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In the era of informatization and digitization, the rapid increase in the number of scientific papers has given rise to various challenges, such as lengthy articles, difficulty in information extraction and high time costs associated with reading. Literature reading challenges for researchers are increasingly tedious and time-consuming. By utilizing the language models, the assited reading system of scientific papers has been designed to address these challenges. By adopting machine reading comprehension technology as the core, the system parses scientific texts and offers some common questions to achieve automated response capabilities. By fully utilizing the pre-trained language model PERT, the system enhances its capabilities in semantic understanding and information extraction, effectively resolving various challenges in reading scientific papers and helping readers improve the efficiency of scientific literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method was proposed for point-of-care testing (POCT) of immunosuppressants in blood using thin-layer paper spray ionization and a miniature mass spectrometer. The aluminum thin-layer plate was used as paper spray substrate, and cut into an equilateral triangle. Aliquots of 10 μL blood sample were loaded on the aluminum thin-layer plate, and then 20 μL methanol was dropped as elution/spray solvent. The tip of the triangular plate was placed 1.0 cm in front of the discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface (DAPI) of the miniature mass spectrometer. When the spray voltage was applied, the sample was eluted from the triangular plate and formed paper spray ionization at the tip. Coupled with the miniature mass spectrometer, five immunosuppressants were detected under negative ion mode. The precursor ions ［M-H］- of tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, ciclosporin A, and mycophenolic acid are m/z 802.6, 912.6, 957.1, 1 200.8, 319.1, and product ions are m/z 560.2 and 604.3, m/z 590.3 and 321.2, m/z 590.3 and 365.2, m/z 1 088.8, m/z 287.4 and 275.1, respectively. Based on the observed signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the most intense tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragment peaks and using the S/N=3 and 10 as the criteria, the limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) are estimated to be 0.5-5 mg/L and 1-10 mg/L, respectively. The internal standard method was used for quantitative analysis, and indapamide was used as the internal standard compound. Sufficient linearity for each analyte is obtained with the correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.99. The proposed method displays good recoveries in the range of 91.0%-114.3% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 8.4%. Moreover, the developed method was used for the analysis of blood samples, which spiked with tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, cyclosporine A and mycophenolic acid at the concentration of 100 mg/L. The analytical results demonstrated the consistency between the proposed method and the traditional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The entire analysis procedure can be completed within 1 min. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, efficient, and suitable for POCT of immunosuppressants in blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examined the effects of cationic starch（CS） as a reinforcing agent and a binary reinforcement system with nanocellulose（NC） on the reinforcement of recycled paper produced from old corrugated cartons（OCC）. To determine an appropriate dosage of CS, we examined the effects of CS dosage on the performance of OCC recycled paper. Further, using the optimal dosage identified, the effects of its addition on the performance of OCC recycled paper were investigated by adding NC to form a binary reinforcement system. The strengthening mechanism of the CS-NC binary composite system was examined based on a combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, field emission scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and thermogravimetric（TG） analyses. The results revealed that CS（1.5%） had the best enhancement effect on OCC recycled paper, with burst, tensile, and tear strengths of hand sheets being increased by 17.62%, 18.18%, and 22.93%, respectively, and air permeability being decreased by 28.55%, compared with the control group. Furthermore, we found that combined treatments with 1.5% CS and NC all enhanced the performance of OCC, with optimal effects being observed when NC was added at a 1% concentration. Compared with the improvements obtained with the sole addition of 1.5% CS, the combined treatment was found to increase the burst, tensile, and tear strengths of OCC recycled paper by a further 5.11%, 11.54%, and 13.46%, respectively, and reduced air permeability by 12.58%. The findings of FTIR analysis revealed that CS can bind to pulp fibers, and that the addition of NC increases the number of hydrogen bonds, thereby facilitating a tighter bonding between fibers. Moreover, SEM observations of the microscopic morphology of the surface of recycled paper indicated that the CS-NC binary system can contribute to a more compact and tighter inter-fiber bonding. In addition, the TG analysis results revealed that by enhancing fiber cross-linking, the CS-NC treatment could increase thermal degradation of the remaining residue of OCC recycled paper to up to 600°C. Our findings in this study indicate that treatment with a combination of CS and NC can significantly enhance the performance of OCC recycled paper. We believe that our results would provide a valuable reference for the repeated recycling of OCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] Interdisciplinary research can creatively solve complex problems in natural environment and human society through knowledge integration and penetration. With the increase of interdisciplinary research results, the evaluation of interdisciplinarity becomes increasingly necessary. How to establish an effective method for interdisciplinarity measurement and achieve a comprehensive measurement of scientific research papers is an urgent problem to be solved. [Method/Process] Based on the above background, this study takes the data of scientific research papers as the analysis source, deconstructs the interdisciplinarity of scientific research papers from multiple dimensions, constructs the feature set of interdisciplinarity of scientific research papers, and on this basis proposes the method for measuring interdisciplinarity based on the adaptive method of machine learning, and conducts a comprehensive measurement of interdisciplinarity. This study has certain positive significance for researchers to understand the interdisciplinary papers in the field. The work process is as follows: First of all, the basic concepts of interdisciplinarity are sorted out and related concepts are discriminated, and the index of interdisciplinarity of different dimensions is analyzed. Based on the connotation and characteristics of interdisciplinary research, the characteristic index of interdisciplinarity of scientific research papers is extracted from three dimensions: subject attribute, knowledge network topology and knowledge integration text content. Secondly, an interdisciplinarity measurement method based on machine learning is constructed. By analyzing information gain and feature similarity of input indexes and data in feature sets, a feature selection calculation method based on adaptive feature selection is proposed, and the accuracy of feature classification is maximized by machine learning classifier. At the same time, the feature subset that can best express the interdisciplinary is selected based on the adaptive selection of the minimum number of features, and the selected adaptive feature set is used in the calculation of the interdisciplinary of the paper, and the results of the calculation of the original feature set are analyzed comprehensively. Finally, an empirical study was carried out in the field of plant nanobiotechnology to verify the effectiveness of the index system and adaptive feature selection listed above, identify and screen papers with high interdisciplinarity in the field, measure the interdisciplinarity of papers and identify key influencing factors based on the calculation of subject attributes, knowledge network topology and knowledge integration text content features. [Results/Conclusions] The main empirical results show that, among the subject attributes, the balance degree and the difference degree have a greater effect on the interdisciplinary evaluation. The overall effect of knowledge network topology structure features is satisfactory, the distribution breadth of knowledge integration text content features has a greater effect on interdisciplinary evaluation, and the calculation effect is further improved by fitness weighted summation of each feature. The results demonstrate that the adaptive feature selection proposed in this paper can effectively screen the interdisciplinary related feature indexes, improve the reliability of the results, and achieve a comprehensive and in-depth measurement of the interdisciplinary of scientific research papers. This measure method avoids the subjective defects that may occur in qualitative evaluation and the problems that different measure indicators may produce contradictory results. It provides a new idea and direction for interdisciplinary measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been a rapid increase in the number of studies related to COVID-19 at home and abroad. Review of relevant literature on COVID-19 provides data resources for related research on the emergence and transmission mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. However, the current COVID-19 related dataset is a collection of the literature, without classifying the data for each subfield, and the coarse-grained information such as the title and author fails to provide an in-depth understanding of the progress of COVID-19 research. Therefore, this paper created a dataset for the COVID-19 sub-domain and a fine-grained entity dataset. [Method/Process] Firstly, this