procedures were faster in terms of execution time, the stepwise empirical models were often limited by the dataset and the design assumptions with restricted estimation capabilities for solving the nonlinear ship design problems. The findings presented the impact in improving the existing processes and effectively reducing its cycle. Additionally, the approach emphasised on the validated ship design data thus its generalization for fast and wide adoptions at scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structured reporting in radiology continues to hold substantial potential to improve the quality of service provided to patients and referring physicians. Despite many physicians' preference for structured reports and various efforts by radiological societies and some vendors, structured reporting has still not been widely adopted in clinical routine. While in many countries national radiological societies have launched initiatives to further promote structured reporting, cross-institutional applications of report templates and incentives for usage of structured reporting are lacking. Various legislative measures have been taken in the USA and the European Union to promote interoperable data formats such as Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) in the context of the EU Health Data Space (EHDS) which will certainly be relevant for the future of structured reporting. Lastly, recent advances in artificial intelligence and large language models may provide innovative and efficient approaches to integrate structured reporting more seamlessly into the radiologists' workflow. The ESR will remain committed to advancing structured reporting as a key component towards more value-based radiology. Practical solutions for structured reporting need to be provided by vendors. Policy makers should incentivize the usage of structured radiological reporting, especially in cross-institutional setting. Critical relevance statement Over the past years, the benefits of structured reporting in radiology have been widely discussed and agreed upon; however, implementation in clinical routine is lacking due—policy makers should incentivize the usage of structured radiological reporting, especially in cross-institutional setting. Key points 1. Various national societies have established initiatives for structured reporting in radiology. 2. Almost no monetary or structural incentives exist that favor structured reporting. 3. A consensus on technical standards for structured reporting is still missing. 4. The application of large language models may help structuring radiological reports. 5. Policy makers should incentivize the usage of structured radiological reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first half of 2023, text-generative artificial intelligence (AI), including ChatGPT from OpenAI, has attracted considerable attention worldwide. In this study, first, we compared Japanese stylometric features of texts generated by ChatGPT, equipped with GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, and those written by humans. In this work, we performed multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) to confirm the distributions of 216 texts of three classes (72 academic papers written by 36 single authors, 72 texts generated by GPT-3.5, and 72 texts generated by GPT-4 on the basis of the titles of the aforementioned papers) focusing on the following stylometric features: (1) bigrams of parts-of-speech, (2) bigram of postpositional particle words, (3) positioning of commas, and (4) rate of function words. MDS revealed distinct distributions at each stylometric feature of GPT (3.5 and 4) and human. Although GPT-4 is more powerful than GPT-3.5 because it has more parameters, both GPT (3.5 and 4) distributions are overlapping. These results indicate that although the number of parameters may increase in the future, GPT-generated texts may not be close to that written by humans in terms of stylometric features. Second, we verified the classification performance of random forest (RF) classifier for two classes (GPT and human) focusing on Japanese stylometric features. This study revealed the high performance of RF in each stylometric feature: The RF classifier focusing on the rate of function words achieved 98.1% accuracy. Furthermore the RF classifier focusing on all stylometric features reached 100% in terms of all performance indexes (accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score). This study concluded that at this stage we human discriminate ChatGPT from human limited to Japanese language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shares results from a pedagogical experiment that assigns undergraduates to "cheat" on a final class essay by requiring their use of text-generating AI software. For this assignment, students harvested content from an installation of GPT-2, then wove that content into their final essay. At the end, students offered a "revealed" version of the essay as well as their own reflections on the experiment. In this assignment, students were specifically asked to confront the oncoming availability of AI as a writing tool. What are the ethics of using AI this way? What counts as plagiarism? What are the conditions, if any, we should place on AI assistance for student writing? And how might working with AI change the way we think about writing, authenticity, and creativity? While students (and sometimes GPT-2) offered thoughtful reflections on these initial questions, actually composing with GPT-2 opened their perspectives more broadly on the ethics and practice of writing with AI. In this paper, I share how students experienced those issues, connect their insights to broader conversations in the humanities about writing and communication, and explain their relevance for the ethical use and evaluation of language models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The irruption of artificial intelligence (AI) in all areas of our lives is a reality to which the university, as an institution of higher education, must respond prudently, but also with no hesitation. This paper discusses the potential that resources based on AI presents as potential reviewers of scientific articles in a hypothetical peer review of already published articles. Using different models (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) and platforms (ChatPDF and Bing), we obtained three full reviews, both qualitative and quantitative, for each of the five articles examined, thus being able to delineate and contrast the results of all of them in terms of the human reviews that these same articles received at the time. The evidence found highlights the extent to which we can and should rely on generative language models to support our decisions as qualified experts in our field. Furthermore, the results also corroborate the hallucinations inherent in these models while pointing out one of their current major shortcomings: the context window limit. On the other hand, the study also points out the inherent benefits of a model that is in a clear expansion phase, providing a detailed view of the potential and limitations that these models offer as possible assistants to the review of scientific articles, a