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Let m be a cube-free positive integer and let p be a prime such that p ∤ m. In this paper, we find the number of conjugacy classes of completely reducible solvable cube-free subgroups in GL(2,q) of order m, where q is a power of p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a finite group. In this paper, we say that g ∈ G is an SM-vanishing element of G, if there exists a strongly monolithic character χ of G such that χ(g) = 0. The conjugacy class of an SM-vanishing element of G is called an SM-vanishing conjugacy class of G. Our purpose here is to prove that for determining some properties of the structure of the group G, it is enough to consider the same arithmetical conditions on the sizes of SM-vanishing conjugacy classes of G instead of certain arithmetical conditions on the sizes of vanishing conjugacy classes of G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A constructive procedure is given to determine all ideals of a finite-dimensional solvable Lie algebra. This is used in determining all conjugacy classes of subalgebras of a given finite-dimensional solvable Lie algebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the structure of finite solvable groups G admitting a normal subgroup N such that G / N is non-abelian and N contains all but four conjugacy classes of G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a finite group G and x ∈ G, the class size of x in G is called odd-square-free if it is not divisible by the square of any odd prime number. In this paper, we show that if G is a nonsolvable finite group, all of whose class sizes are odd-square-free, then we have some control on the structure of G, which is an answer to the dual of the question mentioned by Huppert in [5]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A graph is called the divisibility graph of if its vertex set is the set of noncentral conjugacy class sizes of and there is an edge between vertices and if and only if or . We determine the number of connected components of the divisibility graph when is an F-group. A finite group is called an F-group if for every , implies . We also prove that if the divisibility graph in which is an F-group is a -regular graph, then the divisibility graph is a complete graph with vertices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a non-abelian finite simple group. A famous result of Liebeck and Shalev is that there is an absolute constant c such that whenever S is a non-trivial normal subset in G then S k = G for any integer k at least c · (log | G | / log | S |) . This result is generalized by showing that there exists an absolute constant c such that whenever S 1 , ... , S k are normal subsets in G with ∏ i = 1 k | S i | ≥ | G | c then S 1 ⋯ S k = G . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the Q-conjugacy character table of an arbitrary finite group and introduce a general relation between the degrees of Q-conjugacy characters with their corresponding reductions. This could be accomplished by using the Hermitian symmetric form. We provide a useful technique to calculate the character table of a finite group when its corresponding Qconjugacy character table is given. Then, we evaluate our results in some useful examples. Finally, by using GAP (Groups, Algorithms and Programming) package, we calculate all the dominant classes of the sporadic Conway group Co2 enabling us to find all possible the integer-valued characters for the Conway group Co2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the locus of generalized degree d Hénon maps in the parameter space RatdN of degree d rational maps PN →PN modulo the conjugation action of SLN+1. We show that Hénon maps are never in the GIT stable locus, that they are in the GIT unstable locus if d ≥ 3, and that they are in the strictly GIT semistable locus if N = d = 2. We also give a general classification of all unstable maps in Rat22. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G = H × A be a finite 2-group, where H is a non-abelian group of order 8 and A is an elementary abelian 2-group. We obtain a normal complement of G in the normalized unit group V(FG) and in the unitary subgroup V ∗ (F G) over the field F with 2 elements. Further, for a finite field F of characteristic 2, we derive class size of elements of V(FG). Moreover, we provide class representatives of V ∗ (F H) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let A be a finite dimensional algebra over an algebraically closed field with the radical nilpotent of index 2. It is shown that A has finitely many conjugacy classes of left ideals if and only if A is of finite representation type provided that all simple A -modules have dimension at least 6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a finite group and δ (G) denote the number of conjugate classes