Search

In the era of informatization and digitization, the rapid increase in the number of scientific papers has given rise to various challenges, such as lengthy articles, difficulty in information extraction and high time costs associated with reading. Literature reading challenges for researchers are increasingly tedious and time-consuming. By utilizing the language models, the assited reading system of scientific papers has been designed to address these challenges. By adopting machine reading comprehension technology as the core, the system parses scientific texts and offers some common questions to achieve automated response capabilities. By fully utilizing the pre-trained language model PERT, the system enhances its capabilities in semantic understanding and information extraction, effectively resolving various challenges in reading scientific papers and helping readers improve the efficiency of scientific literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method was proposed for point-of-care testing (POCT) of immunosuppressants in blood using thin-layer paper spray ionization and a miniature mass spectrometer. The aluminum thin-layer plate was used as paper spray substrate, and cut into an equilateral triangle. Aliquots of 10 μL blood sample were loaded on the aluminum thin-layer plate, and then 20 μL methanol was dropped as elution/spray solvent. The tip of the triangular plate was placed 1.0 cm in front of the discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface (DAPI) of the miniature mass spectrometer. When the spray voltage was applied, the sample was eluted from the triangular plate and formed paper spray ionization at the tip. Coupled with the miniature mass spectrometer, five immunosuppressants were detected under negative ion mode. The precursor ions ［M-H］- of tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, ciclosporin A, and mycophenolic acid are m/z 802.6, 912.6, 957.1, 1 200.8, 319.1, and product ions are m/z 560.2 and 604.3, m/z 590.3 and 321.2, m/z 590.3 and 365.2, m/z 1 088.8, m/z 287.4 and 275.1, respectively. Based on the observed signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the most intense tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragment peaks and using the S/N=3 and 10 as the criteria, the limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) are estimated to be 0.5-5 mg/L and 1-10 mg/L, respectively. The internal standard method was used for quantitative analysis, and indapamide was used as the internal standard compound. Sufficient linearity for each analyte is obtained with the correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.99. The proposed method displays good recoveries in the range of 91.0%-114.3% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 8.4%. Moreover, the developed method was used for the analysis of blood samples, which spiked with tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, cyclosporine A and mycophenolic acid at the concentration of 100 mg/L. The analytical results demonstrated the consistency between the proposed method and the traditional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The entire analysis procedure can be completed within 1 min. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, efficient, and suitable for POCT of immunosuppressants in blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examined the effects of cationic starch（CS） as a reinforcing agent and a binary reinforcement system with nanocellulose（NC） on the reinforcement of recycled paper produced from old corrugated cartons（OCC）. To determine an appropriate dosage of CS, we examined the effects of CS dosage on the performance of OCC recycled paper. Further, using the optimal dosage identified, the effects of its addition on the performance of OCC recycled paper were investigated by adding NC to form a binary reinforcement system. The strengthening mechanism of the CS-NC binary composite system was examined based on a combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, field emission scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and thermogravimetric（TG） analyses. The results revealed that CS（1.5%） had the best enhancement effect on OCC recycled paper, with burst, tensile, and tear strengths of hand sheets being increased by 17.62%, 18.18%, and 22.93%, respectively, and air permeability being decreased by 28.55%, compared with the control group. Furthermore, we found that combined treatments with 1.5% CS and NC all enhanced the performance of OCC, with optimal effects being observed when NC was added at a 1% concentration. Compared with the improvements obtained with the sole addition of 1.5% CS, the combined treatment was found to increase the burst, tensile, and tear strengths of OCC recycled paper by a further 5.11%, 11.54%, and 13.46%, respectively, and reduced air permeability by 12.58%. The findings of FTIR analysis revealed that CS can bind to pulp fibers, and that the addition of NC increases the number of hydrogen bonds, thereby facilitating a tighter bonding between fibers. Moreover, SEM observations of the microscopic morphology of the surface of recycled paper indicated that the CS-NC binary system can contribute to a more compact and tighter inter-fiber bonding. In addition, the TG analysis results revealed that by enhancing fiber cross-linking, the CS-NC treatment could increase thermal degradation of the remaining residue of OCC recycled paper to up to 600°C. Our findings in this study indicate that treatment with a combination of CS and NC can significantly enhance the performance of OCC recycled paper. We believe that our results would provide a valuable reference for the repeated recycling of OCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] Interdisciplinary research can creatively solve complex problems in natural environment and human society through knowledge integration and penetration. With the increase of interdisciplinary research results, the evaluation of interdisciplinarity becomes increasingly necessary. How to establish an effective method for interdisciplinarity measurement and achieve a comprehensive measurement of scientific research papers is an urgent problem to be solved. [Method/Process] Based on the above background, this study takes the data of scientific research papers as the analysis source, deconstructs the interdisciplinarity of scientific research papers from multiple dimensions, constructs the feature set of interdisciplinarity of scientific research papers, and on this basis proposes the method for measuring interdisciplinarity based on the adaptive method of machine learning, and conducts a comprehensive measurement of interdisciplinarity. This study has certain positive significance for researchers to understand the interdisciplinary papers in the field. The work process is as follows: First of all, the basic concepts of interdisciplinarity are sorted out and related concepts are discriminated, and the index of interdisciplinarity of different dimensions is analyzed. Based on the connotation and characteristics of interdisciplinary research, the characteristic index of interdisciplinarity of scientific research papers is extracted from three dimensions: subject attribute, knowledge network topology and knowledge integration text content. Secondly, an interdisciplinarity measurement method based on machine learning is constructed. By analyzing information gain and feature similarity of input indexes and data in feature sets, a feature selection calculation method based on adaptive feature selection is proposed, and the accuracy of feature classification is maximized by machine learning classifier. At the same time, the feature subset that can best express the interdisciplinary is selected based on the adaptive selection of the minimum number of features, and the selected adaptive feature set is used in the calculation of the interdisciplinary of the paper, and the results of the calculation of the original feature set are analyzed comprehensively. Finally, an empirical study was carried out in the field of plant nanobiotechnology to verify the effectiveness of the index system and adaptive feature selection listed above, identify and screen papers with high interdisciplinarity in the field, measure the interdisciplinarity of papers and identify key influencing factors based on the calculation of subject attributes, knowledge network topology and knowledge integration text content features. [Results/Conclusions] The main empirical results show that, among the subject attributes, the balance degree and the difference degree have a greater effect on the interdisciplinary evaluation. The overall effect of knowledge network topology structure features is satisfactory, the distribution breadth of knowledge integration text content features has a greater effect on interdisciplinary evaluation, and the calculation effect is further improved by fitness weighted summation of each feature. The results demonstrate that the adaptive feature selection proposed in this paper can effectively screen the interdisciplinary related feature indexes, improve the reliability of the results, and achieve a comprehensive and in-depth measurement of the interdisciplinary of scientific research papers. This measure method avoids the subjective defects that may occur in qualitative evaluation and the problems that different measure indicators may produce contradictory results. It provides a new idea and direction for interdisciplinary measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been a rapid increase in the number of studies related to COVID-19 at home and abroad. Review of relevant literature on COVID-19 provides data resources for related research on the emergence and transmission mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. However, the current COVID-19 related dataset is a collection of the literature, without classifying the data for each subfield, and the coarse-grained information such as the title and author fails to provide an in-depth understanding of the progress of COVID-19 research. Therefore, this paper created a dataset for the COVID-19 sub-domain and a fine-grained entity dataset. [Method/Process] Firstly, this paper proposed a literature screening method based on active learning model, which can obtain more valuable marker samples with less labor cost, so that the classifier has better generalization performance. We considered three base classifiers: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), and Random Forest (RF), while considering four query strategies: uncertainty sampling, expected error reduction, committee-based query, and random sampling. Taking the origin of SARS-CoV-2, one of the sub-fields related to SARS-CoV-2, as an example, articles related to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 were efficiently and accurately located from the literature. At the same time, this paper designed a labeling scheme covering 18 types of entities, including not only genes, proteins, compounds and other entities that are universal in the biological field, but also corona viruses and wild animals that are unique to the field of SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, visual annotation tool BRAT was used for entity annotation. The tagging team consisted of an administrator and six annotators, and the entity tagging consisted of two rounds. What's more, multi-k consistency index was used to calculate the consistency score of annotation results. [Results/Conclusions] The results of the active learning model show that the uncertain sampling query strategy has the best performance. SVM, LR and RF based on uncertain sampling can correctly screen 425, 465 and 489 articles, respectively. After the removal of overlapping articles, a dataset related to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 was constructed, containing a total of 885 articles. Secondly, based on the proposed entity labeling scheme, 6 annotators completed 99 papers. Based on the results of fine marking, this paper constructed an entity dataset containing 39,118 entities, which is the largest and most comprehensive entity corpus in the field of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] This paper investigates the research on author name disambiguation published in recent years, and reviews the development context of relevant research from the perspective of the impact of data on author name disambiguation methods, so as to provide reference for further research. [Method/Process] The papers related to author name disambiguation were collected from English research databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Academic, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Springer Link, and Chinese research databases such as CNKI, CQVIP and WANFANG. The search results cover the relevant papers published from 1998 to 2021. On the premise of giving consideration to authority, influence and novelty, 46 publicationswere selected for review. There are many types and structures of author name disambiguation data. For example, literature feature information is generally presented in unstructured text, and the extracted features can be stored and represented in two-dimensional tables; Citation information and interpersonal relationship are network relational data, which can be stored and represented by graphs, key value pairs or two-dimensional tables. The fundamental reason for different data structures lies in their semantic differences, but the data structure itself determines its applicable algorithm. According to the structure of characteristic data used in the author name disambiguation task and the different corresponding data processing algorithms, the relevant research is divided into three categories: 1) disambiguation method based on literature characteristics, 2) disambiguation method based on social network and 3) disambiguation method by integrating external knowledge. The impact of data on the author name disambiguation method is examined from the data level. [Results/Conclusions] The analysis found that with the progress of technology, deep learning methods have been widely used. Compared with the improvement of the model, the feature learning and representation based on deep learning can significantly improve the effect of the author name disambiguation algorithm. In addition, in order to overcome the problem of insufficient data utilization by a single method and improve the utilization efficiency of data, the three methods show the trend of mutual combination and complementary gain. From the literature research results, there are few related studies on incremental author name disambiguation and multi-language author name disambiguation, which could be one of the directions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] Science funding provides financial support for academic institutions, researchers and research projects, and at the same time plays a guiding role in the development of scientific innovation. The research of funded papers contributes to the development of the discipline and is of great significance to the encouragement and support of researchers. [Method/Process] Based on the funded papers published in Chinese journals and foreign journals in the field of library and information science (LIS) during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, this paper analyzes from the perspectives of the time distribution of papers issued, research output of difierent types foundations and the research topics. [Results/Conclusions] The number of fiinded papers published in Chinese journals in LIS from 2016 to 2020 has decreased year by year, but the number of fiinded papers published in foreign journals has slowly increased year by year; for funded papers published in Chinese journal during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, provincial (municipal) foundations funded papers are more outstanding, and National Natural Science Foundation funded papers are more notable for the number and effects of the funded papers in foreign journals; the fiinded papers in Chinese journals show a great impact on library sendees, changes and data, digital resource construction and university libraries; while fiinded papers in foreign journals pay more attention to social media, theme models, scientometrics and library construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used bibliometrics to analyze the characteristics of funded papers in the social sciences in Taiwan from 2015 to 2019, including the number of funded papers, funded paper ratio, document types, fields, type of publishing organizations, journal impact, and paper citation impact. The results indicate that the number of funded papers and the funded paper ratio of SSCI papers from Taiwan have both increased. In addition to articles and reviews, conference papers are a major type of funded paper for local SSCI papers. In terms of fields, the nontraditional social sciences, such as environmental sciences, psychiatry, and public/environmental & occupational health, have a particularly high funded paper ratio. However, the