paper proposed a literature screening method based on active learning model, which can obtain more valuable marker samples with less labor cost, so that the classifier has better generalization performance. We considered three base classifiers: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), and Random Forest (RF), while considering four query strategies: uncertainty sampling, expected error reduction, committee-based query, and random sampling. Taking the origin of SARS-CoV-2, one of the sub-fields related to SARS-CoV-2, as an example, articles related to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 were efficiently and accurately located from the literature. At the same time, this paper designed a labeling scheme covering 18 types of entities, including not only genes, proteins, compounds and other entities that are universal in the biological field, but also corona viruses and wild animals that are unique to the field of SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, visual annotation tool BRAT was used for entity annotation. The tagging team consisted of an administrator and six annotators, and the entity tagging consisted of two rounds. What's more, multi-k consistency index was used to calculate the consistency score of annotation results. [Results/Conclusions] The results of the active learning model show that the uncertain sampling query strategy has the best performance. SVM, LR and RF based on uncertain sampling can correctly screen 425, 465 and 489 articles, respectively. After the removal of overlapping articles, a dataset related to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 was constructed, containing a total of 885 articles. Secondly, based on the proposed entity labeling scheme, 6 annotators completed 99 papers. Based on the results of fine marking, this paper constructed an entity dataset containing 39,118 entities, which is the largest and most comprehensive entity corpus in the field of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] This paper investigates the research on author name disambiguation published in recent years, and reviews the development context of relevant research from the perspective of the impact of data on author name disambiguation methods, so as to provide reference for further research. [Method/Process] The papers related to author name disambiguation were collected from English research databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Academic, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Springer Link, and Chinese research databases such as CNKI, CQVIP and WANFANG. The search results cover the relevant papers published from 1998 to 2021. On the premise of giving consideration to authority, influence and novelty, 46 publicationswere selected for review. There are many types and structures of author name disambiguation data. For example, literature feature information is generally presented in unstructured text, and the extracted features can be stored and represented in two-dimensional tables; Citation information and interpersonal relationship are network relational data, which can be stored and represented by graphs, key value pairs or two-dimensional tables. The fundamental reason for different data structures lies in their semantic differences, but the data structure itself determines its applicable algorithm. According to the structure of characteristic data used in the author name disambiguation task and the different corresponding data processing algorithms, the relevant research is divided into three categories: 1) disambiguation method based on literature characteristics, 2) disambiguation method based on social network and 3) disambiguation method by integrating external knowledge. The impact of data on the author name disambiguation method is examined from the data level. [Results/Conclusions] The analysis found that with the progress of technology, deep learning methods have been widely used. Compared with the improvement of the model, the feature learning and representation based on deep learning can significantly improve the effect of the author name disambiguation algorithm. In addition, in order to overcome the problem of insufficient data utilization by a single method and improve the utilization efficiency of data, the three methods show the trend of mutual combination and complementary gain. From the literature research results, there are few related studies on incremental author name disambiguation and multi-language author name disambiguation, which could be one of the directions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the soil hydraulic characteristics across a wide range of suctions (0-10 MPa) of Benggang soil, the soil water holding capacities of different soil layers in Benggang was determined using the pressure film meter and the filter paper methods. Traditional and modified Van Genuchten-Mualem (VG) models were used to fit the soil moisture characteristics curves. The results showed that the water-holding curves determined by the pressure film meter and filter paper methods intersected and tended to overlap. This observation suggested combining the two measurement methods to obtain soil moisture characteristic curves over a wide suction range. Further, within the wide suction range, the water-holding capacity of the sandy soil layer was higher than that of the red and detritus soil layers in the low suction stage (h<0.1 MPa). However, in the high suction stage (h>0.1 MPa), the red soil layer had the highest water-holding capacity. Both the traditional and modified VG models were able to fit the soil moisture characteristics of each soil layer of the Benggang wall with a root mean square error of less than 0.021 5. The Nash efficiency and correlation coefficients were greater than 0.926 6 and 0.899 1, respectively. Noticeably, the modified VG model was more suitable for describing the soil moisture characteristic curves of the Benggang wall across a wide suction range. The residual values of the soil moisture characteristic curves for the red, sandy, and detritus layers were 378 kPa (corresponding to a water content of 18.82%), 173 kPa (corresponding to a water content of 18.95%), and 92 kPa (corresponding to a water content of 18.41%), respectively. Finally, the form of the segmental function (with the residual value as the inflection point) was more suitable for describing the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity over a wide suction range of Benggang soils than the conventional VG model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposal of a national strategy for the "New Western Land Sea Corridor" will affect the reconstruction of the overall freight distribution pattern in western China. As the most important hub node for cargo distribution and transshipment in inland areas, the inland port (or dry port) is of great significance to regional economic development, logistics systems, and the construction of a new regional development pattern. Therefore, 111 papers on inland port research in international core journals have been selected in this study to systematically review the research status of inland ports and put forward the key directions and development trends for future research to serve the theoretical research and construction planning practice of inland ports in China, and globally. In this study, the literature metrology method is adopted to divide inland port research and development into three stages: the first stage is the initial stage (before 2005); the second stage is the slow fluctuating growth stage (2006-2017); the third stage is the rapid increase stage (2018-present). Scholars are interested in inland port research mainly from mainland China, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other countries (regions). Related research topics on inland ports are mostly combined with transportation, logistics, and other fields, which indicates that inland ports have become an important part of transportation systems and supply chain transportation networks. Among specific related research topics, the concept of inland ports is an important research topic, mainly focusing on the differences in naming and function, facilities of inland ports under different geographical backgrounds, and additional functions extended with economic development; however, its concept has not yet been unified. Research on the spatial layout system of inland ports shows that the inland port site selection and layout can be roughly summed up as a supply chain-oriented pattern, and industrial cluster-oriented pattern; the former often near port cargo distribution of traffic nodes, while the latter is on the border between the end of the supply chain. The location and layout of inland ports are influenced by economic foundation, transportation infrastructure, and local policy factors. Inland ports have a profound impact on the region. In terms of spatial effects, they have an impact on urban spatial planning and land use; in terms of economic effects, they can promote regional economic development and employment; in terms of environmental effects, they can reduce energy consumption and emissions, and promote the realization of regional sustainable development. In the operation and control of inland ports, special attention should be paid to the relationship between port planning and each manager, as well as to the management system, to realize the efficient, sustainable, and healthy development of inland ports. Finally, based on the new trends of global inland port logistics research and the realistic demand of China, we put forward several suggestions for future research, including the redefinition of dry ports, spatial layout and planning of inland ports, their regional influence, the port-city relationship, risk of investment, and potential benefits of inland ports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] Science funding provides financial support for academic institutions, researchers and research projects, and at the same time plays a guiding role in the development of scientific innovation. The research of funded papers contributes to the development of the discipline and is of great significance to the encouragement and support of researchers. [Method/Process] Based