of allnon-cyclic subgroups of G. The symbol π (G) denotes the set of the prime divisors of |G|. In Meng and Li (Sci Sin Math 44:939–944, 2014), it was proved that for a finite non-cyclic solvable group G, one always has δ (G) ≥ 2 | π (G) | - 2 . The groups with δ (G) ≤ | π (G) | + 1 always are solvable and have been complete classified. Moreover, it was showed that a finite non-solvable group G with δ (G) = | π (G) | + 2 is isomorphic to A 5 or SL(2, 5). In this paper, we investigate the finite solvable groups with δ (G) = | π (G) | + 2 . For convenience, a group G is said to be a δ π 2 -group if δ (G) = | π (G) | + 2 . In particular, we give a completely classification of the δ π 2 -groups with | π (G) | = 3 , 4 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a conjugacy class graph is represented by Γ and G represents non-abelian metabelian group. Conjugacy class graph of a group is the graph associated with the conjugacy classes of the group. Its vertices are the non-central conjugacy classes of the group, and two distinct vertices are joined by an edge if their cardinalities are not coprime. A group is referred to as metabelian if there exits an abelian normal subgroup in which the factor group is also abelian. It has been proven earlier that 25 non-abelian metabelian groups which have order less than 24, which are considered in this work, exist. In this article, the conjugacy class graphs of non-abelian metabelian groups of order less than 24 are determined as well as examples of some finite groups associated to other graphs are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we introduce the graph Γ s c (G) associated with a group G , called the solvable conjugacy class graph (abbreviated as SCC-graph), whose vertices are the nontrivial conjugacy classes of G and two distinct conjugacy classes C , D are adjacent if there exist x ∈ C and y ∈ D such that 〈 x , y 〉 is solvable. We discuss the connectivity, girth, clique number, and several other properties of the SCC-graph. One of our results asserts that there are only finitely many finite groups whose SCC-graph has given clique number d , and we find explicitly the list of such groups with d = 2. We pose some problems on the relation of the SCC-graph to the solvable graph and to the NCC-graph, which we cannot solve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Baumslag and Wiegold proved that a finite group G is nilpotent if and only if o(xy)=o(x)o(y) for every x,y∈G of coprime order. Motivated by this result, we study the groups with the property that (xy)G=xGyG and those with the property that χ(xy)=χ(x)χ(y) for every χ∈Irr(G) and every nontrivial x,y∈G of pairwise coprime order. We also consider several ways of weakening the hypothesis on x and y. While the result of Baumslag and Wiegold is completely elementary, some of our arguments here depend on (parts of) the classification of finite simple groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be the special linear group SL(2; q). We show that if (a1,..., at) and (b1,..., bt) are sampled uniformly from large subsets A and B of Gt, then their interleaved product a1b1a2b2 ... atbt is nearly uniform over G. This extends a result of the first author [W. T. Gowers, Combin. Probab. Comput., 17 (2008), pp. 363-387], which corresponds to the independent case where A and B are product sets. We obtain a number of other results. For example, we show that if X is a probability distribution on Gm such that any two coordinates are uniform in G², then a pointwise product of s independent copies of X is nearly uniform in Gm, where s depends on m only. Extensions to other groups are also discussed. We obtain closely related results in communication complexity, which is the setting where some of these questions were first asked by Miles and Viola [Shielding circuits with groups, in ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing (STOC), ACM, New York, 2013, pp. 251-260]. For example, suppose party Ai of k parties A1,...,Ak receives on its forehead a t-tuple (ai1,..., ait) of elements from G. The parties are promised that the interleaved product a11...ak1a12...ak2...a1t...akt is equal either to the identity e or to some other fixed element g 2 G, and their goal is to determine which of the two the product is equal to. We show that for all fixed k and all sufficiently large t the communication is (t log jGj), which is tight. Even for k = 2 the previous best lower bound was (t). As an application, we establish the security of the leakage-resilient circuits studied by Miles and Viola [Shielding circuits with groups, in ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing (STOC), ACM, New York, 2013, pp. 251{260] in the "only computation leaks" model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use elementary finite group theory to give direct and short proofs related to