number of funded papers and funded paper ratio is the highest in the field of education & educational research. The fields of economics, management, and business have a large number of funded papers but a low funded paper ratio. Universities are the main funded institutions, but hospitals have the highest funded paper ratio. Funded papers tend to have higher paper citation impacts. Therefore, funding positively affects the productivity and impact of SSCI papers from Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the soil hydraulic characteristics across a wide range of suctions (0-10 MPa) of Benggang soil, the soil water holding capacities of different soil layers in Benggang was determined using the pressure film meter and the filter paper methods. Traditional and modified Van Genuchten-Mualem (VG) models were used to fit the soil moisture characteristics curves. The results showed that the water-holding curves determined by the pressure film meter and filter paper methods intersected and tended to overlap. This observation suggested combining the two measurement methods to obtain soil moisture characteristic curves over a wide suction range. Further, within the wide suction range, the water-holding capacity of the sandy soil layer was higher than that of the red and detritus soil layers in the low suction stage (h<0.1 MPa). However, in the high suction stage (h>0.1 MPa), the red soil layer had the highest water-holding capacity. Both the traditional and modified VG models were able to fit the soil moisture characteristics of each soil layer of the Benggang wall with a root mean square error of less than 0.021 5. The Nash efficiency and correlation coefficients were greater than 0.926 6 and 0.899 1, respectively. Noticeably, the modified VG model was more suitable for describing the soil moisture characteristic curves of the Benggang wall across a wide suction range. The residual values of the soil moisture characteristic curves for the red, sandy, and detritus layers were 378 kPa (corresponding to a water content of 18.82%), 173 kPa (corresponding to a water content of 18.95%), and 92 kPa (corresponding to a water content of 18.41%), respectively. Finally, the form of the segmental function (with the residual value as the inflection point) was more suitable for describing the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity over a wide suction range of Benggang soils than the conventional VG model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposal of a national strategy for the "New Western Land Sea Corridor" will affect the reconstruction of the overall freight distribution pattern in western China. As the most important hub node for cargo distribution and transshipment in inland areas, the inland port (or dry port) is of great significance to regional economic development, logistics systems, and the construction of a new regional development pattern. Therefore, 111 papers on inland port research in international core journals have been selected in this study to systematically review the research status of inland ports and put forward the key directions and development trends for future research to serve the theoretical research and construction planning practice of inland ports in China, and globally. In this study, the literature metrology method is adopted to divide inland port research and development into three stages: the first stage is the initial stage (before 2005); the second stage is the slow fluctuating growth stage (2006-2017); the third stage is the rapid increase stage (2018-present). Scholars are interested in inland port research mainly from mainland China, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other countries (regions). Related research topics on inland ports are mostly combined with transportation, logistics, and other fields, which indicates that inland ports have become an important part of transportation systems and supply chain transportation networks. Among specific related research topics, the concept of inland ports is an important research topic, mainly focusing on the differences in naming and function, facilities of inland ports under different geographical backgrounds, and additional functions extended with economic development; however, its concept has not yet been unified. Research on the spatial layout system of inland ports shows that the inland port site selection and layout can be roughly summed up as a supply chain-oriented pattern, and industrial cluster-oriented pattern; the former often near port cargo distribution of traffic nodes, while the latter is on the border between the end of the supply chain. The location and layout of inland ports are influenced by economic foundation, transportation infrastructure, and local policy factors. Inland ports have a profound impact on the region. In terms of spatial effects, they have an impact on urban spatial planning and land use; in terms of economic effects, they can promote regional economic development and employment; in terms of environmental effects, they can reduce energy consumption and emissions, and promote the realization of regional sustainable development. In the operation and control of inland ports, special attention should be paid to the relationship between port planning and each manager, as well as to the management system, to realize the efficient, sustainable, and healthy development of inland ports. Finally, based on the new trends of global inland port logistics research and the realistic demand of China, we put forward several suggestions for future research, including the redefinition of dry ports, spatial layout and planning of inland ports, their regional influence, the port-city relationship, risk of investment, and potential benefits of inland ports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] "The Belt and Road" is an initiative proposed by China in recent years to cooperate and develop a community with a shared future for mankind, which has been continuously highly concerned by all circles at home and abroad. From the perspective of the citation of highly cited papers, the academic exchange of countries along the Belt and Road initiative cam provide a quantitative reference for future international academic and technological exchanges, collaborative innovation and development. [Method/Process] Based on the highly cited papers among the countries along the "The Belt and Road" in the WoS database from 2013 to 2018, this paper constructed a reference matrix and analyzed the network structure, and drew a national citation network map for cluster division. Furthermore, it explored the current state of academic exchange along the "The Belt and Road" and the direction of Chinese academic output, and further analyzed the correlation between Chinese academic exchanges and trade cooperation with other 64 countries along the route. [Results/Conclusions] The research results show that the countries along "The Belt and Road" have close academic exchange and obvious "small world" characteristics. China is the core of academic exchange and the highly cited papers in many research directions in China are cited by many countries along "The Belt and Road". Besides, academic exchange and trade cooperation between China and countries along "The Belt and Road" are strongly related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, tunicate cellulose nanocrystals(tCNC) were investigated as a filler added to bleached kraft pulp. First, tCNC were prepared through bleaching and acid hydrolysis. The structure, morphology, crystallinity, and particle size and zeta potential of the tCNC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a malvern particle sizer, respectively. Second, kraft pulp with a consistency of 10% was refined to 42 °SR through a PFI refiner. Then 60 g·m-2 handsheets were prepared from this pulp. Prior to preparing the handsheets, tunicate nanocellulose was thoroughly mixed into the pulp at four gradients:0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, and 1.5%. Cationic polyacrylamides(CPAM) were added to the pulp slurry as a retention agent. A control experiment was set up accordingly. The effects of tCNC addition on the tearing, tensile, burst, air permeability, and optical properties of the handsheets were evaluated. The results indicated that the maximum increase in the tear index was 12.00% when tCNC was added 0.6%. The tensile index reached its maximum value when tCNC was added at 0.6%, with an increase of 12.04% compared to pure pulp sheets. The tensile index increased by 16.55%. In this experiment, nanocellulose prepared from a mantle sea animal was used for the first time as reinforcing filler in papermaking, which has greatly extended the application of tCNC in the enhancement of paper strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco smoke contains a large number of harmful substances and has been widely proved to be able to induce a variety of human diseases. Human eyes are exposed to ambient air for a long time in daily life and are susceptible to air pollutants such as tobacco smoke in the air. Therefore, direct monitoring of characteristic components of tobacco smoke in human tears is expected to efficiently assess the exposure level of tobacco smoke to human eyes. Due to human tears at the microliter level, conventional sample collection and chemical analysis methods are a challenging task. Mass spectrometry (MS) has the unique advantages of high sensitivity, specificity and speed, especially, the development of ambient MS with solid substrates has greatly facilitated direct sample analysis with little or no sample pretreatment. Schirmer paper strip is clinically used for sampling of human tears, which is safe, non-invasive, and can be used for measuring the volume of tears. In this study, a small Schirmer paper strip was further prepared for noninvasive microsampling of human tears which exposed to tobacco smoke, and high voltage and an organic solvent were applied onto Schirmer paper to directly generate paper spray ionization for ambient MS analysis. The good analytical performances, including sensitivity (LOD: 0.1 μg/L, S/N≥3; LOQ: 1.0 μg/L, S/N≥10), precision (RSD: 4.89%-7.61%, n=5, with internal standard), recovery (98%-102.1%, n=5), and linear range (0.5-50 μg/L, R2=0.991 8) were achieved. Monitoring nicotine in human tears under different exposure times was also investigated, showing that the concentration of nicotine will the increase with increasing the exposure time ranging from 0 to 8 min. The nicotine can research to be 45 μg/L after burning a cigarette (about 8 min). The retention time of nicotine in human tears was found to be about 20 min (less than 5%), and the half-life time is about 4 min. Overall, our results show that Schirmer paper spray mass spectrometry could be used for qualitative and quantitative detection of trace environmental exposures such as nicotine in human eyes with many advantages, including safe, noninvasive, easy-to-operation, low-consumption as low as 1.0 μL, and thus has potential for many applications in environmental exposure and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinones in PM2.5 are harmful substances that can damage body's immune system by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are mainly produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels such as petroleum, coal, wood and cigarettes. Meanwhile, the gas-phase reaction between poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxidative substances including ozone and radical species will result in the secondary formation of quinones. Rapid determination of quinones in PM2.5 is the basis for the health risk assessment and atmospheric environment quality control. However, the traditional methods for determining quinones in the atmosphere are time-consuming and labor-intensive, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Here, paper spray mass spectrometry was introduced for the rapid determination of quinones in PM2.5, which was an ambient ionization technique developed in 2010. The ionization efficiency of quinones in paper spray is low for their weak polarity and low proton affinity. To improve their ionization efficiency, an amino group was introduced into the quinone structures through the derivatization reaction between thiol reagents and quinones. The reaction conditions, including the type of derivatization reagent (glutathione, cysteine and cysteamine), spray voltage (3-5 kV), and spray solvent composition (acetonitrile, acetonitrile-alcohol (1∶1, V/V), acetonitrile-methanol (1∶1, V/V), acetonitrile-ethyl acetate (1∶1, V/V), were optimized. The results showed that the best performances were achieved with cysteamine as the thiol reagent, 5 kV as the spray voltage, and acetonitrile as the spray solvent. Under the optimal conditions, the analysis performances of the derivative-based paper spray for the determination of four quinones (1,4-benzoquinone, methyl-p-benzoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,4-anthraquinone) were characterized. With BQ-D4 and 1,4-NQ-D6 as internal standards (IS), it showed good linearity for 1,4-benzoquinone (IS, BQ-D4), methyl-p-benzoquinone (IS, BQ-D4), 1,4-naphthoquinone (IS, 1,4-NQ-D6) and 1,4-anthraquinone (IS, 1,4-NQ-D6) analysis with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.990, 0.993, 0.992, 0.990, respectively. Based on three times of the standard deviation of 11 blank values (3×δblank/k, k is the slope of the linear equation), the limits of detection (LODs) of BQ, MBQ, NQ and AQ were 4.49, 20.89, 0.13 and 0.17 ng, respectively. In addition, good qualitative and quantitative results were obtained for the analysis of 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,4-anthraquinone in PM2.5. This work provides a rapid, simple, low-cost and environment-friendly method for the quality control of quinones in PM2.5. However, the repeatability and quantitative ability of the derivative-based paper spray mass spectrometry should be further improved in the future, such as by the means of modifying the chromatographic paper with nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper spray mass spectrometry has received considerable attentions in recent years due to its simple operation, low cost and without tedious sample pretreatment prior to analysis. However, paper spray ionization (PSI) as a type of electrospray-based ionization source, there are few reports on exploring the ionization performance differences between it and two frequently used electrospray ionization (ESI) and nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI). Herein the ionization performance of above three ionization sources was compared systematically by using gasolines, myoglobin, cytochrome c and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) as samples. According to the obtained results, the ionization performance demonstrated the following trend: PSI

