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Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of sorafenib combined with capecitabine in Hui versus Han residents with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Sanya, Hainan, China- Methods A total of 96 Hui and Han residents with advanced HCC took oral capecitabine 1500 mg/m² twice daily for 14 days followed by a 7 - day withdrawal, which was repeated at least twice; besides, sorafenib was given orally at a dose of 400 mg twice daily until tumor progression occurred- Comparison of continuous data between the two groups was made by t test, while comparison of categorical data was made by chi - square test- Results In the two groups of Hui and Han patients, the rates of alpha - fetoprotein reduction were 60.9% and 40.0%, respectively (X² = 4.173, P = 0.041); the rates of serum ferritin reduction were 50.0% and 30.0%, respectively (X² = 4.007, P = 0.027); the rates of tumor regression were 54.3% and 34.0% as shown by CT (X² =4.030, P = 0.045) ; the response rates were 32.6% and 14.0%, respectively (X² =4.697, P = 0.030) - Survival analysis suggested the combination of sorafenib and capecitabine had provided a significantly higher overall survival rate in Hui patients than in Han patients ( P < 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05 ). Conclusion In Sanya, a combination of sorafenib and capecitabine has better efficacy in Hui patients with advanced HCC than in Han patients, and the former have a higher overall survival rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the BA scale-free model can' t imitate realistic war environment perfectly, because the traditional algorithm of complex network model construction cannot embody the characteristics of the weapon and equipment system used in the military application domains. So the algorithm need to be expanded. Combined the theory of OODA, this paper proposed a method that let new node choose the same kind nodes or neighbor kind nodes to connect instead of having the chance to connect every node. And it proposed a computing method that was capable for the weapon and equipment requirement and the construction algorithm of weapons and equipment operation model based on the mechanism of preferential choosing according to the ability of nodes and remedied the drawbacks of the later in node that could hard to develop in the BA scale-free model. Therefore, the node with high ability value in the network could be fully effective and improved the robustness of the network eventually. The experiment simulation has verified that the proposed model is suitable for the campaign mode in practical and has the lower complexity. Besides, contrasted the difference between the two model from the aspect of the parameters of degree distribution, cluster coefficient and average path of the network, the result proves the high invulnerability of the new network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the problems of privacy leakage caused by the structure of office workflow diagram, this paper constructed a privacy protection model for office automation systems, which proposes an unified anonymization algorithm for actual 1-neighbourhood nodes protecting and the minimum random disturbance method for weights protecting based on the idea of social network anonymization. The model was effectively useful for preventing attackers from recognizing important nodes in an office network by the information of background, the nodes degree and workflow between different nodes, which has been scientifically verified about its usability by experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve anti-multipath interference debility of linear frequency modulation (Chirp) binary orthogonal keying (BOK), this paper proposed an algorithm emploied square law detection and equalization. Square law detection could resist the influence on pulse compression caused by frequency offset and phase offset, to low complexity and enhance robust, its performance reduction was less than 0. 2 dB in the condition of high frequency offset and doppler frequency shift extension. This paper analyzed the equalization model of BOK square law detection, demonstrated the feasibility of the equalization and corroborated the performance of equalization and detection in multipath channel with high frequency offset and doppler frequency shift extension. The simulation results indicate that introducing square law detection and equalization can efficiently improve system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrub encroachment has been a wide phenomenon across the arid and semi-arid grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China. Although numerous studies have investigated the effect of this phenomenon on community composition, ecosystem structure, and nutrient cycling, reports on the distribution patterns of shrub encroachment are limited. A recent development in satellite remote sensing enables accurate assessment of shrub distribution and its dynamics at large scales. In this paper, the combined ground survey in Xianghuangqi, four satellite