the results of conjugacy classes of finite groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A group class X is said to be countably recognizable if a group belongs to X whenever all its countable subgroups lie in X. It is proved here that most of the relevant classes of groups defined by restrictions on the conjugacy classes are countably recognizable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let $w$ be a group-word. For a group $G$, let $G_{w}$ denote the set of all $w$-values in $G$ and let $w(G)$ denote the verbal subgroup of $G$ corresponding to $w$. The group $G$ is an $FC(w)$-group if the set of conjugates $x^{G_{w}}$ is finite for all $x\in G$. It is known that if $w$ is a concise word, then $G$ is an $FC(w)$-group if and only if $w(G)$ is $FC$-embedded in $G$, that is, the conjugacy class $x^{w(G)}$ is finite for all $x\in G$. There are examples showing that this is no longer true if $w$ is not concise. In the present paper, for an arbitrary word $w$, we show that if $G$ is an $FC(w)$-group, then the commutator subgroup $w(G)^{\prime }$ is $FC$-embedded in $G$. We also establish the analogous result for $BFC(w)$-groups, that is, groups in which the sets $x^{G_{w}}$ are boundedly finite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giving a condition for the amenability of groups, Rosenblatt and Willis first introduced the concept of configuration. From the beginning of the theory, the question whether the concept of configuration equivalence coincides with the concept of group isomorphism was posed. We negatively answer this question by introducing two non-isomorphic, solvable and hence amenable groups which are configuration equivalent. Also, we will prove this conjecture, due to Rosenblatt and Willis, whether the configuration equivalent groups include the free non-Abelian group of the same rank or not. We show that two-sided equivalent groups have same class numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the semigroup structure on the set of conjugacy classes of left ideals of a finite-dimensional algebra over an algebraically closed field , equipped with the natural multiplication inherited from , and the structure of the contracted semigroup algebra . It is shown that has a finite chain of ideals with either nilpotent or completely -simple factors with trivial maximal subgroups, so in particular it is locally finite. The ordinary quiver of is proved to be a subquiver of , if is finite. Moreover, in this case, the structure of determines, up to isomorphism, the structure of the algebra modulo its Jacobson radical. Combining these results we show that if the semigroup is finite, then it determines the structure of any (not necessarily basic) triangular algebra which admits a normed presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a finite group G, we denote by $$\psi (G)$$ the sum of the element orders in G. In this article, we prove that if t is the number of nonidentity conjugacy classes in G, then $$\psi (G)=1+t|G|$$ if and only if G is either a group of prime order or a nonabelian group of the square-free order with two prime divisors. Also we find a unique group with the second maximum sum of the element orders among all finite groups of the same square-free order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that Nichols algebras of most simple Yetter-Drinfeld modules over the projective special linear group over a finite field, corresponding to semisimple orbits, have infinite dimension. We introduce a new criterium to determine when a conjugacy class collapses and prove that for infinitely many pairs (n, q), any finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebra H with G(H) ≃ PSLn(q) or SLn(q) is isomorphic to a group algebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nilpotent conjugacy class graph (or NCC-graph) of a group G is a graph whose vertices are the nontrivial conjugacy classes of G such that two distinct vertices xG and yG are adjacent if ⟨x',y'⟩ is nilpotent for some x' Є xG and y' Є yG. We discuss on the number of connected components as well as diameter of connected components of these graphs. Also, we consider the induced subgraph Γn (G) of the NCC-graph with vertices set {gG \ g Є G \ Nil (G)}, where Nil(G) = {g Є G \ ⟨x, g⟩ is nilpotent for all x Є G}, and classify all nite non-nilpotent group G with empty and triangle-free NCC-graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we classify the conjugacy classes of the action of PSL₂(O₂) on the projective line over finite fields, PL(F_{p}), where p is the M-S prime, by using the method of parametrization and investigate the behavoior of coset diagrams of these actions. We prove that the action of PSL₂(O₂) on PL(F_{p}) is transitive for all conjugacy classes except for the conjugacy class in which 2 is a perfact square in F_{p}. We also prove that the