Traditional ion sources generally require complex sample pre-processing for the analytes, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and cannot meet the requirements of rapid on-site detection, this problem greatly restricts the scope of application of the mass spectrometer. Atmospheric pressure ion source is a new type of ionization technology which has emerged in the last ten years, and it is also one of the hotspots in the application of mass spectrometry technology in life sciences, environmental protection, medicine and health, food safety and other fields. With the wider application of mass spectrometry technology, direct and rapid analysis of the composition and content of complex system has become more and more important. Based on the developed miniaturized ion trap mass spectrometer and electric-filter paper spray ion source, this paper conducted in-depth experimental research on their analytical performance and application. With the aim of improving the signal intensity and detection sensitivity of the mass spectra, the aperture of the filter paper, the angle between the tip of the ion source and the horizontal plane, the distance between the ion source and the mass spectrometry injection capillary, and the material of the metal funnel were systematically optimized. The experimental results showed that when the filter paper with a pore size of 20-25 μm, the angle between the ion source tip and the horizontal plane is 15°-60°, and the distance between the ion source and the mass spectrometry injection capillary is 7.5 mm, the signal intensity is the highest, the used different metal materials have little effect on the signal intensity of the ion source. Under the optimized experimental conditions, standard samples of sucrose, kemptide, vitamin B2, rocuronium, arginine and fentanyl were tested, which greatly expanded the application range of the ion source. Analysis and detection of ammonia plus Huangmin capsules could quickly obtain the molecular ion peak of paracetamol (m/z 152), and the malachite green (m/z 329) molecular ion peak could be quickly detected in the living fish. In summary, the electric-filter paper spray ion source can realize rapid real-time detection and analysis, and reduce the complicated pre-processing process of the analytes. Furthermore, it can improve the sample analysis speed, and expand the application field of ion trap mass spectrometry technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A standardized operation of the paper pot machine has not been achieved. Therefore, the effects of humidity on uniformity were investigated. The filling volume and sawing length of the machine-produced paper pots were measured under various humidity conditions(20%,31%,47%,63%,67%,89%,98%) and analyzed in SPSS. The results showed that humidity influenced the set filling volume versus the actual filling volume, as well as the sawing length, except under 63% and 67% humidity. Homogeneity of the data variance was calculated, and the paper pots prepared under 63% and 67% humidity were significantly different (P<0.05) from the other levels. In these cases, the actual filling volume was comparable to the set volume, and the sawing length was similar to the standard sawing length. The low standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and dispersion indicate that the optimum humidity range for machine paper pot formation is between 60% and 70%. Paper pots produced in this humidity range had a production pass rate of 99.17% and a total qualified seedling rate of 89.88%. Paper pots produced within the optimal humidity range enables a more uniform filling volume and sawing length. Additionally, the pass and qualified seedling rates can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The porous characteristic of tlie paper substrate causes penetration and difusion of tlie li(_uid material on the surface. Therefore，it is extremely difficult to form an RFIDtag metal antenna by electroless deposition on the surface of the paper substrate. Aiming at this problem，the stannous chloride colloid solution \as applied to avoid the catalytic ink penetration in the paper - based substrate. Moreover， paper substrate was immersed in chitosan solu- tion， which could bring functional group and improve the conductivity and adhesion of RFID metal antenna. The SEM，XRD，EDS and adhesion test of the metal layer antenna of the RFID tag proved that the surface of the metal layer of tlie tag antenna had advantages including dense surface， high crystallinity， good adhesion， low resistivity (2.58X10-8 # + cm)，good mechanical properties (1000 bending test). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen doped fluorescent carbon dots (N-CDs) with high quantum yield (QY=87. 76%) were synthesized by solvothermal method using diphenylamino-4-benzaldehyde and o-phenylenediamine as raw materials and ethanol as solvent. The optical properties of N-CDs in organic solvents and aqueous solutions were investigated, indicating that N-CDs have good solvent dependence and chemical stability. The addition of water constructed a hydrogen bonding grid in N-CDs, thereby achieving a redshift in emission wavelength, and the N-CDs solution changes from blue to yellow. Furthermore, based on the reversible color change from blue to yellow of N-CDs fluorescent test strips, a portable air humidity visualization detection test strip was prepared. In addition, N-CDs can also be used for fluorescent ink, writing paper, and fluorescent flexible films, which expanding their applications in information transmission, advanced anti-counterfeiting encryption, and solid-state fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement and widespread adoption of digital technologies represented by artificial intelligence. the production and consumption of cultural works have undergone profound changes. The overlapping accumulation of digital cultural works has attracted more and more people to participate, fundamentally changing traditional production relationships. This study aims to explore the spatial characteristics of digital cultural works in the context of new technologies and their challenges to the current copyright management system. using Foucault's theory of heterotopia for in-depth analysis. In the research process, this paper adopts literature review. case analysis. and theoretical discussion methods to summarize the spatial characteristics of digital cultural works in terms of relational reconstruction, compensatory juxtaposition and dynamic segmentation. Additionally this study examines the impact of digital technologies on the copyright system in practice, including the protection of creators. stimulation of creativity and maintenance of balance. The research process involves several key steps. First, the study reviews the historical development of copyright law and its intended utopian ideals of protecting creators, stimulating creativity, and maintaining market balance. Next, it examines how digital technologies have disrupted these ideals by enabling widespread, low-cost reproduction and distribution of cultural works. The study then explores the spatial characteristics of digital cultural works. drawing on Foucault's heterotopia and Lefebvre's spatial theories to analyze how these characteristics manifest in digital spaces. Empirical testing is conducted through case studies of digital cultural works, assessing how they embody heterotopia characteristics. The research results show that digital cultural works gradually exhibit unique heterotopia characteristics, not only excelling in relational reconstruction and compensatory juxtaposition but also prominently featuring dynamic segmentation and diversified decoding. Digital technology provides creators with subversive means to resist the copyright system and the capitalist power structures behind it. making digital cultural spaces fundamentally different from traditional real spaces. Furthermore, the study highlights potential heterotopia crises in digital cultural spaces. such as aesthetic imbalance and technological disorientation. The application of heterotopia theory not only accurately grasps the spatial characteristics of digital cultural works but also offers a profound critique and powerful counteraction against the current copyright system dominated by capitalist power structures. paving the way for alternative approaches to copyright management. The innovation of this study lies in its first application of Foucault's heterotopia theory to analyze the spatial characteristics of digital cultural works, proposing the concept of digital cultural heterotopia and validating its applicability through practical cases. This research not only offers a profound critique of the current copyright system but also provides new ideas for reconstructing the copyright framework. holding significant policy implications and academic value. In terms of policy, the study suggests re-evaluating and adjusting the current copyrightsystem to meet the developmental needs of digital cultural spaces, providing better protection and incentives for creators. The research also offers a new perspective for academia, encouraging more researchers to focus on the spatial characteristics and social impacts of digital cultural works, thus promoting deeper research and academic exchange in this field. This research introduces the concept of heterotopia into the analysis of digital cultural spaces and copyright deconstruction, which provides a novel theoretical framework for understanding the spatial characteristics of digital cultural works and their implications for contemporary copyright law. The study's findings have significant policy implications, suggesting that current copyright systems need to be re-evaluated and potentially restructured to accommodate the unique characteristics of digital cultural spaces. By highlighting the need for a more flexible and inclusive approach to copyright management, this research offers valuable insights for policymakers, creators, and academics. The study's interdisciplinary approach, drawing on spatial theories, cultural studies, and copyright law. enhances its academic value and provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics at play in digital cultural spaces. The study further elaborates on how digital cultural spaces through their unique spatial characteristics and resistance to traditional copyright norms, create new forms of cultural production and consumption that are more inclusive and dynamic, prompting a rethinking of how cultural works are created. shared, and valued in the digital age. In conclusion, by studying the heterogeneity of digital cultural works, this paper reveals their spatial characteristics under the new technological context and their challenges to the copyright management system. Through the application of Foucault's heterotopia theory, the concept of digital cultural heterotopia is proposed, demonstrating significant theoretical value and practical implications. Future research should continue to monitor the development trends of digital cultural spaces. exploring their manifestations and social impacts in different cultural contexts, thereby providing theoretical support for constructing a more reasonable copyright management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empowering cultural sharing with digital intelligence technology and focusing on solving the problems of unbalanced and insufficient development in China's cultural field as well as the division of spiritual wealth is a practical path to build a modern Chinese civilization in line with the rapid development of digital technology and digital economy. While we have long emphasized the importance of cultural sharing. previous limitations in technical and market capacities have hindered our ability to realize this objective. The emergence of digital intelligence technology has provided a new impetus for the sharing of cultural production. distribution. circulation and consumption in science and technology. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the pragmatic groundwork for leveraging digital and intelligent technologies to facilitate cultural sharing has been progressively refined and established. guided by the policies of the CPC and the state. This paper further investigates the intricate predicaments in the realm of digital cultural development. encompassing the elucidation of platform ownership structure, the navigation of social capital investment and financing risks, and the comprehensive governance of platforms. We revealed that the operation mechanism of cultural resources and spiritual wealth on the digital cultural platform still has a certain gap with the concept of cultural sharing, thus, increasing the threshold for rational allocation of cultural resources and equal sharing of cultural achievements, and exacerbating the mismatch of values and the polarization of spiritual wealth. Specifically, platform data tends to be monopolized, which is not conducive to the sharing of public spiritual wealth by all individuals: excessive profit-seeking in investment and financing in the cultural industry exacerbates the imbalance in the distribution of cultural resources: algorithmic discrimination in digital cultural communication results in disordered differentiation; and the "production-consumption nexus" in digital cultural consumption has aggravated the fragmentation of cultural enjoyment. While debates persist within the academic community regarding the public and private ownership of platforms and their data and the transfer of ownership. under the conditions of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics, digital platforms have evolved into important public infrastructure for the entire country and economic and social development due to their inherent natural monopoly. Compared with previous studies, this paper expands on the realization path of the digital cultural platform and its general data-sharing reform. Firstly, adhering to economic and social development laws and the inherent logic of platform enterprise evolution, this study proposes reforming and building a synergistic mechanism between platforms, government, and enterprises to cultivate new cultural enterprises: Secondly, it is to gradually build up a public ownership-based cultural economic foundation to realize fair distribution of cultural resources and equal sharing of cultural achievements. Gradually establishing a cultural economic foundation based on public ownership is essential for achieving fair distribution of cultural resources and equal sharing of cultural achievements, enhancing the universality of public cultural services and thus promoting the rationality of spiritual wealth distribution. Thirdly, this study advocates strengthening the comprehensive governance of algorithms and promoting the ubiquity of the circulation of public cultural products. Lastly, the establishment of a cultural sharing consortium is proposed to regulate, weaken, and even eliminate capital alienation in cultural consumption. Based on the principles of Marxist political economy, this paper points out some practical dilemmas of digital intelligence technology-enabled cultural sharing at the level of the cultural economic circulatory system. This study aims to provide beneficial explorations for the implementation of national cultural digitization strategy, and the inheritance and development of the new cultural mission. Moreover, it offers differentiated programmatic support for various digital cultural platforms to gradually evolve into collaborative and shared entities, to address the opportunities and challenges faced by culture and related data during platform reform and development in the current era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous promotion of the national cultural digitalization strategy, 5G communication technology. artificial intelligence technology and other technologies are gradually integrated into the development of the cultural industry, promoting the development of China's cultural industry in the direction of digitalization. Digital culture industry is an important content of China's consumer Internet, and is also an important part of the national strategic emerging industries, which is also an important link in promoting the high-quality development of the cultural industry. Therefore, in the rapid development of digital technology, it is of strong practical significance to launch all-round research on digital culture industry. However, at present, the development of digital technology-enabled cultural industry has not yet formed a systematic research. Meanwhile, the lack of in-depth research on the technical route and value chain of digital cultural industry makes it much more difficult to provide theoretical support for the development of cultural industry from a systematic perspective. This paper aims to adopt literature research method. Firstly, this paper will descriptive research method and other methods to analyze the mechanism of the relationship between the industrial ecosystem, technology route and value chain of digital culture industry, and make clear the development law and intrinsic connection of the three. Secondly. this paper will discuss the ecosystem, technical route and value chain of digital culture industry respectively, to clarify the supportive role of ecosystem to industry development, the driving role of technical route to industry development and the promotion role of value chain to industry development. Eventually, this paper will explore the performance of digital technology empowerment linking the content supply side and cultural demand side through the elaboration of the application scenarios of digital culture industry. It provides a new practical dimension for exploring the digitization of cultural industry, thus verifying the significance of the ecosystem, technical route and value chain proposed in this paper for digital cultural industry. After the above research process, this paper argues that the ecosystem lays the foundation of technical route, the technical route drives the reconstruction of value chain, and the value chain shapes the inclusive ecosystem, which are closely connected to each other and jointly promote the development of digital culture industry. At the same time. this paper believes that the ecosystem of digital culture industry is composed of three major aspects, namely, cultural data assetization. cultural industry digitization and cultural space intelligence; the technical route of digital culture industry is based on the core of three major cultures, namely, Chinese excellent traditional culture, socialist advanced culture and revolutionary culture, and is based on the three circles, namely, "cultural continuation-cultural presentation-cultural dissemination" and "cultural development". The technical route of digital culture industry takes the three cultures of Chinese excellent traditional culture, socialist advanced culture and revolutionary culture as its core, and the three circles of "cultural continuity cultural presentation cultural dissemination" as its path. Compared with the previous literature on digital culture industry, this paper innovates the research perspective of digital culture industry, changing from the traditional industrial economics