images (with spatial resolution of 5.8 m) of ZY-3, covering nearly the whole area and taken between July and August in 2013, were used to identify the shrub distribution in this region. It should be noted that the shrub here indicated the shrub-grass mosaic due to the mixed pixel effect, and the identification was weak when the coverage of shrub was on low levels. The NDVI threshold method was first used to extract the vegetation coverage area, and then three traditional pixel-oriented methods (Support vector machine, Maximum likelihood and Mahalanobis distance), compared with the object-oriented method, were used for the classification of images. Object-oriented method is different from the traditional one, in that the classification is not based on the spectral characteristics of individual pixel, but relies on the image object with spatial texture and shape and size characteristics. Ground survey data were used to compare the accuracy level of these methods. It indicated that the shrub recognition accuracy by using support vector machine algorithm is the highest among the three pixel-oriented methods, with higher producer accuracy and user accuracy than the other two algorithms. Furthermore, the overall classification accuracy of this algorithm is 81.15% higher than that of the maximum likelihood (73.33%) and the Mahalanobis distance (61.77%). However, the overall recognition accuracy by using the object-oriented approach (combined scale 97) was up to 89.24%. It also revealed that the proportion of shrub omission and commission decreased while the combined scale of object increased. These results suggest that the object-oriented method, with high accuracy level, is much more favorable in shrub extraction from grassland background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of aphid in winter wheat field has a significant impact on the production of winter wheat. An effective and timely forewarning of the scope and severity of the disease at a regional scale will not only reduce yield losses but also alert the stakeholders to take effective preventive measures. Forecasting aphid occurrence with Remote Sensing has great advantages over traditional methods and meteorological data, such as lower cost, simpler operation, more real-time and higher resolution. Chinese HJ-1A/1B data which have a high revisit frequency (<4 days )as well as 30 m spatial resolution, in addition to a full band set covering visible, near-infrared, short-wave infrared, mid-infrared and thermal infrared spectral ranges, which thus significantly expand opportunities of remote sensing application in predicting crop diseases and pest. According to the literature research and field investigation found that apart from crops growth status was closely related to wheat aphid occurrence, development, and dispersal, the environmental conditions of field, such as temperature and humidity, also have a certain impact on its susceptibility to pest. In this study, we retrieve two parts of information from multi-temporal HJ-CCD optical data and HJ-IRS thermal infrared data, including Ratio vegetation index (RVI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) representing grow status of wheat, Perpendicular Drought Index (PDI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) that represent the environmental characteristics. An independent t-test analysis was used to test the difference between pest and healthy samples based on calibration data. Those vegetation and environmental factors that failed to show a statistical significant (p-value <0.001) were eliminated. Five remotely sensed variables (NDVI-T1, RVI-T1, LST-T1, LST-T2, and PDI-T2) were identified as optimal explanatory variables for developing the pest forecasting model. The relevance vector machine (RVM) model was established to predict aphid occurrence of filling stage of wheat in the Beijing suburbs, which is a machine learning algorithm and commonly used to improve business decisions, detect disease, and forecast weather credit to its superior learning ability when on a small datasets. The results obtained from the RVM model are compared with prediction models developed using logistic regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM) techniques. Goodness-of-fit values of the calibrated models were evaluated through the p-value of Spearman test. In addition, the association between observed outcome of pest occurrence and predicted outcome of pest occurrence was evaluated by using three different measures: Somers'D, Goodman-Kruskal gamma, and Kendall's Tau-c. The RVM model produced a higher Spearman p-value than that the LR model and the SVM model did, indicating that the RVM model had a better performance to predict the aphid than the other two models. Moreover, the values of Somers'D, Goodman-Kruskal Gamma, and Kendall's Tau-c were all higher with the RVM model than those with the remaining model, which further demonstrated the better performance of the RVM model on the training datasets. To further evaluate the difference of performances of the three types of models, we obtain accuracy of models