on the funded papers published in Chinese journals and foreign journals in the field of library and information science (LIS) during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, this paper analyzes from the perspectives of the time distribution of papers issued, research output of difierent types foundations and the research topics. [Results/Conclusions] The number of fiinded papers published in Chinese journals in LIS from 2016 to 2020 has decreased year by year, but the number of fiinded papers published in foreign journals has slowly increased year by year; for funded papers published in Chinese journal during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, provincial (municipal) foundations funded papers are more outstanding, and National Natural Science Foundation funded papers are more notable for the number and effects of the funded papers in foreign journals; the fiinded papers in Chinese journals show a great impact on library sendees, changes and data, digital resource construction and university libraries; while fiinded papers in foreign journals pay more attention to social media, theme models, scientometrics and library construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used bibliometrics to analyze the characteristics of funded papers in the social sciences in Taiwan from 2015 to 2019, including the number of funded papers, funded paper ratio, document types, fields, type of publishing organizations, journal impact, and paper citation impact. The results indicate that the number of funded papers and the funded paper ratio of SSCI papers from Taiwan have both increased. In addition to articles and reviews, conference papers are a major type of funded paper for local SSCI papers. In terms of fields, the nontraditional social sciences, such as environmental sciences, psychiatry, and public/environmental & occupational health, have a particularly high funded paper ratio. However, the number of funded papers and funded paper ratio is the highest in the field of education & educational research. The fields of economics, management, and business have a large number of funded papers but a low funded paper ratio. Universities are the main funded institutions, but hospitals have the highest funded paper ratio. Funded papers tend to have higher paper citation impacts. Therefore, funding positively affects the productivity and impact of SSCI papers from Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, tunicate cellulose nanocrystals(tCNC) were investigated as a filler added to bleached kraft pulp. First, tCNC were prepared through bleaching and acid hydrolysis. The structure, morphology, crystallinity, and particle size and zeta potential of the tCNC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a malvern particle sizer, respectively. Second, kraft pulp with a consistency of 10% was refined to 42 °SR through a PFI refiner. Then 60 g·m-2 handsheets were prepared from this pulp. Prior to preparing the handsheets, tunicate nanocellulose was thoroughly mixed into the pulp at four gradients:0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, and 1.5%. Cationic polyacrylamides(CPAM) were added to the pulp slurry as a retention agent. A control experiment was set up accordingly. The effects of tCNC addition on the tearing, tensile, burst, air permeability, and optical properties of the handsheets were evaluated. The results indicated that the maximum increase in the tear index was 12.00% when tCNC was added 0.6%. The tensile index reached its maximum value when tCNC was added at 0.6%, with an increase of 12.04% compared to pure pulp sheets. The tensile index increased by 16.55%. In this experiment, nanocellulose prepared from a mantle sea animal was used for the first time as reinforcing filler in papermaking, which has greatly extended the application of tCNC in the enhancement of paper strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco smoke contains a large number of harmful substances and has been widely proved to be able to induce a variety of human diseases. Human eyes are exposed to ambient air for a long time in daily life and are susceptible to air pollutants such as tobacco smoke in the air. Therefore, direct monitoring of characteristic components of tobacco smoke in human tears is expected to efficiently assess the exposure level of tobacco smoke to human eyes. Due to human tears at the microliter level, conventional sample collection and chemical analysis methods are a challenging task. Mass spectrometry (MS) has the unique advantages of high sensitivity, specificity and speed, especially, the development of ambient MS with solid substrates has greatly facilitated direct sample analysis with little or no sample pretreatment. Schirmer paper strip is clinically used for sampling of human tears, which is safe, non-invasive, and can be used for measuring the volume of tears. In this study, a small Schirmer paper strip was further prepared for noninvasive microsampling of human tears which exposed to tobacco smoke, and high voltage and an organic solvent were applied onto Schirmer paper to directly generate paper spray ionization for ambient MS analysis. The good analytical performances, including sensitivity (LOD: 0.1 μg/L, S/N≥3; LOQ: 1.0 μg/L, S/N≥10), precision (RSD: 4.89%-7.61%, n=5, with internal standard), recovery (98%-102.1%, n=5), and linear range (0.5-50 μg/L, R2=0.991 8) were achieved. Monitoring nicotine in human tears under different exposure times was also investigated, showing that the concentration of nicotine will the increase with increasing the exposure time ranging from 0 to 8 min. The nicotine can research to be 45 μg/L after burning a cigarette (about 8 min). The retention time of nicotine in human tears was found to be about 20 min (less than 5%), and the half-life time is about 4 min. Overall, our results show that Schirmer paper spray mass spectrometry could be used for qualitative and quantitative detection of trace environmental exposures such as nicotine in human eyes with many advantages, including safe, noninvasive, easy-to-operation, low-consumption as low as 1.0 μL, and thus has potential for many applications in environmental exposure and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinones in PM2.5 are harmful substances that can damage body's immune system by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are mainly produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels such as petroleum, coal, wood and cigarettes. Meanwhile, the gas-phase reaction between poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxidative substances including ozone and radical species will result in the secondary formation of quinones. Rapid determination of quinones in PM2.5 is the basis for the health risk assessment and atmospheric environment quality control. However, the traditional methods for determining quinones in the atmosphere are time-consuming and labor-intensive, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Here, paper spray mass spectrometry was introduced for the rapid determination of quinones in PM2.5, which was an ambient ionization technique developed in 2010. The ionization efficiency of quinones in paper spray is low for their weak polarity and low proton affinity. To improve their ionization efficiency, an amino group was introduced into the quinone structures through the derivatization reaction between thiol reagents and quinones. The reaction conditions, including the type of derivatization reagent (glutathione, cysteine and cysteamine), spray voltage (3-5 kV), and spray solvent composition (acetonitrile, acetonitrile-alcohol (1∶1, V/V), acetonitrile-methanol (1∶1, V/V), acetonitrile-ethyl acetate (1∶1, V/V), were optimized. The results showed that the best performances were achieved with cysteamine as the thiol reagent, 5 kV as the spray voltage, and acetonitrile as the spray solvent. Under the optimal conditions, the analysis performances of the derivative-based paper spray for the determination of four quinones (1,4-benzoquinone, methyl-p-benzoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,4-anthraquinone) were characterized. With BQ-D4 and 1,4-NQ-D6 as internal standards (IS), it showed good linearity for 1,4-benzoquinone (IS, BQ-D4), methyl-p-benzoquinone (IS, BQ-D4), 1,4-naphthoquinone (IS, 1,4-NQ-D6) and 1,4-anthraquinone (IS, 1,4-NQ-D6) analysis with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.990, 0.993, 0.992, 0.990, respectively. Based on three times of the standard deviation of 11 blank values (3×δblank/k, k is the slope of the linear equation), the limits of detection (LODs) of BQ, MBQ, NQ and AQ were 4.49, 20.89, 0.13 and 0.17 ng, respectively. In addition, good qualitative and quantitative results were obtained for the analysis of 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,4-anthraquinone in PM2.5. This work provides a rapid, simple, low-cost and environment-friendly method for the quality control of quinones in PM2.5. However, the repeatability and quantitative ability of the derivative-based paper spray mass spectrometry should be further improved in the future, such as by the means of modifying the chromatographic paper with nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] "The Belt and Road" is an initiative proposed by China in recent years to cooperate and develop a community with a shared future for mankind, which has been continuously highly concerned by all circles at home and abroad. From the perspective of the citation of highly cited papers, the academic exchange of countries along the Belt and Road initiative cam provide a quantitative reference for future international academic and technological exchanges, collaborative innovation and development. [Method/Process] Based on the highly cited papers among the countries along the "The Belt and Road" in the WoS database from 2013 to 2018, this paper constructed a reference matrix and analyzed the network structure, and drew a national citation network map for cluster division. Furthermore, it explored the current state of academic exchange along the "The Belt and Road" and the direction of Chinese academic output, and further analyzed the correlation between Chinese academic exchanges and trade cooperation with other 64 countries along the route. [Results/Conclusions] The research results show that the countries along "The Belt and Road" have close academic exchange and obvious "small world" characteristics. China is the core of academic exchange and the highly cited papers in many research directions in China are cited by many countries along "The Belt and Road". Besides, academic exchange and trade cooperation between China and countries along "The Belt and Road" are strongly related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper spray mass spectrometry has received considerable attentions in recent years due to its simple operation, low cost and without tedious sample pretreatment prior to analysis. However, paper spray ionization (PSI) as a type of electrospray-based ionization source, there are few reports on exploring the ionization performance differences between it and two frequently used electrospray ionization (ESI) and nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI). Herein the ionization performance of above three ionization sources was compared systematically by using gasolines, myoglobin, cytochrome c and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) as samples. According to the obtained results, the ionization performance demonstrated the following trend: PSI