perspective to the global cultural economy perspective, which improves the global and systematic nature of the research, and effectively avoids the problems of incoherence in the research process. Under the global research perspective, the study reveals to a certain extent. the internal logic of the ecosystem, technical route and value chain of the digital culture industry under the background of the national cultural digitization strategy, which helps to assist government departments to formulate relevant policies and measures in a more targeted manner, encourage cultural enterprises to accelerate their digitalization transformation and upgrading, and provide policy support for the high-quality development of digitally-enabled culture industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core socialist values are the condensed and realistic expression of the Chinese national spirit, as well as the soul of socialist rule of law construction. and closely related to the sense of community for the Chinese nation. After the amendment of Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China in 2023, the new Article 8 stipulates that "Legislation shall advocate and promote socialist core values, adhere to integrating the rule of law with the rule of virtue. foster a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, and promote the construction of socialist spiritual civilization", which puts forward a clear requirement to incorporate of core socialist values into laws and regulations to create a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation. This paper adopts the method of combining literature analysis. normative analysis and empirical analysis to analyze the jurisprudential basis and value basis of the incorporation of socialist core values into the law to create a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation from three levels of value, technology and facts, to deeply explore its inevitable logic and important significance. Based on this we put forward the optimization path of perfecting the incorporation of socialist core values into the law and regulations. so as to better consolidate the safeguard of the rule of law for creating a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation. Specifically, from the perspective of creating a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, incorporating core socialist values into the law and regulations can not only highlight the cultural consciousness of inheriting the excellent traditional Chinese legal culture. but also the inevitable choice to promote the construction of the Chinese nation community. and provide direction and guidance for the construction of the common spiritual home of the Chinese nation. By establishing legal beliefs firmly. forming legal principles and integrating legal rules. incorporating core socialist values into the law and regulations can promote the overall value orientation of the country and the nation. guide the value identification of the whole society, and set behavior patterns and institutional indications from the micro level specifically, so as to lead the implementation of rule of law for creating a strong sense of Chinese nation community. In the new era, it is necessary to pay attention to the improvement of the provisions on core values in the constitution and the integration of core values in the basic laws on ethnic work, and promote the practical perfection of the core values into the law and regulations from the perspective of the integration of laws, technologies and values. Efforts should be made to make the incorporation of core values into laws and regulations more systematic, targeted and precise. And we have to advance the perfection of the concept and technology of entering the law, and promote the whole society to create a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation through scientific guidance and active transformation of the real life scenes of people of all ethnic groups. Compared with previous studies, this paper combines value interpretation with empirical analysis, and through the empirical investigation of the incorporation of socialist core values into the law and regulations. it specifically and historically explains the leading and safeguarding role of the incorporation of core values into the law and regulations in creating a sense of community for the Chinese nation, which helps to push forward the legislature at all levels to implement the principle provisions of Article 8 of the Legislation Law in detail, and to promote the construction of socialist core values through legislation, then firmly establish the common value identity of the Chinese nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "historical cycle rate" specifically refers to the periodic phenomenon of the rise and fall of political chaos and cycles in the history of China. During the New Democratic Revolution. Mao Zedong once proposed the first answer to jump out of the historical cycle rate with "people's supervision". In the new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping repeatedly reiterated the issue of the historical cycle rate with a broad historical vision and keen strategic vision, and clearly pointed out that "self-reform" is the second answer for the Party to jump out of the historical cycle rate. A deep grasp of the practical deepening and theoretical sublimation of the Party's jumping out of the historical cycle rate from "people's supervision" to "self-reform" is of great significance for grasping historical laws, strengthening historical initiative, and continuing to jump out of the historical cycle rate in the new era. This article adopts the literature research method and the method of unifying history and logic to analyze the appearance and essence of the historical cycle rate. It comprehensively sorts out the theoretical and practical explorations of the Chinese Communist Party's jumping out of the historical cycle rate, and puts forward how the party can continue to jump out of the historical cycle rate in the new era and new journey suggestion. This study found that the "historical cycle rate" of China's feudal society, which is characterized by the rise and fall of the state power, has deep roots and is the inevitable product of the feudal landlord land ownership and the autocratic political system. Mao Zedong's first answer in Yan'an to jump out of the historical cycle rate by "people's supervision" is rooted in the Party's persistence and development of the Marxist dictatorship of the proletariat and people's supervision. It has profound theoretical logic and has experienced long-term practical exploration. In the new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping puts forward "self-reform" as the second answer for the Party to jump out of the historical cycle. This is a major proposal put forward by the Party to uphold the sense of urgency, answer the issues of the times in depth deepen the understanding of the party's leading position in upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, further promote comprehensive and strict party governance, and improve the Party's self-revolutionary theoretical system and discourse system. The conclusion is of great and far-reaching significance. The two answers of "people's supervision" and "self-reform" are inseparable wholes, and the two have the intrinsic unity of the fundamental purpose, the internal and external complementarity of the mechanism of action, the linkage of the power transformation, and the mutual promotion and progress of the development and perfection. To take the road of "rushing for the exam" in the new era and new journey, we must maintain political sobriety and historical initiative while enhancing our sense of urgency, strengthen responsibility while keeping in mind the "three musts", and improve the Party's standardized system of self-reform system and further promote the combination and interaction of "people's supervision" and "self-reform". This paper expands the existing literature in the following aspects; first, it not only analyzes the appearance and essence of historical cycle rate with historical materialism, but also analyzes the wisdom and flaws of the ancient Chinese "theory of loving the people", "theory of supervision" and "theory of anti-corruption". Second. it historically analyzes the Communist Party of China's exploration of jumping out of the historical cycle rate, and clarifies the practical deepening and theoretical sublimation from "people's supervision" to "self-reform". Third, it is an in-depth explanation of the internal relationship between "people's supervision" and "self-reform", and puts forward the requirements of the times for the new era and new journey to implement the "two answers" and jump out of the historical cycle rate. The research in this paper reveals to a certain extent the theory and practical logic of the Party jumping out of the historical cycle rate, which is helpful to deepen the research on the Party's long-term governance law and the law of socialist construction, and provides a theoretical reference for the Party to take the road of "rushing for the exam" in the new era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of information technology, digital trade has become a new engine of international trade growth, and has gradually become an important gripper in optimizing resource allocation. adjusting the structure of trade and building a new development pattern of dual circulation in China. However, there are fewer studies on digital trade-enabled national innovation systems and there is a lack of in-depth discussion on whether and how digital trade can improve the effectiveness of national innovation systems. This paper considers that digital trade can contribute to the construction of national innovation systems by integrating into global innovation networks, empowering scientific research networks, technology development networks and technology diffusion networks, and improving the efficiency of knowledge production, diffusionand application. From the perspective of innovation subjects, digital trade can blur the boundaries of innovation subjects, enrich the types of innovation subjects. and promote the formation of efficient interaction networks among enterprises. universities, research institutions, governments and intermediary organizations and so on; from the perspective of innovation resources, digital trade accelerates the flow of traditional innovation factors such as talents, capital and technology, and further amplifying the value-added effect of data as a core input element of innovation activities: from the perspective of innovation mechanism. digital trade can create an innovative organizational mode of discipline integration and innovation timely response to production division of labor and effective connection between supply and demand; from the perspective of innovation environment, digital trade improves the innovation environment, which is conducive to the formation of an innovative mindset in the whole society and helps to form the entrepreneurial spirit of the new era. Compared with previous literature, this paper expands on two aspects. Firstly, this paper focuses on digital trade as an enabler to improve the effectiveness of the national innovation system. and deconstructs the national innovation system into different components such as innovation subjects. innovation factors, innovation mechanism and innovation environment, and discusses the role of digital trade in each different innovation network. Secondly, this paper identifies the challenges faced by digital trade in enabling the enhancement of the effectiveness of the national innovation system, and puts forward some policy recommendations conducive to the construction of a high-quality innovation system from the perspective of developing digital trade. To a certain extent, this paper reveals the internal logic of the digital trade-enabled national innovation system and deconstructs the national innovation system into different innovation network structures with different components such as innovation subjects, innovation factors, innovation mechanisms and innovation environments. This study embeds the role of the development of digital trade in various knowledge-enabling aspects of the innovation system. which is of great significance in promoting the efficient allocation of factor resources, the reengineering of the industrial chain and the enhancement of the value chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of a unified national market is the fundamental support and inherent requirement for the formation of a new development pattern of "dual circulation". Meanwhile, urban agglomerations are increasingly becoming an important approach for promoting regional coordinated development. However, existing literature on measuring the level of unified national market is mainly based on provincial level data and mostly focuses on the commodity market, lacking research on incorporating both commodity and factor markets into the same framework from the urban agglomeration level. This paper comprehensively considers commodity market, capital market, and labor market, constructs a comprehensive evaluation system and applies the relative price method and the vertical and horizontal differentiation method to measure the level of unified market construction in the fifteen major urban agglomerations of China from 2005 to 2019. Moreover, systematic analysis of the dynamic evolution and spatiotemporal convergence of the unified market construction level of urban agglomerations is conducted by using methods such as Kernel density estimation. Markov chain, σ convergence, and β convergence. We find that from 2005 to 2019, the level of unified market construction in the fifteen major urban agglomerations of China increase fluctuantly with the level of commodity market integration higher than that of capital and labor markets. The evolutionary trend of the unified market construction level of urban agglomerations shows significant absolute differences and an enhanced multipolarity, with the existence of club convergence and the Matthew effect. Meanwhile, there is a significant β convergence trend in the unified market construction of urban agglomerations, and spatial factors accelerate its convergence. Compared to existing researches, this paper has made contributions on the following aspects: first, we include commodity market, capital market, and labor market in the construction of the comprehensive index of market integration, thus measuring the construction level of the unified market more comprehensively and scientifically. Second, we evaluate the situation of the unified market based on panel data of the fifteen main urban agglomerations in China from 2005 to 2019, enriching the empirical analysis of unified national market construction at the urban agglomeration level. Third, we conduct a comprehensive analysis on the structural characteristics of the unified market construction from the aspects of distribution dynamics, spatial correlation, and convergence. Our research reveals the spatiotemporal evolution, dynamic evolution, spatial correlation and convergence characteristics of the unified market construction at the urban agglomeration level, providing empirical evidence for evaluating the effectiveness of the construction of unified market and references for establishing related policies for the accelerating of the construction of the unified market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years. the phenomenon of "shifting from the real to the virtual" of Chinese real enterprises has attracted great attention from all walks of life and has become a serious challenge in the current economic development process. Is the motivation of enterprises to " shifting from the real to the virtual" precautionary saving or speculating? Domestic and foreign scholars have not yet reached a consensus. Based on the quarterly data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2021. this paper empirically examines the impact of macroeconomic situation changes on the financial asset investment decisions of China's real listed companies from three macro dimensions: economic cycle fluctuations, monetary environment changes and capital market performance. Empirical studies have found that during the period of economic downturn, tight monetary environment and sluggish capital market, the proportion of total financial assets held by enterprises has declined, and the internal allocation of financial assets has also been affected, that is, the proportion of sound financial assets in total financial assets has increased, while the proportion of risky financial assets has declined. In terms of industry and region, this inhibition is more significant in the eastern region and private enterprises. Further analysis shows that compared with enterprises with weak financing constraints. the financial asset holdings of enterprises with strong financing constraints are more sensitive to macroeconomic changes, which indicates that the main motivation of the financialization of Chinese real enterprises is precautionary saving rather than speculating. This paper contributes to the existingliterature in the following three aspects. First. we take the three indicators of macroeconomic climate index, money supply and stock market return as the starting point to reconstruct the three dimensional perspective, this paper analyzes the bias of the internal allocation structure of corporate financial assets from the macro perspective, and examines the motivation of corporate financialization in China, which is helpful to clarify the macro and micro integration mechanism in the financialization problem, and further explain the driving mechanism of micro-enterprise financialization. Secondly, different from the existing literature that examines the precautionary saving motivation and speculating motivation of financialization in general, we not only study the impact of macroeconomic changes on the allocation behavior of financial assets of real enterprises in general, but also divide financial assets into two categories: stable financial assets and risky financial assets according to the characteristics of liquidity and risk, and analyzes the bias of the internal allocation structure of financial assets. This provides solid empirical evidence for understanding the allocation behavior of real enterprises to heterogeneous financial assets under the detailed classification, and enriches the literature in the field of corporate financialization motivation analysis. Thirdly, we consider the impact of financing constraints, property rights differences and regional differences on the relationship between macroeconomic changes and financial asset allocation behavior. which provides guidance for enterprises to rationally allocate financial assets under heterogeneous internal and external constraints. Our research, to a certain extent, reveals the inherent logic of the financialization behavior of Chinese enterprises and provides a new way of thinking for re-combing and understanding the phenomena of China's current economy "shifting from the real to the virtual", enterprise financialization and financial asset investment chaos. It has a strong practical significance for maintaining the stability of China's financial system and guiding the economy from virtual to real. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's highly competitive market environment, corporate managers face external pressure from stakeholders to achieve short-term profit targets, as well as internal pressure to maintain their positions, compensation, and benefits. Under these dual pressures, managers may engage in myopic behavior that prioritizes short-term gains at the expense of the company's long-term interests, which can be detrimental to the company's sustainable development. Therefore, effectively curbing managerial myopia remains a critical challenge in corporate governance practice. Although there has been an increasing amount of research on managerial myopia. few studies have explored the impact of corporate digital transformation on this behavior. Based on the text analysis method of machine learning. this paper constructs an enterprise digital transformation index and uses the R&D expenditure reduction to measure managerial myopia to test the extent and mechanisms of the impact of digital transformation on the managerial myopia of enterprises. It reveals that the digital transformation of enterprises can effectively inhibit the shortsighted behavior of managers, and this inhibition is mainly achieved by improving information transparency and increasing the profits of enterprises. A series of robustness tests confirm that the conclusion is robust and reliable. In addition. the impact of enterprise digital transformation on managerial myopia is different due to the differences in management team characteristics and enterprise characteristics. Specifically, the inhibition effect of enterprise digital transformation on managerial myopia is more evident in enterprises with smaller management teams, younger ages. longer tenure and R&D backgrounds, and in high-tech and non-state-owned enterprises. Compared to previous literature, this paper makes three key contributions: first, it explores the role of corporate digital transformation in corporate governance, enriching the relevant theoretical framework. Second, it investigates the mechanisms through which digital transformation mitigates managerial myopia focusing on the principal-agent problem between shareholders and managers. providing practical pathways for companies to address myopia. Third. it conducts further analysis based on the characteristics of the firms and management teams, offering differentiated policy recommendations based on these characteristics. This research sheds light on the intrinsic logic behind how corporate digital transformation curbs managerial myopia. providing valuable policy implications for companies aiming to enhance governance efficiency in the digital economy era. Firstly, companies should consider a comprehensive range of investments, including capital. technology, and human resources, to accelerate the digital transformation. Secondly, companies should adjust their management teams at different stages of development to align with corporate goals. Lastly, companies should establish performance evaluation systems based on long-term outcomes, incorporating non-financial metrics such as innovation capability, to more comprehensively reflect the company's value creation and sustainable operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, a new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial change is booming, and China's economic development mode is undergoing a major transformation. Based on this background, on September 7. 2023, Xi Jinping hosted a symposium on promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the Northeast in a new era in Harbin City. Heilongjiang Province, pointing out that it is important to cultivate strategic emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, advanced manufacturing, electronic information, etc. to cultivate the future of the industry, to accelerate the formation of quality productive forces, to enhance the development of new kinetic energy. Existing literature on the new quality productive forces research is generally biased towards the connotation characteristics and the formation of paths and other research systems. has not yet constructed the digital economy. especially the digital platform under the perspective of the quality productive forces analysis framework. Based on digital platforms which are the key market players in the era of digital economy, this article focuses on many key issues of quality productive forces. Based on the spiral logic of the core elements constituting digital platform enterprises, the industrial structure of digital platform enterprises, and the platform ecosystem formed by the coupling of multi-platform enterprises, the article deconstructs the connotation of quality productive forces under the perspective of digital platforms in different dimensions. Then the formation mechanism of quality productive forces is interpreted from the perspective of digital platform, in which the data element capture mechanism provides the elemental basis for the formation of quality productive forces, the technological innovation mechanism of digital platform enterprise provides the innovation kinetic energy for the formation of new quality productive forces, the empowerment mechanism of digital platform enterprise optimizes the formation path of quality productive forces. and the scenario application mechanism of digital platform enterprise provides the digital-reality integration scenario for the formation of new quality productive forces. The digital platform enterprise scenario application mechanism provides the formation of new quality productive forces with a digital-real integration scenario. At the same time, in the process of forming new quality productive forces empowered by innovation, there are a series of key obstacles inhibiting the development of innovative activities at the enterprise level, industry level and government level, which are manifested in the failure of the factor interoperability mechanism at the enterprise level to be constructed in an orderly manner, which inhibits the scale effect and agglomeration effect of the factors of production; the highly concentrated market at the industry level, which leads to insufficient innovation power of digital platforms; and the institutional mechanism to promote the innovative development of platforms at the government level fails to be implemented in an orderly manner. At the governmental level, the institutional mechanism for promoting the innovation and development of digital platforms has not been constructed in an orderly manner, which inhibits the formation and cultivation of new quality productive forces of digital platforms. In order to accelerate the formation of new productivity of digital platforms, the administration should focus on building a unified big market system for platform economy, enterprises need to build a platform digital innovation strategy system, and the social ecology should explore the public opinion environment to support the growth and expansion of platform enterprises. Compared with the previous literature, this paper makes some contributions in the following two aspects; on the one hand, unlike the current research on new quality productive forces which focuses on its overall connotation. characteristics, formation path and other contents, this paper systematically constructs a complete analytical framework of new quality productive forces under the viewpoint of digital platform: on the other hand, as an important carrier for integrating digital innovation technologies such as artificial intelligence. Internet of Things, blockchain, virtual reality and so on, this paper systematically researches its formation mechanism, key obstacles and starting points in the process of cultivating and developing new quality productive forces. On the other hand, as an important carrier for integrating digital innovation technologies such as artificial intelligence. Internet of Things. blockchain, virtual reality, etc., this paper systematically researches its formation mechanism. key obstacles. starting point and other important contents in the process of cultivating and developing the new quality productive forces, which highlights the innovative qualitative state of the new quality productive forces. The research in this paper, to a certain extent, makes up for the current lack of research on new quality productive forces from the field of digital platforms, helps to enrich the administration's perspective on the promotion of the cultivation and development of new quality productive forces. and provides the power of digital platforms for the formation of new quality productive forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to explore the polysemy of compound and complex sentences through Mandarin conditionals. Focusing on the two basic conditional constructions, i.e., the ruguo construction and the ruguoshuo construction, this paper explores their inter-clausal relations as well as the polysemous relations existing within each construct. A conceptual space is thus built, and then the distribution of three domains (i.e., the content domain, the epistemic domain, and the speech act domain) and metalanguage usages are cautiously defined on the space, in order to present the semantic extensions of conditional constructions in greater detail and also to illustrate the differences between the two constructions. Then, by comparing the ruguo construction and the if construction in English, the paper points out that the polysemy of compound and complex sentences is universal but is also subject to the system of compound and complex sentences of each language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangrove forests, characterized by high photosynthetic rate and low light compensation point, exhibit high gross primary production (GPP), an important component of "blue carbon". Accurate estimation of regional GPP and quantification of its limiting factors are greatly significant for China to achieve its carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. In this paper, the GPP of mangrove ecosystems in Hainan Island from 2016 to 2020 were estimated based on the mangrove vegetation photosynthesis-light use efficiency (MVP-LUE) model using Sentinel-2 imagery and environmental data, and the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of GPP and its driving mechanism were explored. The results were as follows: (1) During the study period, the annual GPP of mangrove ecosystems on Hainan Island showed an increasing trend, with higher GPP in the eastern regions than western regions, and northern regions than southern regions. The mangroves distributed over a large area in northeastern Hainan Island dominate the temporal variation patterns at the whole island scale. However, distinct differences exist in the temporal dynamics across different regions of the mangrove ecosystem in Hainan Island. (2) In terms of the formation mechanism, the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of GPP of mangrove ecosystems on Hainan Island was driven by a combination of multiple meteorological factors. Seasonally within each year, during the transition from the dry season to rainy season, GPP was higher due to lower limitation from air temperature (Tair), and the promoting effects of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and sea surface temperature. In the middle of the dry season, low Tair imposed a serious limitation on GPP, but this Tair, limitation was weakened with decreasing latitude. In the rainy season, higher cloud cover resulted in PAR becoming a limiting factor for GPP. At the end of the paper, we discussed the uncertainties and limitations of MVP-LUE, and the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of mangrove ecosystem GPP not only be constrained by environmental factors, but also species composition and forest age structure can also be driving factors. The results of this study provide basic data to assess the contribution of regional mangrove forests to the global carbon cycle, and theoretical support to reveal the key environmental factors affecting mangrove ecosystem carbon dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of acute ischemic stroke during the perioperative period after wedge resection of pulmonary lobes is not high, but it may lead to life-long disability and even death in severe cases, thus affecting the prognosis of patients. At present, the pathogenesis is still unclear. This paper reported two cases of interventional thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke after lung cancer surgery. Patient 1 underwent wedge resection of the upper lobe of the left lung under thoracoscope. On the same day, acute embolism of the left middle cerebral artery caused extensive infarction in the left cerebral hemisphere. After interventional thrombectomy and recanalization (TICI grade 3), the patient had a good prognosis (NIHSS score of 4). Patient 2 underwent the right inferior pulmonary wedge resection under thoracoscope. On the same day, basilar artery occlusion caused extensive cerebellar infarction. After interventional thrombectomy, the blood vessels reopened well (TICI grade 3), but the patient had severe postoperative brain edema and ultimately gave up treatment. This paper summarized the experience, reviewed relevant literature and analyzed the high-risk factors for acute ischemic stroke after wedge resection of pulmonary lobes, to provide a reference for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coverage tasks of mobile robots are evolving towards large-scale and intelligent di- rections demanding urgent requirements for the coverage efficiency and environmental adaptabil- ity of coverage path planning. To address the inadequate adaptability of the traditional boustro- phedon cellular decomposition in complex maps and to improve coverage efficiency, a complete coverage path planning method is proposed. Firstly, based on the boustrophedon cellular decom- position method. a strategy of area-descending traversal and monotone polygon judgment was proposed to merge cells, reducing approximately half of the cell quantity. Finally, by establis- hing the mapping relationship between the starting and ending positions of cells, a genetic algo- rithm was employed to optimize the selection of cells' starting positions and the global access or- der. The research results show that: 1) when processing maps with dimensions of 1 300 pixels. the algorithm in this paper can obtain calculation results within 10 s, and compared with the boustrophedon method, neural network method, and contour line method, the growth rate of calculation time is smaller with the increase of map area: 2) compared with the boustrophedon method, contour line method, neural network method, and energy-optimal method, the total op- eration time of robots in this paper is reduced by 5.4% to 47.0%, and the ineffective operation time is reduced by 5.8% to 29.2%; 3) the average coverage rate of this algorithm on 1 800 test maps reaches 99,91%; 4) the tests further confirm the significant coverage efficiency advantages of the algorithm proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Demand traction, technology promotion" is the main rule of the development of equipment system construction. This paper focuses on the analysis of system requirements, and puts forward the process of system requirements analysis on the basis of analyzing the basic connotation of system requirements analysis, combining the advantages of threat and capability; aiming at the key technical problems such as capability gap measurement and mapping analysis in system requirements analysis. The capacity gap measurement model is established, and the QFD method is used to realize the mapping between the capability requirement-system requirement-technology requirement, and the analysis of the typical space target monitoring system is taken as an example to verify the system demand analysis method proposed in this paper, which provides a theoretical basis for carrying out the system demand analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the utilization of apple pomace resources, verify the antibacterial activity and antiseptic properties of the ethanol extract of apple pomace, the antibacterial activity of extract from apple pomace were determined by the inhibition zone test. In addition, the antibacterial effect of the extract under different pH and salt concentration had been studied. At the same time, the ethanol extract of apple pomace was applied to the preservation of Passiflora edulia, using sensory scores and various physical and chemical indicators(Vc, soluble solids, total acid, solid acid ratio)as the basis to investigate the antiseptic effect of the extract. The results were as follows:(1)The ethanol extract of apple pomace had no obvious inhibitory effect on yeasts(diameter of inhibition zone <1 mm), but it had obvious inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli(diameter of inhibition zone was 6-9 mm).