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We evaluated whether polymorphisms in interleukin (IL‑1) gene cluster (IL‑1 alpha [IL‑1A], IL‑1 beta [IL‑1B], and IL‑1 receptor antagonist [IL‑1RN]) are associated with end stage renal disease (ESRD). A total of 258 ESRD patients and 569 ethnicity matched controls were examined for IL‑1 gene cluster. These were genotyped for five single‑nucleotide gene polymorphisms in the IL‑1A, IL‑1B and IL‑1RN genes and a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the IL‑1RN. The IL‑1B − 3953 and IL‑1RN + 8006 polymorphism frequencies were significantly different between the two groups. At IL‑1B, the T allele of − 3953C/T was increased among ESRD (P = 0.0001). A logistic regression model demonstrated that two repeat (240 base pair [bp]) of the IL‑1Ra VNTR polymorphism was associated with ESRD (P = 0.0001). The C/C/C/C/C/1 haplotype was more prevalent in ESRD = 0.007). No linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed between six loci of IL‑1 gene. We further conducted a meta‑analysis of existing studies and found that there is a strong association of IL‑1 RN VNTR 86 bp repeat polymorphism with susceptibility to ESRD (odds ratio = 2.04, 95% confidence interval = 1.48-2.82; P = 0.000). IL‑1B − 5887, +8006 and the IL‑1RN VNTR polymorphisms have been implicated as potential risk factors for ESRD. The meta‑analysis showed a strong association of IL‑1RN 86 bp VNTR polymorphism with susceptibility to ESRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]