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The effects of affirmative action on the incentives to human capital accumulation are ambiguous from a theoretical perspective and the scarce empirical evidence on the matter provides mixed results. In this paper, we address this issue by investigating the impacts of Brazil's Law of Quotas on the students' performance in the college entrance exam, the ENEM. We provide causal evidence that the law fostered incentives to pre-college human capital accumulation, inducing students to attain higher ENEM scores. Moreover, the effects of the quotas were greater in quantitative-intensive subjects and these impacts increased throughout the first years after the law's implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Fernandópolis, located in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, imposed a juvenile curfew in 2005. This decision was not made at the municipal or state level, but in a courtroom. Subsequently, other municipalities in the state of São Paulo decided to adopt a juvenile curfew. To assess the effect of the curfew on reducing crime, this paper uses the difference‐in‐differences estimation to compare its impact, relative to municipalities that did not adopt a curfew. The results suggest that the curfew led to a decrease of 17.9% in thieves per thousand inhabitants in municipalities that adopted it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]