key process in the communication and dissemination of academic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As any field evolves, so do journals' expectations from authors. As Artificial Intelligence (AI) usage in Health Professions Education (HPE) has evolved, Medical Teacher's expectations have changed, and previously-accepted paper types are now routinely rejected. This commentary gives some guidance for authors currently submitting AI in HPE papers to Medical Teacher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the prediction of aging state of oil impregnated insulating Kraft paper using textural properties. Under conditions of prolonged thermal stress, the insulating capacity of Kraft paper decreases due to carbonization and degradation of cellulose. To analyze these effects, a new accelerated aging kit is developed for the experiments. Four groups of samples are collected, and the morphology is examined. Texture feature is extracted for the samples using normalization and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Supervised (Support Vector Machine (SVM)) and unsupervised (K-means) machine intelligence methods are trained to classify images based on the feature. In addition, new samples are checked for feasibility of the prediction of aging state. The calculated training accuracy of SVM is 92.67%, and for k-means is 95.0%, on the other hand, the testing accuracy of SVM is 91.0%, and for k-means is 92.6%. Therefore, this machine intelligence-based methodology using image features is effective in classifying the aging state of the Kraft Insulating Paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) has helped to obtain accurate, fast, robust results without any human errors. Hence, it has been used in various applications in our daily lives. The Turing test has been a fundamental problem that AI systems aim to overcome. Recently developed various natural language processing (NLP) models have shown significant performances. AI language models, used in translation, digital assistant, and sentiment analysis, have improved the quality of our lives. It can perform scans on thousands of documents in seconds and report them by establishing appropriate sentence structures. Generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) is a popular model developed recently has been used for many applications. Users of this model have obtained surprising results on various applications and shared them on various social media platforms. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the GPT-3 model in writing an academic article. Hence, we chose the subject of the article as tools based on artificial intelligence in academic article writing. The organized queries on ChatGPT created the flow of this article. In this article, we have made an effort to highlight the advantages and limitations of using ChatGPT-3 for academic research paper writing. As a result of the findings, it has been observed that ChatGPT can be used as an auxiliary tool while writing academic research articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses two computer science research papers concerning artificial intelligence (AI). Topics explored include the susceptibility of deep convolutional neural networks to input pertubations acknowledged in the 2013 study "Intriguing Properties of Neural Networks," by Christian Szegedy and colleagues, and the capability of sequence-to-sequence language models to execute short computer programs reported in the 2014 study "Learning to Execute," by Wojciech Zaremba and Ilya Sutskever.

The article discusses the need for improvement in the peer review system for evaluating submitted manuscripts. The authors propose a new system to track the outcomes of rejected manuscripts, allowing for a better understanding of their "fates." They suggest that authors should report to the journal that finally accepted their manuscript where it was previously rejected. This system aims to increase transparency in the academic publication world and improve the evaluation skills of reviewers, editors, and journals. [Extracted from the article]

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to preserve and promote cultural heritage has experienced significant growth in recent years. Among the various areas of cultural heritage, numismatics have emerged as a particularly promising field where we can develop AI solutions. Numismatics refers to the study of coins, tokens, paper money, and medals, which play a critical role in understanding human history and culture. However, there are still limited resources available to help researchers and collectors in the identification of coins. This is due to the vast number of coins in circulation, which presents a significant challenge in developing smart tools for classification tasks. This paper aims to provide a contribution to this setting. In particular, we start by creating a new dataset called EURO-Coin, which consists of images showing the side of coins with reliefs and is designed to facilitate the training and testing of AI models for euro coin classification. Then, we propose two approaches that leverage Convolutional Neural Networks and self-attention layers to classify the country and value of the coins. In our experiments, we obtain an accuracy of 86.9% for country classification and an accuracy of 96.4% for value classification. Finally, we conduct an ablation study to evaluate the impact of the preprocessing activities and attention layers in our approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses OpenAI's ChatGPT, a generative pre‐trained transformer, which uses natural language processing to fulfill text‐based user requests (i.e., a "chatbot"). The history and principles behind ChatGPT and similar models are discussed. This technology is then discussed in relation to its potential impact on academia and scholarly research and publishing. ChatGPT is seen as a potential model for the automated preparation of essays and other types of scholarly manuscripts. Potential ethical issues that could arise with the emergence of large language models like GPT‐3, the underlying technology behind ChatGPT, and its usage by academics and researchers, are discussed and situated within the context of broader advancements in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing for research and scholarly publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the prevalence of artificial intelligence technologies, big data has been utilized to higher extent in many cross-domain fields. This paper concentrates on the digital assessment of vocational education level in some specific areas, and proposes a graph neural network-based assessment model for this purpose. Assume that all vocational colleges inside a specific region are with a social graph, in which each college is a node and the relations among them are the edges. The graph neural network (GNN) model is formulated to capture global structured features of all the nodes together. The GNN is then employed for the sequential modeling pattern, and the evolving characteristics of all the colleges can be captured. Some experiments are also conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed GNN-VEL. It is compared with