(2)The best inhibitory concentration for these strains was 4.0 g·L-1. In addition, when the antibacterial effect of the extract was optimal, the pH was 6-7 and the salt concentration was 5.0 g·L-1.(3)The optimal concentration for Passiflora edulia was 0.2%, and the rot rate after storage at this concentration was only 6.7%(control group was 67%), and the weight loss rate was 5.5%(control group was 36.3%). The soluble solids and total acid content were not significantly different from those before storage(P>0.05)(control group P<0.05). And most of the fruits were plump, firm, bright and shiny, moderately sweet and sour. The antibacterial extract of apple pomace has antibacterial activity and significant antiseptic effect, and provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of apple pomace resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex mental illness characterized by mood fluctuations, excitability and impaired functioning. Anxiety in BD patients frequently leads to increased clinical symptoms, worse social functioning, and a higher risk of suicide. Current research on BD with anxiety symptom primarily examined clinical characteristics, prevalence and treatment, with limited focus and inconsistent findings on its neuro-biogenetic mechanisms. The findings in this area were also inconsistent. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), known for its non-invasive nature and high resolution, is extensively utilized in investigating disease mechanisms. Consequently, this paper gave a comprehensive review on the progress in brain imaging on BD patients with anxiety symptom, seeking to discern stable changes in brain structure and function, thereby enrich our understanding of the neurobiological etiology of this condition and offer valuable insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies making. This paper covered 14 original studies and synthesized their findings on brain structure and function. Conclusively, the changes of brain functional activities in BD patients with anxiety symptom mainly involve the prefrontal lobe, posterior cingulate cortex, temporal lobe and angular gyrus, while the changes of brain structure mainly involve the left hippocampus and middle frontal gyrus, but the consistency of the research results needs to be enhanced. The research in this field is not sufficient, and more homogeneous clinical samples and larger longitudinal studies are needed to verify and supplement the above results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary In response to the difficulties faced by the open data movement, the Chinese government has prioritized promoting the opening of high-value data sets to the public. However, the policy is promoted slowly in practice, and the basic problems are not studied enough in theory. Most of the existing literature focuses on open data subjects and open data platforms. and there is a lack of existing literature on data sets and their value recognition. This paper uses comparative research literature analysis and other methods to carry out research. Firstly, the paper analyzes the difficulties faced by the open data movement of governments around the world points out that the cause is the technical, institutional and organizational constraints, and puts forward the necessity and feasibility of opening high value data sets. Secondly, based on the process sorting and mechanism comparison of opening high-value data sets around the world, it is pointed out that the United States and the European Union have reached a consensus on basic positioning, promotion system and governance means. but there are also differences in goal orientation and regulation degree. Thirdly, the paper systematically combs the relevant practical exploration of European and American countries, extracts the existing experience, and analyzes the current challenges. Finally, in view of China's promotion of the priority opening of high-value data sets. it is suggested that based on the practical basis of data opening, the concept of data opening should be optimized. an open mechanism should be systematically established. and open norms should be clarified in a timely manner, so as to form a comprehensive, systematic and clear institutional system. Compared with previous literatures, this paper expands on the two aspects of experience extraction and countermeasures. First, the experience of European and American countries in exploring open high-value data set standards is summarized into the establishment of typed content standards. three-star formal standards and multi- agent participation procedure standards. Second, it puts forward the overall strategy of prioritizing the opening of high-value data sets in China including optimizing the opening concept and strengthening the market-oriented concept consciousness, the establishment of subjective and objective standard identification mechanism. policy and law reference system adjustment mechanism. data suppliers and data demand communication feedback mechanism. It also includes open specifications that clarify the concept of high-value data sets, content boundaries, and open order. This study systematically summarized the practical experience of opening high-value data sets outside the region. extracted the basic operation mechanism, analyzed the challenges faced by the current work of opening high-value data sets, expanded the existing theoretical research on data opening, and provided a foundation for comprehensive and in-depth research on open high-value data sets in the future. On this basis, the policy suggestions are helpful for the further development of China's practice of opening high-value data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary In the digital economy era, platforms are becoming the core economic hub of the entire digital market. Their strong internal management capabilities and information screening and push capabilities make the alienation of some super- large platforms into "power subjects". In order to prevent platform power from hindering the development of a healthy competitive order in the digital market. Internet platform interconnection is regarded as a key mechanism for optimizing and transforming the development model of the digital market. However, there are still many controversies about the theoretical basis and institutional content of platform interconnection, among which more controversies are about how to balance platform interconnection and platform operating freedom. In practice. platform companies generally have the phenomenon of being lazy or delaying the promotion of interconnection for reasons such as user security and corporation business strategy. Under this practical situation, this article comprehensively sorts out and summarizes the institutional changes of interconnection by comparing the changes in the basic connotation of interconnection in the telecommunications industry and the platform economy era and the root causes behind it. Combined with the various theories and propositions of existing scholars on platform interconnection. it is found that the business compliance standards of interconnection actually include three levels of connotation: inter-accessibility, the superiority of small and medium- sized platforms, and the synchronous update of industrial forms. This paper believes that the essence of interconnection is the technical framework to ensure the openness and sharing of the Internet, and the interconnection between platforms at the level of antitrust law is to avoid the platform from splitting the entire digital market. In order to achieve the implementation effect of the interconnection system, the interconnection system can be used to supplement the revised provisions of the Anti-Monopoly Law of the People's Republic of China in the form of legal principles: first, around data acquisition capabilities. business lock-in levels. etc., clarify the interpretation logic of the standards for the identification of abuse of market dominance: second. based on size and market position formulate differentiated compliance requirements that are adapted to small and medium-sized platforms and super platforms respectively: third, internalize regulatory requirements into technical constraints, and expand interconnection at the algorithm level through data compliance technology. Compared with previous literature, this paper has revealed the legitimacy of the platform interconnection system to a certain extent, and has refined the basic principles and specific rules of the platform interconnection system under the antitrust law system. No longer confined to the discussion of the abstract value balance between platform interconnection and platform operating freedom in existing research, it turns to a more practical way to re-construct and analyze how interconnection can extend specific antitrust normative expressions from the three aspects of legal application. supporting system and implementation method. This research path effectively avoids the drawback that the conclusions of value balance analysis cannot be applied to actual regulatory activities, and provides more direct theoretical tools and institutional recommendations for antitrust legislation and enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Recently, the United States has continuously exposed big confidentiality cases, involving individuals ranging from former or current presidents to retired soldiers, which on the one hand shows that the protection of state secrets is facing the challenges of the digital age, on the other hand, it also reveals the full coverage of the US confidentiality legal system. This paper argues that, as a pioneer in information technology and a cyber power in digital technology, the self-reflection and innovation of the US confidentiality legal system in keeping with the times reflect the development trend of future confidentiality legal systems, which is worth learning from when revising and improving confidentiality laws in China. The experience of the United States rule of law in confidentiality indicates that under the rapid development of digital technology, the national confidential legal system needs to establish a concept of classified information infrastructure that conforms to the characteristics of the times, and fully consider the security of endpoints. system environments personnel and corresponding capabilities for establishing, maintaining managing and destroying classified information, so as to actively respond to environmental changes and challenges caused by the application of network information technology. After World War II, the United States modernized and reformed its classified information infrastructure through laws and regulations constantly adjusting the delicate balance between information disclosure and confidentiality. Under the guidance of a series of executive orders of President Roosevelt. the classified information infrastructure was changed from wartime to peacetime. After the 9/11 incident, President Obama's Executive Order No. 13526 further transformed the confidentiality infrastructure, established a comprehensive controlled unclassified information system, and gradually formed a set of classified information security system construction. Different from other legal systems in the United States presidential executive orders have become an important component and main source of the US confidentiality legal system due to their relatively simple and efficient legislative process. After legislation, the US government attaches great importance to the effective implementation of laws, that is, supporting regulations, requiring relevant departments to timely formulate or modify standards, manuals and other normative documents for implementation. These standards and manuals are important tools for ensuring the effective implementation of confidentiality infrastructure laws, and also demonstrate the strong technical characteristics of their confidentiality infrastructure legal system. This paper proposes that for a long time the legislation on confidential infrastructure in the United States has been guided by national security strategies, and focuses on supporting cooperation of related industries and enterprises. In cyber society. the relevant laws of the United States have also strengthened the connection between confidential infrastructure and cyber security: in the face of the new international security situation brought about by the Russia- Ukraine conflict, the flexibility of its confidentiality law also supports the transfer of security benefits under its strategic intention. The current status and trends of legislation on confidentiality infrastructure in the United States. as well as the flexible support of legal enforcement for strategy, have provided new ideas for the construction and improvement of China's confidentiality legal system from the legislative concept of confidentiality law. the modernization of confidentiality rule of law and the standardized content and form of confidentiality legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary In recent years administrative interview has gradually become an important tool for government departments to carry out network information content supervision. As a new way of administrative law enforcement, the Internet administrative interview contains the concepts of democracy, equality consultation and service, which greatly alleviates the contradiction with the administrative counterpart and improves the efficiency and quality of administrative law enforcement. From the perspective of responsive supervision theory, this paper uses qualitative text analysis software Nvivoll to conduct quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis on 265 administrative interview texts collected from national and local Cyberspace Administration official websites and other open channels. This paper presents the general situation and general characteristics of Internet administrative interview from six dimensions: interview subject, interview object, starting mechanism, interview content, interview strategy and interview result. Specifically speaking: in terms of interview subjects, government departments are the leading force of interview, and interview subjects of different levels also have great differences in the number of interview objects and interviews, and the participation degree of non-governmental subjects is relatively low. The interviewees are mainly divided into three categories; trans-regional large-scale Internet information service enterprises, regional media organizations, ordinary Internet users. and we-media. Among them trans-regional large-scale Internet enterprises are the most frequently interviewed. There are two kinds of interview initiation mechanisms, the active one with government power as the discovery mechanism and the passive one with social power as the discovery mechanism. The