respectively based on validation samples. The results showed that: accuracy by using RVM algorithm is the highest among the three methods, with lower omission and commission than the other two algorithms. Furthermore, the overall prediction accuracy and the kappa coefficient of the RVM model are 87.5%, 0.71respectively, have shown better performance over the SVM model (79.2%,0.55) and the LR model (75.0%,0.44). Additionally, the RVM model needs less computation work and faster prediction speed. These results revealed that the RVM model with high accuracy level and prediction efficiency is much more favorable in forecast the pest occurrence at a regional scale effective and timely. It indicated that the result of this research can be used in different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banana as a famous tropical and subtropical fruit, is one of the four most famous fruits in the world, which is a monocotyledon herb belonging to the fruit of the genus Musa (family Musaceae). Banana pseudo stem is the by-product of the planting process. The biomass of banana pseudo stem can reach 27 million tons, which is calculated according to the 2 600 strains per hm2 and pseudo stem's fresh weight of 35 kg per strain. Therefore, banana pseudo stem is a large quantity of agricultural waste of tropical zones in China. The soil nutrients and organic matter can increase soil organic content effectively, and improve soil structure, quality and yield of banana by returning chopped pseudo stem to field in time. The straw shattering and returning technology research are mainly concentrated on wheat straw, corn stover and by-products of other crops in domestic, such as rice and cotton. There are problems such as the excessive consumption of machine power, cutting tool damaged easily due to the winding of stem fiber, which needs further improvement to the machine. In view of the above problems, this paper designed a horizontal-shaft returning chopped machine, which was suitable for the banana pseudo stem that was bulky, brittle and with high moisture content. This paper described the overall design of the machine, and determined the structure parameters and working parameters of main parts, such as pushing device, roll-cutter feeding device and chopped device. The movement and force analysis of chopped blade was also carried out. This machine composed mainly of down device, roll-cutter feeding device, chopped device, leveling device, suspension mechanism and hood. It will by overturn, cut broken feed, crushing returning and leveling four processes to deal directly with banana pseudo. Pushing device mounted on the front of the tractor. Roll-cutter feeding device, chopped device and leveling device connected together in order from front to back on the rear of the tractor. Chopped device located inside the hood, and constitute the grinding chamber with hood. In the course of their work, roll-cutter feeding device and chopped device driven by the power output shaft of the tractor rear, leveling device scrolling rely on friction of between leveling roller and the straw residue on the ground. And this machine can be adapted to different operating environments and operating requirements by adjusting the working height of the suspension mechanism. Field experiments indicated that the chopped percent of banana pseudo stem had reached 96.6% with the 21.4 L/hm2 oil consumption, and the 0.42-0.46 hm2/h efficiency of machine. When the tractor's forward speed reached 2.16-3.60 km/h, the back power shaft output the speed of 720 r/min. The chopped stem's average length of 57 mm had satisfied the agronomic requirements of returning straw. The machine has advantages of excellent performance, simple operation, safe and reliable work, and remarkable ecological and economic benefit, which has a broad prospect for the promotion in the banana planting areas of the south of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banana as a famous tropical and subtropical fruit, is one of the four most famous fruits in the world, which is a monocotyledon herb belonging to the fruit of the genus Musa (family Musaceae). Banana pseudo stem is the by-product of the planting process. The biomass of banana pseudo stem can reach 27 million tons, which is calculated according to the 2 600 strains per hm² and pseudo stem's fresh weight of 35 kg per strain. Therefore, banana pseudo stem is a large quantity of agricultural waste of tropical zones in China. The soil nutrients and organic matter can increase soil organic content effectively, and improve soil structure, quality and yield of banana by returning chopped pseudo stem to field in time. The straw shattering and returning technology research are mainly concentrated on wheat straw, corn stover and by-products of other crops in domestic, such as rice and cotton. There are problems such as the excessive consumption of machine power, cutting tool damaged easily due to the winding of stem fiber, which needs further improvement to the machine. In view of the above problems, this paper designed a horizontal-shaft returning chopped machine, which