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Text and data mining activities—that is, the automated processing of digital materials to uncover new knowledge—have become more frequent in all areas of scientific research. Because they require a massive use of copyrighted work, there are evident conflicts with copyright legislation. Countries at the forefront of research and development have begun to address this issue. This paper presents the basic aspects of legislation applicable to text and data mining activities. It offers a detailed comparative analysis of the norms of the main jurisdictions that have regulated them to date, highlighting in each case the positive and negative aspects. An adequate knowledge of these laws is not only important for researchers but also important for the academic librarians who provide advice and support in these matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of the technological measures that copyright holders employ to lock their works and discusses why users are disadvantaged. It compares the anticircumvention rules in the Digital Millenium Copyright Act in the US and the Copyright, Patents and Designs Act in the UK; the latest exemptions to circumventing activities released by the US Library of Congress are included. It reviews the evolution of Chinese anti-circumvention rules, starting with a well-known case preceding the promulgation of the anti-circumvention rules, then it examines the anti-circumvention provisions in the Copyright Act 1990, the Software Regulation 2001 and the ISP Interpretation 2004. It also critically analyzes the latest Network Regulation 2006 by comparing it with the DMCA and the CDPA. The paper suggests that the Chinese anticircumvention rules need to be constructed with more legal certainties. Recommendations are also made for additional redrafting to make China's anti-circumvention rules more adaptive to a digital environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An overview of U.S. and UK Copyright legislation reveals that fair use/fair dealing guidelines do not directly address the use of copyrighted materials in course management systems. Although many colleges and universities develop and share their own guidelines, there is no consensus among those institutions or between those institutions and publishers. Research on the use of copyrighted materials with course management systems is lacking and, together with the absence of legal or professional association mandates, librarians and institutions are open to charges of copyright in fringement. This situation is problematic for universities and may be fueling the trend toward Open Access publication of university research. This paper reviews the existing codified guidelines for fair use of copyrighted materials from the 1970s through the present, some legal challenges that have occurred, and how some of the larger universities are currently handling the questions of fair use and licensing as they pertain to course management systems. In addition, a recommendation is made for research to bring the parties closer to an accepted set of guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports that the book "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man," by James Joyce has passed out of copyright protection and into the public domain in the U.S. and Great Britain. Publication of numerous editions of the novel; Effect of the reinstatement of copyright on the process; Significance of the collaboration between the author, the printer, the publisher, the bookseller and the reader in the establishment of the meaning of a literary work.