Traditional ion sources generally require complex sample pre-processing for the analytes, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and cannot meet the requirements of rapid on-site detection, this problem greatly restricts the scope of application of the mass spectrometer. Atmospheric pressure ion source is a new type of ionization technology which has emerged in the last ten years, and it is also one of the hotspots in the application of mass spectrometry technology in life sciences, environmental protection, medicine and health, food safety and other fields. With the wider application of mass spectrometry technology, direct and rapid analysis of the composition and content of complex system has become more and more important. Based on the developed miniaturized ion trap mass spectrometer and electric-filter paper spray ion source, this paper conducted in-depth experimental research on their analytical performance and application. With the aim of improving the signal intensity and detection sensitivity of the mass spectra, the aperture of the filter paper, the angle between the tip of the ion source and the horizontal plane, the distance between the ion source and the mass spectrometry injection capillary, and the material of the metal funnel were systematically optimized. The experimental results showed that when the filter paper with a pore size of 20-25 μm, the angle between the ion source tip and the horizontal plane is 15°-60°, and the distance between the ion source and the mass spectrometry injection capillary is 7.5 mm, the signal intensity is the highest, the used different metal materials have little effect on the signal intensity of the ion source. Under the optimized experimental conditions, standard samples of sucrose, kemptide, vitamin B2, rocuronium, arginine and fentanyl were tested, which greatly expanded the application range of the ion source. Analysis and detection of ammonia plus Huangmin capsules could quickly obtain the molecular ion peak of paracetamol (m/z 152), and the malachite green (m/z 329) molecular ion peak could be quickly detected in the living fish. In summary, the electric-filter paper spray ion source can realize rapid real-time detection and analysis, and reduce the complicated pre-processing process of the analytes. Furthermore, it can improve the sample analysis speed, and expand the application field of ion trap mass spectrometry technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen doped fluorescent carbon dots (N-CDs) with high quantum yield (QY=87. 76%) were synthesized by solvothermal method using diphenylamino-4-benzaldehyde and o-phenylenediamine as raw materials and ethanol as solvent. The optical properties of N-CDs in organic solvents and aqueous solutions were investigated, indicating that N-CDs have good solvent dependence and chemical stability. The addition of water constructed a hydrogen bonding grid in N-CDs, thereby achieving a redshift in emission wavelength, and the N-CDs solution changes from blue to yellow. Furthermore, based on the reversible color change from blue to yellow of N-CDs fluorescent test strips, a portable air humidity visualization detection test strip was prepared. In addition, N-CDs can also be used for fluorescent ink, writing paper, and fluorescent flexible films, which expanding their applications in information transmission, advanced anti-counterfeiting encryption, and solid-state fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A standardized operation of the paper pot machine has not been achieved. Therefore, the effects of humidity on uniformity were investigated. The filling volume and sawing length of the machine-produced paper pots were measured under various humidity conditions(20%,31%,47%,63%,67%,89%,98%) and analyzed in SPSS. The results showed that humidity influenced the set filling volume versus the actual filling volume, as well as the sawing length, except under 63% and 67% humidity. Homogeneity of the data variance was calculated, and the paper pots prepared under 63% and 67% humidity were significantly different (P<0.05) from the other levels. In these cases, the actual filling volume was comparable to the set volume, and the sawing length was similar to the standard sawing length. The low standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and dispersion indicate that the optimum humidity range for machine paper pot formation is between 60% and 70%. Paper pots produced in this humidity range had a production pass rate of 99.17% and a total qualified seedling rate of 89.88%. Paper pots produced within the optimal humidity range enables a more uniform filling volume and sawing length. Additionally, the pass and qualified seedling rates can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The porous characteristic of tlie paper substrate causes penetration and difusion of tlie li(_uid material on the surface. Therefore，it is extremely difficult to form an RFIDtag metal antenna by electroless deposition on the surface of the paper substrate. Aiming at this problem，the stannous chloride colloid solution \as applied to avoid the catalytic ink penetration in the paper - based substrate. Moreover， paper substrate was immersed in chitosan solu- tion， which could bring functional group and improve the conductivity and adhesion of RFID metal antenna. The SEM，XRD，EDS and adhesion test of the metal layer antenna of the RFID tag proved that the surface of the metal layer of tlie tag antenna had advantages including dense surface， high crystallinity， good adhesion， low resistivity (2.58X10-8 # + cm)，good mechanical properties (1000 bending test). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the utilization of apple pomace resources, verify the antibacterial activity and antiseptic properties of the ethanol extract of apple pomace, the antibacterial activity of extract from apple pomace were determined by the inhibition zone test. In addition, the antibacterial effect of the extract under different pH and salt concentration had been studied. At the same time, the ethanol extract of apple pomace was applied to the preservation of Passiflora edulia, using sensory scores and various physical and chemical indicators(Vc, soluble solids, total acid, solid acid ratio)as the basis to investigate the antiseptic effect of the extract. The results were as follows:(1)The ethanol extract of apple pomace had no obvious inhibitory effect on yeasts(diameter of inhibition zone <1 mm), but it had obvious inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli(diameter of inhibition zone was 6-9 mm).(2)The best inhibitory concentration for these strains was 4.0 g·L-1. In addition, when the antibacterial effect of the extract was optimal, the pH was 6-7 and the salt concentration was 5.0 g·L-1.(3)The optimal concentration for Passiflora edulia was 0.2%, and the rot rate after storage at this concentration was only 6.7%(control group was 67%), and the weight loss rate was 5.5%(control group was 36.3%). The soluble solids and total acid content were not significantly different from those before storage(P>0.05)(control group P<0.05). And most of the fruits were plump, firm, bright and shiny, moderately sweet and sour. The antibacterial extract of apple pomace has antibacterial activity and significant antiseptic effect, and provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of apple pomace resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to explore the polysemy of compound and complex sentences through Mandarin conditionals. Focusing on the two basic conditional constructions, i.e., the ruguo construction and the ruguoshuo construction, this paper explores their inter-clausal relations as well as the polysemous relations existing within each construct. A conceptual space is thus built, and then the distribution of three domains (i.e., the content domain, the epistemic domain, and the speech act domain) and metalanguage usages are cautiously defined on the space, in order to present the semantic extensions of conditional constructions in greater detail and also to illustrate the differences between the two constructions. Then, by comparing the ruguo construction and the if construction in English, the paper points out that the polysemy of compound and complex sentences is universal but is also subject to the system of compound and complex sentences of each language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangrove forests, characterized by high photosynthetic rate and low light compensation point, exhibit high gross primary production (GPP), an important component of "blue carbon". Accurate estimation of regional GPP and quantification of its limiting factors are greatly significant for China to achieve its carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. In this paper, the GPP of mangrove ecosystems in Hainan Island from 2016 to 2020 were estimated based on the mangrove vegetation photosynthesis-light use efficiency (MVP-LUE) model using