two typical forecasting methods under evaluation of two metrics. The results show that it performs better than other two methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) applications, such as ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer) and Midjourney, have recently attracted much attention from researchers and school teachers. While many people are eager to learn more about GAI applications, some scholars are concerned about the potential misuse of them. It is predicted that the use of GAI applications will increase rapidly in the coming years. Therefore, it is important to consider the challenges and research issues through some concrete application examples of using GAI for education. In this position paper, the authors aim to address these issues from the perspectives of academic research and educational objectives. Along with defining GAI, several illustrative examples of using GAI applications in educational settings are provided. Moreover, potential research issues of GAI-based learning, including research design, relevant learning strategies, research focus, and measuring tools, are discussed. ET&S journal is especially welcoming research on unlocking the potential of GAI for education to realize the two notions of "Knowing [why] is the essential element for learners to have in-depth understanding" and "It is all about prompts: Get rid of the 'search' mindset and use 'programming prompt' instead." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to positively impact library and archives collections and services--enhancing reference, instruction, metadata creation, recommendations, and more. However, AI also has ethical implications. This paper presents an extensive literature and review analysis that examines AI projects implemented in library and archives settings, asking the following research questions: RQ1: How is artificial intelligence being used in libraries and archives practice? RQ2: What ethical concerns are being identified and addressed during AI implementation in libraries and archives? The results of this literature review show that AI implementation is growing in libraries and archives and that practitioners are using AI for increasingly varied purposes. We found that AI implementation was most common in large, academic libraries. Materials used in AI projects usually involved digitized and born digital text and images, though materials also ranged to include web archives, electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs), and maps. AI was most often used for metadata extraction and reference and research services. Just over half of the papers included in the literature review mentioned ethics or values related issues in their discussions of AI implementation in libraries and archives, and only one-third of all resources discussed ethical issues beyond technical issues of accuracy and human-in-the-loop. Case studies relating to AI in libraries and archives are on the rise, and we expect subsequent discussions of relevant ethics and values to follow suit, particularly growing in the areas of cost considerations, transparency, reliability, policy and guidelines, bias, social justice, user communities, privacy, consent, accessibility, and access. As AI comes into more common usage, it will benefit the library and archives professions to not only consider ethics when implementing local projects, but to publicly discuss these ethical considerations in shared documentation and publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2023 edition of the AIxIA Conference, held in Rome, brought together a large number of researchers and practitioners to discuss the most recent and important advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI). The conference featured 19 workshops, organized by 77 experts, attracting 248 submissions and resulting in 16 proceedings. This special issue presents extended versions of selected papers initially showcased at these workshops. Each paper underwent rigorous review and represents a diverse array of topics, reflecting the multifaceted nature of the Italian AI community. The topics covered include ethical foundations to symbiotic AI, symbolic knowledge extraction from black-box models, creative influence prediction using graph theory, AI approaches to multidimensional poverty prediction, an assessment of AI-based supports for informal caregivers, deep learning-based EEG denoising, AI-assisted board-game-based learning, large language models for assessment and feedback in higher education, geometric reasoning in the Traveling Salesperson Problem, defeasible reasoning in weighted knowledge bases, and conditional computation in neural networks. These contributions demonstrate the innovative and interdisciplinary research within the AI community, offering valuable insights and advancing the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning has been leveraged for image analysis applications throughout a multitude of subspecialties. This position paper provides a perspective on the evolutionary trajectory of practical deep learning tools for genitourinary pathology through evaluating the most recent iterations of such algorithmic devices. Deep learning tools for genitourinary pathology demonstrate potential to enhance prognostic and predictive capacity for tumor assessment including grading, staging, and subtype identification, yet limitations in data availability, regulation, and standardization have stymied their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is coming into the field of nuclear medicine, and it is likely here to stay. As a society, EANM can and must play a central role in the use of AI in nuclear medicine. In this position paper, the EANM explains the preconditions for the implementation of AI in NM and takes position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer-reviewed conferences, the main publication venues in CS, rely critically on matching highly qualified reviewers for each paper. Because of the growing scale of these conferences, the tight timelines on which they operate, and a recent surge in explicitly dishonest behavior, there is now no alternative to performing this matching in an automated way. This paper introduces Large Conference Matching (LCM) , a novel reviewer–paper matching approach that was recently deployed in the 35th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2021), and has since been adopted (wholly or partially) by other conferences including ICML 2022, AAAI 2022-2024, and IJCAI 2022-2024. LCM has three main elements: (1) collecting and processing input data to identify problematic matches and generate reviewer–paper scores; (2) formulating and solving an optimization problem to find good reviewer–paper matchings; and (3) a two-phase reviewing process that shifts reviewing resources away from papers likely to be rejected and towards papers closer to the decision boundary. This paper also describes an evaluation of these innovations based on an extensive post-hoc analysis on real data—including a comparison with the matching algorithm used in AAAI's previous (2020) iteration—and supplements this with additional numerical experimentation.2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]