was suitable for the banana pseudo stem that was bulky, brittle and with high moisture content. This paper described the overall design of the machine, and determined the structure parameters and working parameters of main parts, such as pushing device, roll-cutter feeding device and chopped device. The movement and force analysis of chopped blade was also carried out. This machine composed mainly of down device, roll-cutter feeding device, chopped device, leveling device, suspension mechanism and hood. It will by overturn, cut broken feed, crushing returning and leveling four processes to deal directly with banana pseudo. Pushing device mounted on the front of the tractor. Roll-cutter feeding device, chopped device and leveling device connected together in order from front to back on the rear of the tractor. Chopped device located inside the hood, and constitute the grinding chamber with hood. In the course of their work, roll-cutter feeding device and chopped device driven by the power output shaft of the tractor rear, leveling device scrolling rely on friction of between leveling roller and the straw residue on the ground. And this machine can be adapted to different operating environments and operating requirements by adjusting the working height of the suspension mechanism. Field experiments indicated that the chopped percent of banana pseudo stem had reached 96.6% with the 21.4 L/hm² oil consumption, and the 0.42-0.46 hm²/h efficiency of machine. When the tractor's forward speed reached 2.16-3.60 km/h, the back power shaft output the speed of 720 r/min. The chopped stem's average length of 57 mm had satisfied the agronomic requirements of returning straw. The machine has advantages of excellent performance, simple operation, safe and reliable work, and remarkable ecological and economic benefit, which has a broad prospect for the promotion in the banana planting areas of the south of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the trend of global warming has become increasingly evident. This grim situation has become a common problem which countries around the world have to face. In addition, with decreasing fossil energy resources, energy shortages have become a major problem to be solved. China is a large agricultural country whose residues of straw, wood and other organic matters are over 900 million tons every year, among which there are more than 300 million tons that can be effectively and easily processed and utilized ( straw occupies about 200 million tons). Biomass resources are extremely rich; once processed into "briquettes", they can replace 200 million tons of ordinary coal. Bio-briquette technology research is of great economic and social importance and plays an invaluable role in easing the global environmental issues and the "energy crisis.". Since the oil crisis in the 1970s, biomass as a kind of clean and renewable energy has attracted the world's attention. China has also conducted a series of research and carried out applications in this field. For now, biomass fuels are the main screw extrusion molding equipment, piston-type and roller die stamping. Roll mode compacted biomass molding machines are most widely used for it has a simple structure, being both compact and easy to use. Flat molding machines are one of the biomass briquetting machines. Flat molding machines applied on the market currently are mostly single pairs of straight rollers, using pulleys and gears for a 2-stage-transmission, and are mainly used with woody biomass, wheat straw, corn stalks, forestry waste and other raw materials. But there is not much research on the use of molding machines for solid fuel made of mixed raw materials such as tropical crop residues, including banana stalks, coconut shell, and sugarcane leaves. In the existing operation processes of die-cutting (flat molding) machines, the vertical rollers (straight press roller) have a more serious abrasion. And in order to achieve a greater transmission ratio, the 2-stage-transmission system applied will make the size of the complete machine too large. To solve the above problems, this paper research designed a tapered roller planetary wheel and an outside molding machine solid fuel level and describes the main components of the aircraft structure. This paper also focuses on the motion analysis and stress analysis of the roll device and determines the optimum value of the key parameter. Performance test results show that: In the case when motor power is 45 kW, cone roll revolution speed is 190 r/min and rotation speed is 543 r/min and the feed conveyor means is 3 kW. The production rate is 850 kg/h, pellet fuel forming rate is 96.5%, particle mass density is 1.25 g/cm3, and the moisture content of the particles after forming is 2.82%, mechanical durability is 96.74%, comply with the requirements of biomass pellet fuel molding. The whole working process with low noise and smooth operation, it has significant economic and ecological benefits and provides a reference for China tropics solid fuel molding machine development and promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]