Sentinel-2 imagery and environmental data, and the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of GPP and its driving mechanism were explored. The results were as follows: (1) During the study period, the annual GPP of mangrove ecosystems on Hainan Island showed an increasing trend, with higher GPP in the eastern regions than western regions, and northern regions than southern regions. The mangroves distributed over a large area in northeastern Hainan Island dominate the temporal variation patterns at the whole island scale. However, distinct differences exist in the temporal dynamics across different regions of the mangrove ecosystem in Hainan Island. (2) In terms of the formation mechanism, the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of GPP of mangrove ecosystems on Hainan Island was driven by a combination of multiple meteorological factors. Seasonally within each year, during the transition from the dry season to rainy season, GPP was higher due to lower limitation from air temperature (Tair), and the promoting effects of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and sea surface temperature. In the middle of the dry season, low Tair imposed a serious limitation on GPP, but this Tair, limitation was weakened with decreasing latitude. In the rainy season, higher cloud cover resulted in PAR becoming a limiting factor for GPP. At the end of the paper, we discussed the uncertainties and limitations of MVP-LUE, and the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of mangrove ecosystem GPP not only be constrained by environmental factors, but also species composition and forest age structure can also be driving factors. The results of this study provide basic data to assess the contribution of regional mangrove forests to the global carbon cycle, and theoretical support to reveal the key environmental factors affecting mangrove ecosystem carbon dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of acute ischemic stroke during the perioperative period after wedge resection of pulmonary lobes is not high, but it may lead to life-long disability and even death in severe cases, thus affecting the prognosis of patients. At present, the pathogenesis is still unclear. This paper reported two cases of interventional thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke after lung cancer surgery. Patient 1 underwent wedge resection of the upper lobe of the left lung under thoracoscope. On the same day, acute embolism of the left middle cerebral artery caused extensive infarction in the left cerebral hemisphere. After interventional thrombectomy and recanalization (TICI grade 3), the patient had a good prognosis (NIHSS score of 4). Patient 2 underwent the right inferior pulmonary wedge resection under thoracoscope. On the same day, basilar artery occlusion caused extensive cerebellar infarction. After interventional thrombectomy, the blood vessels reopened well (TICI grade 3), but the patient had severe postoperative brain edema and ultimately gave up treatment. This paper summarized the experience, reviewed relevant literature and analyzed the high-risk factors for acute ischemic stroke after wedge resection of pulmonary lobes, to provide a reference for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coverage tasks of mobile robots are evolving towards large-scale and intelligent di- rections demanding urgent requirements for the coverage efficiency and environmental adaptabil- ity of coverage path planning. To address the inadequate adaptability of the traditional boustro- phedon cellular decomposition in complex maps and to improve coverage efficiency, a complete coverage path planning method is proposed. Firstly, based on the boustrophedon cellular decom- position method. a strategy of area-descending traversal and monotone polygon judgment was proposed to merge cells, reducing approximately half of the cell quantity. Finally, by establis- hing the mapping relationship between the starting and ending positions of cells, a genetic algo- rithm was employed to optimize the selection of cells' starting positions and the global access or- der. The research results show that: 1) when processing maps with dimensions of 1 300 pixels. the algorithm in this paper can obtain calculation results within 10 s, and compared with the boustrophedon method, neural network method, and contour line method, the growth rate of calculation time is smaller with the increase of map area: 2) compared with the boustrophedon method, contour line method, neural network method, and energy-optimal method, the total op- eration time of robots in this paper is reduced by 5.4% to 47.0%, and the ineffective operation time is reduced by 5.8% to 29.2%; 3) the average coverage rate of this algorithm on 1 800 test maps reaches 99,91%; 4) the tests further confirm the significant coverage efficiency advantages of the algorithm proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Demand traction, technology promotion" is the main rule of the development of equipment system construction. This paper focuses on the analysis of system requirements, and puts forward the process of system requirements analysis on the basis of analyzing the basic connotation of system requirements analysis, combining the advantages of threat and capability; aiming at the key technical problems such as capability gap measurement and mapping analysis in system requirements analysis. The capacity gap measurement model is established, and the QFD method is used to realize the mapping between the capability requirement-system requirement-technology requirement, and the analysis of the typical space target monitoring system is taken as an example to verify the system demand analysis method proposed in this paper, which provides a theoretical basis for carrying out the system demand analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex mental illness characterized by mood fluctuations, excitability and impaired functioning. Anxiety in BD patients frequently leads to increased clinical symptoms, worse social functioning, and a higher risk of suicide. Current research on BD with anxiety symptom primarily examined clinical characteristics, prevalence and treatment, with limited focus and inconsistent findings on its neuro-biogenetic mechanisms. The findings in this area were also inconsistent. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), known for its non-invasive nature and high resolution, is extensively utilized in investigating disease mechanisms. Consequently, this paper gave a comprehensive review on the progress in brain imaging on BD patients with anxiety symptom, seeking to discern stable changes in brain structure and function, thereby enrich our understanding of the neurobiological etiology of this condition and offer valuable insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies making. This paper covered 14 original studies and synthesized their findings on brain structure and function. Conclusively, the changes of brain functional activities in BD patients with anxiety symptom mainly involve the prefrontal lobe, posterior cingulate cortex, temporal lobe and angular gyrus, while the changes of brain structure mainly involve the left hippocampus and middle frontal gyrus, but the consistency of the research results needs to be enhanced. The research in this field is not sufficient, and more homogeneous clinical samples and larger longitudinal studies are needed to verify and supplement the above results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary In response to the difficulties faced by the open data movement, the Chinese government has prioritized promoting the opening of high-value data sets to the public. However, the policy is promoted slowly in practice, and the basic problems are not studied enough in theory. Most of the existing literature focuses on open data subjects and open data platforms. and there is a lack of existing literature on data sets and their value recognition. This paper uses comparative research literature analysis and other methods to carry out research. Firstly, the paper analyzes the difficulties faced by the open data movement of governments around the world points out that the cause is the technical, institutional and organizational constraints, and puts forward the necessity and feasibility of opening high value data sets. Secondly, based on the process sorting and mechanism comparison of opening high-value data sets around the world, it is pointed out that the United States and the European Union have reached a consensus on basic positioning, promotion system and governance means. but there are also differences in goal orientation and regulation degree. Thirdly, the paper systematically combs the relevant practical exploration of European and American countries, extracts the existing experience, and analyzes the current challenges. Finally, in view of China's promotion of the priority opening of high-value data sets. it is suggested that based on the practical basis of data opening, the concept of data opening should be optimized. an open mechanism should be systematically established. and open norms should be clarified in a timely manner, so as to form a comprehensive, systematic and clear institutional system. Compared with previous literatures, this paper expands on the two aspects of experience extraction and countermeasures. First, the experience of European and American countries in exploring open high-value data set standards is summarized into the establishment of typed content standards. three-star formal standards and multi- agent participation procedure standards. Second, it puts forward the overall strategy of prioritizing the opening of high-value data sets in China including optimizing the opening concept and strengthening the market-oriented concept consciousness, the establishment of subjective and objective standard identification mechanism. policy and law reference system adjustment mechanism. data suppliers and data demand communication feedback mechanism. It also includes open specifications that clarify the concept of high-value data sets, content boundaries, and open order. This study systematically summarized the practical experience of opening high-value data sets outside the