interview content is divided into three kinds, qualification violation, content anomia and obligation notification. The interview strategy is divided into independent interview, joint interview and concentrated interview. The result of the interview is general punishment and administrative punishment. The practice shows that the Internet administrative interview still has great room for optimization. On this basis, this paper constructs the operation mode of Internet administrative interview from the perspective of responsive supervision, including the diversification of interview participants. the "differentiation" of interview strategies, the two-way communication mechanism that attaches importance to interview, and the establishment of a progressive punishment tool system starting from interview, so as to improve the standardization and effectiveness of Internet administrative interview Compared with previous study, this paper expands in the following two aspects, first, it analyzes and summarizes the large sample interview cases in practice, and extracts the key dimensions of the Internet administrative interview system, Second, guided by the theory of responsive supervision, the paper constructs a responsive supervision model for the operation of Internet administrative interview, so as to realize the return from theory to practice. The research in this paper reveals the practice and overall characteristics of China's Internet administrative interview system to a certain extent, which is helpful for government departments to better implement administrative interview under the concept of "responsive supervision", and has important implications for promoting the standardized operation of Internet administrative interview and enhancing the vitality of Internet administrative interview system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary With the wave of digitalization, digital government has become an important means to enhance governance capabilities and improve governance effectiveness. In this context, local governments in China have begun to develop digital government initiatives. However, in practice, there has been an imbalance in the development of digital government across different regions. On one hand, the eastern region has seen rapid progress in digital government development: on the other hand, the central and western regions have experienced more setbacks than successes in their digital government initiatives. While existing literature has focused on the institutional design and typical cases of digital government, there is insufficient attention paid to how to build high-performance digital government. This study conducts fixed-effect quantitative analysis and crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis at the prefecture- level city government granularity. Specifically, relevant first-hand data is collected using Python web crawling. combined with data from the "China City Statistical Yearbook," statistical bureaus of prefecture-level cities, and the People's Daily Online leadership message board to construct a panel dataset of prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2019. The study adopts the measurement method of Quan Yizhang and Chen Yifan (2024) to calculate the degree of digital government development in 229 prefecture-level cities. It identifies eight factors influencing digital government development based on three dimensions: "resource allocation." "performance diffusion," and "catalytic promotion." The fixed-effect regression analysis examines the statistical significance of these eight factors and finds that all variables, except for the educational degree of the top leader, have a positive promoting effect on digital government development. Based on this, the study divides the cities by region and refines the top 1% cases to combine the conditional variables, analyzing the configuration paths for the eastern, central, and western regions. The analysis reveals that horizontal pressure is a necessary condition for achieving high-performance digital government in eastern cities. fiscal support is a necessary condition for central cities, and fiscal support. vertical pressure, and government attention are necessary conditions for western cities. Eastern cities have two paths: "externally promoted" and "internally driven." Central cities have two paths: "leadership-focused" and "environment-catalyzed." Western cities have a "collaborative construction" path. Compared with previous studies, the marginal contribution of this paper is as follows: first, this paper adopts Python crawler technology to obtain first-hand data, and combines multiple data sources to build panel data set of prefecture-level cities, which provides a more comprehensive and accurate data foundation for the study of digital government construction. Secondly, this paper adopts the method of fixed-effect measurement and crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis, which not only considers the statistical relationship between variables, but also pays attention to the differences between regions and the allocation path. This comprehensive analysis method makes the research results more comprehensive and in-depth, and provides quantitative and qualitative understanding of digital government construction. Finally, 229 prefecture-level cities are divided into regions, and the construction paths of digital government in eastern. central and western regions are analyzed respectively. Through qualitative comparative analysis. the paper reveals the necessary conditions and path selection of digital government construction in different regions, and provides targeted construction strategies and decision-making references for governments in different regions. The research in this paper reveals the internal logic of how to build a high-performance digital government to a certain extent, which is helpful for governments in different regions to choose the path to build a digital government according to local conditions under the condition of heterogeneous resource endowment, and implement precise policies to realize the construction of digital government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary With the rapid development of knowledge economy, the function of business incubators has been constantly updated and evolved, and business value creation mechanism has been different from the past. It needs to be further clarified whether the existing incubators have adjusted their value proposition or still maintain the original business operation mode. Research on existing incubators should avoid too much data description, and should actively explore and establish the consistency theory that leads to the differences in incubator development. In addition, the business model of business incubators has gradually undergone diversified evolution over time, and there are few systematic frameworks that can reflect the multi-level and dynamic evolution of the business model of business incubators, which is also the deficiency of existing studies. It is of theoretical significance to reveal the essential characteristics and explore the law of the evolution of business model of business incubators over time. Based on this, the study first adopts the grounded theory research method and NVivoll and other software, through the open coding, spindle coding, selective coding and theoretical saturation test, to get the basic framework of its business model, including three dimensions of value proposition, value production and value acquisition. After that. this study further uses the multi-case comparative research method to systematically analyze the above three dimensions of business model from the three levels of basic, intermediate and advanced respectively. The paper deeply explores the evolution direction and purpose of different dimensions of the business model, and finally constructs the multi-tiered theoretical framework. The research results of the paper mainly include the following four aspects. First, business incubators have long been not only a tangible arrangement for start-ups. but also an effective organization that "incorporates knowledge services into its value proposition". The development of many business incubators is led by the government, so their value and mission will drift, making it is particularly important to maintain strategic consistency. Second, business incubators mainly generate value through tangible services, intangible services and network services. This process mainly aims at the pursuit of learning effect and legitimacy. The learning effect is mostly reflected in the experiential learning and ability cultivation of tenants, while the network service will increase the knowledge accumulation degree of both parties and increase the legitimacy status of tenants in the market. Third, business incubators ultimately need to secure benefits through commissions, support service charges and the acquisition of added value, but sustained and stable cash flow and profitability must depend on a lower cost structure. Finally, there is an inherent feedback and evolution process in the business model of business incubators, which is ultimately reflected in the clarification of the value proposition of business incubators. Usually, the value proposition of business incubators in the early stage is vague, but as time goes by, business incubators will explore more efficient ways of value creation and constantly improve their own value proposition, so as to ensure the consistency of strategy. To sum up, the theoretical system of business model of business incubators is more hierarchical and systematic, which is consistent with the theory of incubation ecosystem system emphasized at this stage. The study reveals the essential characteristics of business model of business incubators, and explores the law of the evolution of business model of business incubators over time. The study is of great theoretical significance for strengthening the construction of the theoretical system of business incubators, and for clarifying the orientation and evolution direction and derivative logic of the business models of business incubators. At the same time, the study can provide a reference for the government departments to further improve the relevant policies to support the development of business incubators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary In recent years with the rapid development of digital technology, many countries around the world have devoted themselves to the wave of the discovery of central bank digital currencies (CBDC). China has abio seized the opportunity to research and develop E-CNY and actively carried out pilot work across the country, However, there are still some realistic problems such as the scale of the E-CNY pilot is not wide enough and users are not easy to develop the habit of using E-CNY. In this contest, it is meaningful to analyze the influencing factors and action paths of the acceptance and use of E-CNY from the perspective of comprehensive system characteristics for promoting the wide use of users and deepening the pilot work of E-CNY Based on UTAUT2 model, innovation diffusion theory and perceived risk theory, this paper constructs a research model of influencing factors for the acceptance and use of E-CNY, and obtains 1.976 data through questionnaire survey. First the structural equation (SEM) is used to verify the net effect of assumptions and variables measure performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, convenience conditions, individual innovation positive impact acceptance willingness perception of risk negative impact acceptance willingness convenience conditions habits, acceptance willingness to positively affect the use behavior, acceptance willingness plays a significant mediating role in the effects of performance expectation effort expectation social influence and perceived risk on use behavior. Then, the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method (IsQCA) is used to study the configuration paths that induce the high-frequency and low-frequency use behavior of E-CNY. The results show that the conditional external drive mode, experience focus mode, internal dominant mode, comprehensive action mode, personality impact mode and security tendency mode can realize the high-frequency use of E-CNY: environment missing mode and risk obstruction mode will lead to the low-frequency use of E-CNY. Compared with previous literature, this paper expands in the following three aspects, first, it adopts the method of SEM and BOCA to study the influencing factors and configuration Paths of the acceptance and use of E-CNY for the first time. Second, the influencing factors of acceptance willingness and me behavior of E-CNY as well as their mutual relationship are studied simultaneously. Third, the number of effective research data and cases reached 1976, which is a large sample in the analysis and research combined with SEM and fsQCA, having reference significance The research of this paper lays a theoretical foundation for currently accelerating the promotion and application of E CNY, and puts forward effective paths to promote the acceptance and use of E-CNY from the aspects of boosting the development of application scenarios and coological construction, enhancing user stickiness, cultivating citizens digital literacy, lifting user experience and utility, strengthening security and legislative supervision, and implementing publicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Duc to the outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic around the world in 2020 and the huge impact on the global supply chain, small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) are facing huge pressure to survive and the financing conditions for SMEs are is particularly difficult. Once the cashflow chain is broken. SMEs may face bankruptcy, thus endangering the survival of large and medium-sized firms, and may even lead to the collapse of the whole supply chain. In the long term. the financing constraints of SMEs have been a problem that has plagued many countries around the world, including developed countries, and have not been effectively solved. Supply chain finance is one of the effective methods to alleviate financing constraints for firms. However, traditional supply chain finance has many shortcomings, such as information asymmetry, transaction forgeries, difficult credit evaluation, low business efficiencies. and inconvenient regulation of collateral. This paper utilizes the excellent. characteristics of blockchain to empower traditional supply chain finance, which can effectively resolve the shortcomings of traditional supply chain finance and help alleviate the financing constraints of firms. The research results not only can provide a new way to effectively solve the financing constraints for SMEs, but also can make a positive contribution to the comprehensive development of the digital economy and society. Currently, most literatures mainly discuss the basic characteristics, development models, business optimizations, and evolutionary games of blockchain-based supply chain finance. This paper firstly indicates the reasons for choosing the consortium blockchain and illustrates the network constructions of the supply chain finance system based on consortium blockchain. And then we initially analyze the operating mechanism of the system through adopting PBFT algorithm to achieve consistent consensus. We finally show the application scenarios of accounts receivable financing in our system. The main results we found are as follows. Firstly, because of the outstanding performances of the consortium blockchain, such as partial decentralization. consensus trust, tamper-proof, traceability, smart contract, privacy and security, it is much more suitable for the consortium blockchain rather than a public blockchain or private blockchain to build up the supply chain finance system. Secondly, the existing literatures of blockchain-based supply chain finance are not abundant and there are very rare researches about its internal logicality and operating mechanisms. Through carrying out the processes of selecting the master node, packaging data. building new blocks and verifying messages, the PBFT algorithm can achieve consistent consensus among all the nodes, which is the essential key to the operating mechanism of the supply chain finance system based on consortium blockchain. Meanwhile, this paper optimize the "requests pool" in the consensus processes and propose the data structures of the consensus algorithm. We hope to provide the theoretical references for the R&D and applications of the blockchain-based supply chain finance system for banks and firms. Thirdly, from the three perspectives of business processes, data adding to blockchain and financing performances. this paper discusses how banks and firms utilize the blockchain-based supply chain system to implement the financing businesses of accounts receivable. Compared with the common trade finance and the traditional supply chain finance, our system could be able to