homomorphic images of PSL₂(O₂) represented by these coset diagrams are isomorphic to the rank one Chevalley groups, L₂(p), for all p≥11. We also study the behavior of the coset diagram of the homomorphic images of PSL₂(O₂) for the conjugacy class in which 2 is a perfact square in F_{p} and prove that these coset diagrams admit symmetry about the vertical line of axis in two dimensional space. We also prove that these coset diagrams depict intransitive action of PSL₂(O₂) on PL(F_{p}). This algebraic fact leads us to develop a formula to count the number of orbits occuring in each coset diagram of this particular class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we prove that a finite group G having at most three conjugacy classes of non-normal non-abelian proper subgroups is always solvable except for G ≅ A5, which extends Theorem 3.3 in [Some sufficient conditions on the number of non-abelian subgroups of a finite group to be solvable, Acta Math. Sinica (English Series) 27 (2011) 891-896.]. Moreover, we show that a finite group G with at most three same order classes of non-normal non-abelian proper subgroups is always solvable except for G ≅ A5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A group G is said to be a V -group if every subnormal subgroup of G has only finitely many conjugates. It is proved here that if G is a group admitting an ascending normal series whose factors have finite rank, and all proper subgroups of G have the V -property, then G itself is a V -group, provided that G belongs to a suitable class of generalized soluble groups, containing in particular all locally (soluble-by-finite) groups. On the other hand, an example shows that there exist periodic metabelian minimal non-V groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider all the Janko sporadic groups J1, J2, J3 and J4 (with orders 175560, 604800, 50232960 and 86775571046077562880, respectively) with a new concept called the markaracter- and Q-conjugacy character tables, which enables us to discuss marks and characters for a finite group on a common basis of Q-conjugacy relationships between their cyclic subgroups. Then by using GAP (Groups, Algorithms and Programming) package we calculate all their dominant classes enabling us to find all possible Q-conjugacy characters for these sporadic groups. Finally, we prove in a main theorem that all twenty six simple sporadic groups are unmatured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‎Let G be a finite group‎. ‎An element g∈G is called non-vanishing‎, ‎if for‎ ‎every irreducible complex character χ of G ‎, ‎χ(g)≠0‎. ‎The bi-Cayley graph BCay(G,T) of G with respect to a subset T⊆G‎, ‎is an undirected graph with‎ ‎vertex set G×{1,2} and edge set {{(x,1),(tx,2)}∣x∈G‎,‎ t∈T}‎. ‎Let nv(G) be the set‎ ‎of all non-vanishing elements of a finite group G ‎. ‎We show that g ∈ nv(G) if and only if the adjacency matrix of BCay(G,T)‎, ‎where T=Cl(g) is the‎ ‎conjugacy class of G ‎, ‎is non-singular‎. ‎We prove that ‎if the commutator subgroup of G has prime order p‎, ‎then‎ ‎(1) g ∈ nv(G) if and only if|Cl(g)|

We show that Nichols algebras of most simple Yetter-Drinfeld modules over the projective symplectic linear group over a finite field, corresponding to unipotent orbits, have infinite dimension. We give a criterion to deal with unipotent classes of general finite simple groups of Lie type and apply it to regular classes in Chevalley and Steinberg groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a finite group and let K be the conjugacy class of x ∈ G. If K² is a conjugacy class of G, then [x, G] is solvable. If the order of x is a power of prime, then [x, G] has a normal p-complement. We also prove some related results on the solvability of certain normal subgroups when a non-trivial coset has certain properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two basic results on S-rings over an Abelian group are the Schur theorem on multipliers and the Wielandt theorem on primitive S-rings over groups with a cyclic Sylow subgroup. Neither of these is directly generalized to the non-Abelian case. Nevertheless, we prove that the two theorems are true for central S-rings over any group, i.e., for S-rings that are contained in the center of the group ring of that group (such S-rings arise naturally in the supercharacter theory). Extending the concept of a B-group introduced by Wielandt, we show that every Camina group is a generalized B-group, whereas simple groups, with few exceptions, cannot be of this type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every finite group whose order is divisible by a prime p has at least 2 p − 1 conjugacy classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A digraph $${\overrightarrow{\mathcal{Pc}}(G)}$$ is said to be the directed power graph on the conjugacy classes of a group G, if its vertices are