region. extracted the basic operation mechanism, analyzed the challenges faced by the current work of opening high-value data sets, expanded the existing theoretical research on data opening, and provided a foundation for comprehensive and in-depth research on open high-value data sets in the future. On this basis, the policy suggestions are helpful for the further development of China's practice of opening high-value data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary In the digital economy era, platforms are becoming the core economic hub of the entire digital market. Their strong internal management capabilities and information screening and push capabilities make the alienation of some super- large platforms into "power subjects". In order to prevent platform power from hindering the development of a healthy competitive order in the digital market. Internet platform interconnection is regarded as a key mechanism for optimizing and transforming the development model of the digital market. However, there are still many controversies about the theoretical basis and institutional content of platform interconnection, among which more controversies are about how to balance platform interconnection and platform operating freedom. In practice. platform companies generally have the phenomenon of being lazy or delaying the promotion of interconnection for reasons such as user security and corporation business strategy. Under this practical situation, this article comprehensively sorts out and summarizes the institutional changes of interconnection by comparing the changes in the basic connotation of interconnection in the telecommunications industry and the platform economy era and the root causes behind it. Combined with the various theories and propositions of existing scholars on platform interconnection. it is found that the business compliance standards of interconnection actually include three levels of connotation: inter-accessibility, the superiority of small and medium- sized platforms, and the synchronous update of industrial forms. This paper believes that the essence of interconnection is the technical framework to ensure the openness and sharing of the Internet, and the interconnection between platforms at the level of antitrust law is to avoid the platform from splitting the entire digital market. In order to achieve the implementation effect of the interconnection system, the interconnection system can be used to supplement the revised provisions of the Anti-Monopoly Law of the People's Republic of China in the form of legal principles: first, around data acquisition capabilities. business lock-in levels. etc., clarify the interpretation logic of the standards for the identification of abuse of market dominance: second. based on size and market position formulate differentiated compliance requirements that are adapted to small and medium-sized platforms and super platforms respectively: third, internalize regulatory requirements into technical constraints, and expand interconnection at the algorithm level through data compliance technology. Compared with previous literature, this paper has revealed the legitimacy of the platform interconnection system to a certain extent, and has refined the basic principles and specific rules of the platform interconnection system under the antitrust law system. No longer confined to the discussion of the abstract value balance between platform interconnection and platform operating freedom in existing research, it turns to a more practical way to re-construct and analyze how interconnection can extend specific antitrust normative expressions from the three aspects of legal application. supporting system and implementation method. This research path effectively avoids the drawback that the conclusions of value balance analysis cannot be applied to actual regulatory activities, and provides more direct theoretical tools and institutional recommendations for antitrust legislation and enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Recently, the United States has continuously exposed big confidentiality cases, involving individuals ranging from former or current presidents to retired soldiers, which on the one hand shows that the protection of state secrets is facing the challenges of the digital age, on the other hand, it also reveals the full coverage of the US confidentiality legal system. This paper argues that, as a pioneer in information technology and a cyber power in digital technology, the self-reflection and innovation of the US confidentiality legal system in keeping with the times reflect the development trend of future confidentiality legal systems, which is worth learning from when revising and improving confidentiality laws in China. The experience of the United States rule of law in confidentiality indicates that under the rapid development of digital technology, the national confidential legal system needs to establish a concept of classified information infrastructure that conforms to the characteristics of the times, and fully consider the security of endpoints. system environments personnel and corresponding capabilities for establishing, maintaining managing and destroying classified information, so as to actively respond to environmental changes and challenges caused by the application of network information technology. After World War II, the United States modernized and reformed its classified information infrastructure through laws and regulations constantly adjusting the delicate balance between information disclosure and confidentiality. Under the guidance of a series of executive orders of President Roosevelt. the classified information infrastructure was changed from wartime to peacetime. After the 9/11 incident, President Obama's Executive Order No. 13526 further transformed the confidentiality infrastructure, established a comprehensive controlled unclassified information system, and gradually formed a set of classified information security system construction. Different from other legal systems in the United States presidential executive orders have become an important component and main source of the US confidentiality legal system due to their relatively simple and efficient legislative process. After legislation, the US government attaches great importance to the effective implementation of laws, that is, supporting regulations, requiring relevant departments to timely formulate or modify standards, manuals and other normative documents for implementation. These standards and manuals are important tools for ensuring the effective implementation of confidentiality infrastructure laws, and also demonstrate the strong technical characteristics of their confidentiality infrastructure legal system. This paper proposes that for a long time the legislation on confidential infrastructure in the United States has been guided by national security strategies, and focuses on supporting cooperation of related industries and enterprises. In cyber society. the relevant laws of the United States have also strengthened the connection between confidential infrastructure and cyber security: in the face of the new international security situation brought about by the Russia- Ukraine conflict, the flexibility of its confidentiality law also supports the transfer of security benefits under its strategic intention. The current status and trends of legislation on confidentiality infrastructure in the United States. as well as the flexible support of legal enforcement for strategy, have provided new ideas for the construction and improvement of China's confidentiality legal system from the legislative concept of confidentiality law. the modernization of confidentiality rule of law and the standardized content and form of confidentiality legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary In recent years administrative interview has gradually become an important tool for government departments to carry out network information content supervision. As a new way of administrative law enforcement, the Internet administrative interview contains the concepts of democracy, equality consultation and service, which greatly alleviates the contradiction with the administrative counterpart and improves the efficiency and quality of administrative law enforcement. From the perspective of responsive supervision theory, this paper uses qualitative text analysis software Nvivoll to conduct quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis on 265 administrative interview texts collected from national and local Cyberspace Administration official websites and other open channels. This paper presents the general situation and general characteristics of Internet administrative interview from six dimensions: interview subject, interview object, starting mechanism, interview content, interview strategy and interview result. Specifically speaking: in terms of interview subjects, government departments are the leading force of interview, and interview subjects of different levels also have great differences in the number of interview objects and interviews, and the participation degree of non-governmental subjects is relatively low. The interviewees are mainly divided into three categories; trans-regional large-scale Internet information service enterprises, regional media organizations, ordinary Internet users. and we-media. Among them trans-regional large-scale Internet enterprises are the most frequently interviewed. There are two kinds of interview initiation mechanisms, the active one with government power as the discovery mechanism and the passive one with social power as the discovery mechanism. The interview content is divided into three kinds, qualification violation, content anomia and obligation notification. The interview strategy is divided into independent interview, joint interview and concentrated interview. The result of the interview is general punishment and administrative punishment. The practice shows that the Internet administrative interview still has great room for optimization. On this basis, this paper constructs the operation mode of Internet administrative interview from the perspective of responsive supervision, including the diversification of interview participants. the "differentiation" of interview strategies, the two-way communication mechanism that attaches importance to interview, and the establishment of a progressive punishment tool system starting from interview, so as to improve the standardization and effectiveness of Internet administrative interview Compared with previous study, this paper expands in the following two aspects, first, it analyzes and summarizes the large sample interview cases in practice, and extracts the key dimensions of the Internet administrative interview system, Second, guided by the theory of responsive supervision, the paper constructs a responsive supervision model for the operation of Internet administrative interview, so as to realize the return from theory to practice. The research in this paper reveals the practice and overall characteristics of China's Internet administrative interview system to a certain extent, which is helpful for government departments to better implement administrative interview under the concept of "responsive supervision", and has important implications for promoting the standardized operation of Internet administrative interview and enhancing the vitality of Internet administrative interview system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary With the wave of digitalization, digital government has become an important means to enhance governance capabilities and improve governance effectiveness. In this context, local governments in China have begun to develop digital government initiatives. However, in practice, there has been an imbalance in the development of digital government across different regions. On one hand, the eastern region has seen rapid progress in digital government development: on the other hand, the central and western regions have experienced more setbacks than successes in their digital government initiatives. While existing literature has focused on the institutional design and typical cases of digital government, there is insufficient attention paid to how to build high-performance digital government. This study conducts fixed-effect quantitative analysis and crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis at the prefecture- level city government granularity. Specifically, relevant first-hand data is collected using Python web crawling. combined with data from the "China City Statistical Yearbook," statistical bureaus of prefecture-level cities, and the People's Daily Online leadership message board to construct a panel dataset of prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2019. The study adopts the measurement method of Quan Yizhang and Chen Yifan (2024) to calculate the degree of digital government development in 229 prefecture-level cities. It identifies eight factors influencing digital government development based on three dimensions: "resource allocation." "performance diffusion," and "catalytic promotion." The fixed-effect regression analysis examines the statistical significance of these eight factors and finds that all variables, except for the educational degree of the top leader, have a positive promoting effect on digital government development. Based on this, the study divides the cities by region and refines the top 1% cases to combine the conditional variables, analyzing the configuration paths for the eastern, central, and western regions. The analysis reveals that horizontal pressure is a necessary condition for achieving high-performance digital government in eastern cities. fiscal support is a necessary condition for central cities, and fiscal support. vertical pressure, and government attention are necessary conditions for western cities. Eastern cities have two paths: "externally promoted" and "internally driven." Central cities have two paths: "leadership-focused" and "environment-catalyzed." Western cities have a "collaborative construction" path. Compared with previous studies, the marginal contribution of this paper is as follows: first, this paper adopts Python crawler technology to obtain first-hand data, and combines multiple data sources to build panel data set of prefecture-level cities, which provides a more comprehensive and accurate data foundation for the study of digital government construction. Secondly, this paper adopts the method of fixed-effect measurement and crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis, which not only considers the statistical relationship between variables, but also pays attention to the differences between regions and the allocation path. This comprehensive analysis method makes the research results more comprehensive and in-depth, and provides quantitative and qualitative understanding of digital government construction. Finally, 229 prefecture-level cities are divided into regions, and the construction paths of digital government in eastern. central and western regions are analyzed respectively. Through qualitative comparative analysis. the paper reveals the necessary conditions and path selection of digital government construction in different regions, and provides targeted construction strategies and decision-making references for governments in different regions. The research in this paper reveals the internal logic of how to build a high-performance digital government to a certain extent, which is helpful for governments in different regions to choose the path to build a digital government according to local conditions under the condition of heterogeneous resource endowment, and implement precise policies to realize the construction of digital government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary With the rapid development of knowledge economy, the function of business incubators has been constantly updated and evolved, and business value creation mechanism has been different from the past. It needs to be further clarified whether the existing incubators have adjusted their value proposition or still maintain the original business operation mode. Research on existing incubators should avoid too much data description, and should actively explore and establish the consistency theory that leads to the differences in incubator development. In addition, the business model of business incubators has gradually undergone diversified evolution over time, and there are few systematic frameworks that can reflect the multi-level and dynamic evolution of the business model of business incubators, which is also the deficiency of existing studies. It is of theoretical significance to reveal the essential characteristics and explore the law of the evolution of business model of business incubators over time. Based on this, the study first adopts the grounded theory research method and NVivoll and other software, through the open coding, spindle coding, selective coding and theoretical saturation test, to get the basic framework of its business model, including three dimensions of value proposition, value production and value acquisition. After that. this study further uses the multi-case comparative research method to systematically analyze the above three dimensions of business model from the three levels of basic, intermediate and advanced respectively. The paper deeply explores the evolution direction and purpose of different dimensions of the business model, and finally constructs the multi-tiered theoretical framework. The research results of the paper mainly include the following four aspects. First, business incubators have long been not only a tangible arrangement for start-ups. but also an effective organization that "incorporates knowledge services into its value proposition". The development of many business incubators is led by the government, so their value and mission will drift, making it is particularly important to maintain strategic consistency. Second, business incubators mainly generate value through tangible services, intangible services and network services. This process mainly aims at the pursuit of learning effect and legitimacy. The learning effect is mostly reflected in the experiential learning and ability cultivation of tenants, while the network service will increase the knowledge accumulation degree of both parties and increase the legitimacy status of tenants in the market. Third, business incubators ultimately need to secure benefits through commissions, support service charges and the acquisition of added value, but sustained and stable cash flow and profitability must depend on a lower cost structure. Finally, there is an inherent feedback and evolution process in the business model of business incubators, which is ultimately reflected in the clarification of the value proposition of business incubators. Usually, the value proposition of business incubators in the early stage is vague, but as time goes by, business incubators will explore more efficient ways of value creation and constantly improve their own value proposition, so as to ensure the consistency of strategy. To sum up, the theoretical system of business model of business incubators is more hierarchical and systematic, which is consistent with the theory of incubation ecosystem system emphasized at this stage. The study reveals the essential characteristics of business model of business incubators, and explores the law of the evolution of business model of business incubators over time. The study is of great theoretical significance for strengthening the construction of the theoretical system of business incubators, and for clarifying the orientation and evolution direction and derivative logic of the business models of business incubators. At the same time, the study can provide a reference for the government departments to further improve the relevant policies to support the development of business incubators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary In recent years with the rapid development of digital technology, many countries around the world have devoted themselves to the wave of the discovery of central bank digital currencies (CBDC). China has abio seized the opportunity to research and develop E-CNY and actively carried out pilot work across the country, However, there are still some realistic problems such as the scale of the E-CNY pilot is not wide enough and users are not easy to develop the