significantly shorten corporate financing time, reduce corporate loan interest rate and expand corporate loan volume. Our research is not only conducive to solving the corporate financing difficulties. especially for small and medium-sized enterprises, but also provides theoretical foundations and practical guidance for firms and banks to exploit and develop the supply chain finance system based on consortium blockchain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Building a new development pattern is a strategic choice made in the light of China's own development stage and conditions, taking full account of economic globalization and changes in the external environment. It is an inevitable choice for China to rebuild its competitive advantage after entering a new development stage. In-depth exploration of the industrial policy system's evolution and main trends that adapt to the new development pattern is not only the need for actively responding to the actions of developed countries to suppress China with the stick of industrial policy. but also the need for promoting China's high-quality development. For more than 40 years since the reform and opening up, the main goal of industrial policy system has been to promote China's economic growth. The selective industrial policy committed to catching up with developed countries has promoted economic growth, but also caused great damage to the market environment of fair competition. Under the new development pattern, stimulating internal competition and strengthening external security have become the new main goals of industrial policy system. To build a new development pattern, industrial policy is still an indispensable tool for promoting domestic and international double circulation and promoting high-quality economic development due to great changes in internal and external environment and factors such as the development environment of the times and industrial policy objectives. However, the previous industrial policy objectives and pattern should be adjusted and upgraded. The narrow industrial policy which is represented by industrial structure policy and industrial development policy with selective characteristics, scientific and technological innovation policy and competition policy and some other polices together constitute the broad industrial policy system closely related to economic development, but the implications of above policies overlap. Based on the perspective of economic development stage, this paper clarifies the integration. coordination withdrawal and reconstruction of industrial policy, scientific and technological innovation policy and competition policy. And we clarify the evolution of the three types of policies in the four stages of economic development, and try to explore the basic role of various policies in the construction of new development pattern. The new development pattern that makes the national economy supply and demand to achieve a virtuous cycle is a dynamic process. It requires that industrial policy and competition policy, special science and technology innovation policy dedicated to overcome the"stuck neck" difficulties and conventional science and technology innovation policy are balanced and coordinated with each other. Based on the above analysis, this paper proposes that under the diversified policy goals of the new development pattern. the relationship between the three types of economic policies is not the opposite but the complementary and coordinated. And China's policy system should be structured as follows: competition policy should be the basis of all policies: industrial policy and competition policy coordinate with each other; selective industrial policy gradually gives way to functional industrial policy; science and technology policy pay more attention to the front of the innovation chain than the back and the new nationwide system keeps the selective character. Finally, this paper further puts forward some suggestions to improve the industrial policy system under the new development pattern. such as establishing anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies. establishing a multi-level policy coordination mechanism. improving the whole-process governance mechanism of industrial policy. The conclusion in this paper is of great significance for exploring what kind of industrial policy system is needed in the new development pattern and what is the evolution trend of China's industrial policy system in the future. It also provides institutional innovation impetus and important policy tools for China to build a new development pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to historical materialism, the economic base consists of the sum of the relations of production determined by the productive forces. Cultural construction, as a part of the superstructure, reflects and serves the economic base. The new quality of productive forces is the innovation of Marx's concept of productive forces, which still belongs to the category of productive forces in essence. The construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics mainly includes consolidating Marxist ideology, leading social values, cultivating innovative culture, developing cultural industry and many other aspects, and is part of the superstructure. The development of new quality productive forces and the construction of socialist culture are two key elements of the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. They are not separated from each other or irrelevant, but they are two important parts of mutual penetration, mutual influence and internal correlation. In-depth study of the logical relationship between socialist cultural construction and the development of new quality productive forces, analysis of the current difficulties in promoting new quality productive forces by cultural construction and based on this, put forward the relevant expansion path, is the internal requirements for further developing new quality productive forces, promoting high-quality development, and promoting Chinese-style modernization. First of all, this paper analyzes and summarizes the internal logic conjunction point of cultural construction to promote the new qualitative productivity from three aspects, mainly answers the"Why" of cultural construction to promote the new qualitative productivity, and what is the conjunction point of the two? Through research and analysis, it is pointed out that one of the conjunction point between the two is that cultural construction helps to anchor the value objective of the new qualitative productive forces, and the other conjunction point is that cultural construction helps to optimize the dynamic system of the new qualitative productivity, the third point of agreement is that cultural construction helps to develop new industrial patterns of qualitative productivity. Secondly, this paper insists on the problem-oriented, from the reality analysis of the cultural construction to the promotion of the new quality of productivity in the process of facing "What" difficult problems. Through research and analysis, it is found that the main difficulties currently existing are: the lack of cultural and technological integration restricts the conformal development of new quality productivity forces, the lack of cultural literacy of workers restricts the endogenous development of new quality productive forces, and the lack of respect for innovation restricts the exogenous development of new quality productive forces. In the end, this paper answers the difficult problems in promoting new qualitative productivity from the perspective of cultural construction, and explores three specific development paths. First, culture construction helps to cultivate "New talents" and stimulate the vitality of talents for the development of new quality productive forces. Second, cultural construction helps to conquer"New technology" and injects core energy for the development of new quality productive forces. Third, cultural construction helps to create"New industries"and provides a strong impetus for the development of new quality productive forces. At the new historical starting point, it is an important task of the times to promote the new quality productive forces through cultural construction, which is the realistic requirement to adapt to the new situation, responding to the new expectation and the new challenges. This research has deeply answered why cultural construction can promote new qualitative productivity, what are the problems faced and how to further promote new qualitative productivity through cultural construction. Besides, it provides a useful reference for the follow-up research on the new path of developing new qualitative productivity, which is of great theoretical significance and practical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the new wave of sciemific and technological revolution and industrial change, how to continuously introduce new technologies and advanced production factors to cultivate new quality productive forces. It is a major issue that must be answered in the process of China's modernization by promoting strategic emerging industries and developing and expunding the industries of the future by promoting the in-depth transformation of traditional industries and seizing the commanding heights of global industrial development, and by constructing a modernizal industrial system with global competitiveness. This paper found that the leap in productivity in the previous industrial revolutions has driven industrial change and the formation of industrial systems. In the context of the new scientific and technological revolution the new quality productive forces shows a new era of connotation and characteristics, and plays a crucial driving role in the modern industrial system. In the context of Chinese modernization China's modern industrial system includes industrial structare system, industrial organization system, industrial factor system, industrial function system and industrial support system. The new quality Productive forces continuously optimizes the industrial structure system industrial organization vystem, industrial factor system, industrial function system and industrial support system through the effect of technological empowermem organizational reshaping factor upgrading chain mending and chain strengthening, and the effect of building up a strong foundation, etc. and it constantly promotes the construction of integrity, advancement and safety of the modernized industrial system.. This paper imerprets the important connotation of new quality productive forces from the three keywords of "New". "Quality" and "Productivity" based on the theory that productivity includes both physical and permeable elements. This paper closely follows the frontier of science and technology, focuses on how to cultivate new quality prodactive forces to promote the construction of modern indatrial system in an all-round, multi-level. Compared with other literature, it has a unique resesarch perspective and value. In addition, this paper focuses on the main directions of "Inner", "Entity", "Digitalization", "Greening" and "Future", clarifies the construction of modern industrial system and its mechanism, and puts forward relevant countermeasure suggestions based on the current problems in the construction of a modern industrial system with integrity, advancement and safety in China, which alo provides ideas and ways for the development of the new quality productive forces The study on new quality productive forces in this paper provides technical direction, resource guidance and mechanism support for the construction of a future-oriented modern industrial system in China. New quality productive forces is a new growth point for the revitalization of the economy of all countries, and its formation process can breed more core technologies and high-quality talents promote synergistic innovation between industries and thus improve the international competitiveness of the industries of all countries. This is an inevitable requirement for high-quality economic development and a new mission for building a modern socialist country in all respects. The development of new productive forces is an inevitable requirement for high-quality economic development and a new mission for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andrographis paniculata is one of the most important “Southern Medicines” in China. It is used for clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and reducing swelling. Its main active ingredient andrographolide has functions in anti-cancer, anti-HIV, anti-inflammation and liver protection. Andrographolide is difficult to be synthesized artificially, mainly relying on extraction from cultivated plant materials. However, the quality of cultivated medicinal materials is affected by various factors such as soil, climate, water and fertilizer managements, and A. paniculata has a long growth cycle, occupying land resources. The technology of plant in vitro culture has significant advantages in rapid propagation of seedling and accumulation of active ingredients, which is one of the important ways to achieve production of active ingredients rapidly and efficiently in A. paniculata. The in vitro regeneration technology system of A. paniculata is becoming increasingly perfect, and the in vitro regeneration technology from explants to complete plants is becoming more and more mature, and it has been applied in seedling propagation and ploidy breeding. At the same time, during callus culture, cell suspension culture, adventitious root culture and hairy root culture of A. paniculata, the accumulation of andrographolide and other active ingredients in the culture could be greatly increased by optimizing the culture conditions and using appropriate inducers. This paper comprehensively and systematically reviewed the research advances on the in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata and production of andrographolide from the aspects of tissue, cell, adventitious root, and hairy root cultures. This paper aimed to provide reference for promoting the development and application of in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata, as well as for the study of in vitro production of andrographolide. It also put forward three aspects that need be focused on in future research on in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata and the production of andrographolides by this technology: (1)To mature and improve the tissues in vitro regeneration technology system of A. paniculata, and to establish a comprehensive and systematic evaluation system; (2)To further increase the yield of andrographolide and other important active ingredients by optimizing the culture conditions and its combination with efficient inducers; (3)To carry out researches in bioreactor culture of the production of andrographolide by cell suspension culture technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-imaging syndrome dominated by reversible neurological damage and specific imaging manifestations, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a clinically rare disease. This paper described a case of an elderly male patient with PNH who had long-term chronic hemolytic anemia. After irregularly taking low-dose immunosuppressants and short-term intermittent infusion of 10 U of washed erythrocytes, he developed a PRES with headache, seizures, mental behavioural abnormalities, abnormally high blood pressure, and trace subarachnoid hemorrhage. It should be differentiated from diseases such as cerebral venous and venous sinus thrombosis and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. The aim of this paper is to improve the clinicians’ ability to prevent and identify this type of patients at an early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Ziti xiaozhi 紫隄小志 and Ziticun xiaozhi 紫隄村小志, compiled by Wang Yong’an 汪永安 in the early Qing Dynasty. Through the analysis of the genesis context and content changes of these local gazetteers, this paper shows how local social conditions and changes in the political environment affected the content of local gazetteers. In particular, I first demonstrate that Wang Yong’an’s inclusion of a large number of good deeds of the Hou 侯 family of Shanggu 上谷 and the Wang 汪 family of Pingyang 平陽 in his gazetteers had two purposes. On one hand, it was an attempt to influence compilers of official gazetteers to include members of their own clans. On the other hand, it reflected his belief that narratives of loyalty and righteousness could change the declining moral standards of Ziti villagers. Second, this paper also points out that in Ziticun xiaozhi, Wang Yong’an deleted sensitive content that expressed nostalgia for the Ming Dynasty and that affirmed the legitimacy of the Southern Ming regime. This reflects the latent self-censorship that emerged among literati during the Yongzheng 雍 正 period and illustrates the profound impact of political changes on how local elites wrote township gazetteers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]