the non-trivial conjugacy classes of G, and there is an arc from vertex C to C′ if and only if $${C \neq C'}$$ and $${C \subseteqq {C'}^{m}}$$ for some positive integer $${m > 0}$$ . Moreover, the simple graph $${\mathcal{Pc}(G)}$$ is said to be the (undirected) power graph on the conjugacy classes of a group G if its vertices are the conjugacy classes of G and two distinct vertices C and C′ are adjacent in $${\mathcal{Pc}(G)}$$ if one is a subset of a power of the other. In this paper, we find some connections between algebraic properties of some groups and properties of the associated graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The density of each conjugacy class in the space of mixing Z-actions is proved. This result implies the genericity of rank 1, the triviality of the centralizer, and the absence of factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A group is called a V-group if it has finite conjugacy classes of subnormal subgroups. It is proved here that if G is a periodic soluble group in which every subnormal subgroup of infinite rank has finitely many conjugates, then G is a V -group, provided that its Hirsch–Plotkin radical has infinite rank. Corresponding results for periodic soluble groups in which every subnormal subgroup of infinite rank has finite index in its normal closure and for those in which every subnormal subgroup of infinite rank is finite over its core, are also obtained. Moreover, it is shown that the assumption on the Hirsch–Plotkin radical can be avoided in the case of periodic groups with nilpotent commutator subgroup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is proved here that if G is a locally graded group satisfying the minimal condition on subgroups which are not locally supersoluble, then G is either locally supersoluble or a Cernikov group. The same conclusion holds for locally finite groups satisfying the weak minimal condition on non-(locally supersoluble) subgroups. As a consequence, it is shown that any in nite locally graded group whose non-(locally supersoluble) subgroups lie into finitely many conjugacy classes must be locally supersoluble [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a finite group G, let γ(G) denote the number of conjugacy classes of all non-nilpotent subgroups of G, and let π(G) denote the set of the prime divisors of |G|. In this paper, we establish lower bounds on γ(G). In fact, we show that if G is a finite solvable group, then γ(G) = 0 or γ(G) ≥ 2|π(G)|-2, and if G is non-solvable, then γ(G) ≥ |π(G)| + 1. Both lower bounds are best possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let Fpn G be the group algebra of a finite p-group G over a field FPn with pn elements, and V(FPnG) the subgroup of units of augmentation 1. We investigate the conjugacy classes of V(Pn G), showing that p2n divides the order of the conjugacy class ∣ Ca ∣ for a noncentral element a e Fpn G and V(Fpn G) contains a conjugacy class of order p 2n, if a nonabelian finite p-group G has a factor group G/H such that its centre is of index p2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of supercharacters, which generalizes classical character theory, was recently introduced by P. Diaconis and I.M. Isaacs, building upon earlier work of C. André. We study supercharacter theories on (Z/nZ)d induced by the actions of certain matrix groups, demonstrating that a variety of exponential sums of interest in number theory (e.g., Gauss, Ramanujan, Heilbronn, and Kloosterman sums) arise in this manner. We develop a generalization of the discrete Fourier transform, in which supercharacters play the role of the Fourier exponential basis. We provide a corresponding uncertainty principle and compute the associated constants in several cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a finite group and v(G) denote the number of conjugacy classes of non-normal subgroups of G. In this paper, all nilpotent groups G with v(G) = 3 are classified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyse the rack structure of conjugacy classes in simple Suzuki and Ree groups and determine which classes are kthulhu. Combining these results with abelian rack techniques, we show that the only finite-dimensional complex pointed Hopf algebras over the simple Suzuki and Ree groups are their group algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to extend, from group theory to hypergroup theory, the class equation and the concept of commutativity degree. Both of them are studied in depth for complete hypergroups because we want to stress the similarities and the differences with respect to group theory, and the representation theorem of complete hypergroups helps us in this direction. We also find conditions under which the commutativity degree can be expressed by using the class equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]