habit of using E-CNY. In this contest, it is meaningful to analyze the influencing factors and action paths of the acceptance and use of E-CNY from the perspective of comprehensive system characteristics for promoting the wide use of users and deepening the pilot work of E-CNY Based on UTAUT2 model, innovation diffusion theory and perceived risk theory, this paper constructs a research model of influencing factors for the acceptance and use of E-CNY, and obtains 1.976 data through questionnaire survey. First the structural equation (SEM) is used to verify the net effect of assumptions and variables measure performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, convenience conditions, individual innovation positive impact acceptance willingness perception of risk negative impact acceptance willingness convenience conditions habits, acceptance willingness to positively affect the use behavior, acceptance willingness plays a significant mediating role in the effects of performance expectation effort expectation social influence and perceived risk on use behavior. Then, the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method (IsQCA) is used to study the configuration paths that induce the high-frequency and low-frequency use behavior of E-CNY. The results show that the conditional external drive mode, experience focus mode, internal dominant mode, comprehensive action mode, personality impact mode and security tendency mode can realize the high-frequency use of E-CNY: environment missing mode and risk obstruction mode will lead to the low-frequency use of E-CNY. Compared with previous literature, this paper expands in the following three aspects, first, it adopts the method of SEM and BOCA to study the influencing factors and configuration Paths of the acceptance and use of E-CNY for the first time. Second, the influencing factors of acceptance willingness and me behavior of E-CNY as well as their mutual relationship are studied simultaneously. Third, the number of effective research data and cases reached 1976, which is a large sample in the analysis and research combined with SEM and fsQCA, having reference significance The research of this paper lays a theoretical foundation for currently accelerating the promotion and application of E CNY, and puts forward effective paths to promote the acceptance and use of E-CNY from the aspects of boosting the development of application scenarios and coological construction, enhancing user stickiness, cultivating citizens digital literacy, lifting user experience and utility, strengthening security and legislative supervision, and implementing publicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Duc to the outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic around the world in 2020 and the huge impact on the global supply chain, small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) are facing huge pressure to survive and the financing conditions for SMEs are is particularly difficult. Once the cashflow chain is broken. SMEs may face bankruptcy, thus endangering the survival of large and medium-sized firms, and may even lead to the collapse of the whole supply chain. In the long term. the financing constraints of SMEs have been a problem that has plagued many countries around the world, including developed countries, and have not been effectively solved. Supply chain finance is one of the effective methods to alleviate financing constraints for firms. However, traditional supply chain finance has many shortcomings, such as information asymmetry, transaction forgeries, difficult credit evaluation, low business efficiencies. and inconvenient regulation of collateral. This paper utilizes the excellent. characteristics of blockchain to empower traditional supply chain finance, which can effectively resolve the shortcomings of traditional supply chain finance and help alleviate the financing constraints of firms. The research results not only can provide a new way to effectively solve the financing constraints for SMEs, but also can make a positive contribution to the comprehensive development of the digital economy and society. Currently, most literatures mainly discuss the basic characteristics, development models, business optimizations, and evolutionary games of blockchain-based supply chain finance. This paper firstly indicates the reasons for choosing the consortium blockchain and illustrates the network constructions of the supply chain finance system based on consortium blockchain. And then we initially analyze the operating mechanism of the system through adopting PBFT algorithm to achieve consistent consensus. We finally show the application scenarios of accounts receivable financing in our system. The main results we found are as follows. Firstly, because of the outstanding performances of the consortium blockchain, such as partial decentralization. consensus trust, tamper-proof, traceability, smart contract, privacy and security, it is much more suitable for the consortium blockchain rather than a public blockchain or private blockchain to build up the supply chain finance system. Secondly, the existing literatures of blockchain-based supply chain finance are not abundant and there are very rare researches about its internal logicality and operating mechanisms. Through carrying out the processes of selecting the master node, packaging data. building new blocks and verifying messages, the PBFT algorithm can achieve consistent consensus among all the nodes, which is the essential key to the operating mechanism of the supply chain finance system based on consortium blockchain. Meanwhile, this paper optimize the "requests pool" in the consensus processes and propose the data structures of the consensus algorithm. We hope to provide the theoretical references for the R&D and applications of the blockchain-based supply chain finance system for banks and firms. Thirdly, from the three perspectives of business processes, data adding to blockchain and financing performances. this paper discusses how banks and firms utilize the blockchain-based supply chain system to implement the financing businesses of accounts receivable. Compared with the common trade finance and the traditional supply chain finance, our system could be able to significantly shorten corporate financing time, reduce corporate loan interest rate and expand corporate loan volume. Our research is not only conducive to solving the corporate financing difficulties. especially for small and medium-sized enterprises, but also provides theoretical foundations and practical guidance for firms and banks to exploit and develop the supply chain finance system based on consortium blockchain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Building a new development pattern is a strategic choice made in the light of China's own development stage and conditions, taking full account of economic globalization and changes in the external environment. It is an inevitable choice for China to rebuild its competitive advantage after entering a new development stage. In-depth exploration of the industrial policy system's evolution and main trends that adapt to the new development pattern is not only the need for actively responding to the actions of developed countries to suppress China with the stick of industrial policy. but also the need for promoting China's high-quality development. For more than 40 years since the reform and opening up, the main goal of industrial policy system has been to promote China's economic growth. The selective industrial policy committed to catching up with developed countries has promoted economic growth, but also caused great damage to the market environment of fair competition. Under the new development pattern, stimulating internal competition and strengthening external security have become the new main goals of industrial policy system. To build a new development pattern, industrial policy is still an indispensable tool for promoting domestic and international double circulation and promoting high-quality economic development due to great changes in internal and external environment and factors such as the development environment of the times and industrial policy objectives. However, the previous industrial policy objectives and pattern should be adjusted and upgraded. The narrow industrial policy which is represented by industrial structure policy and industrial development policy with selective characteristics, scientific and technological innovation policy and competition policy and some other polices together constitute the broad industrial policy system closely related to economic development, but the implications of above policies overlap. Based on the perspective of economic development stage, this paper clarifies the integration. coordination withdrawal and reconstruction of industrial policy, scientific and technological innovation policy and competition policy. And we clarify the evolution of the three types of policies in the four stages of economic development, and try to explore the basic role of various policies in the construction of new development pattern. The new development pattern that makes the national economy supply and demand to achieve a virtuous cycle is a dynamic process. It requires that industrial policy and competition policy, special science and technology innovation policy dedicated to overcome the"stuck neck" difficulties and conventional science and technology innovation policy are balanced and coordinated with each other. Based on the above analysis, this paper proposes that under the diversified policy goals of the new development pattern. the relationship between the three types of economic policies is not the opposite but the complementary and coordinated. And China's policy system should be structured as follows: competition policy should be the basis of all policies: industrial policy and competition policy coordinate with each other; selective industrial policy gradually gives way to functional industrial policy; science and technology policy pay more attention to the front of the innovation chain than the back and the new nationwide system keeps the selective character. Finally, this paper further puts forward some suggestions to improve the industrial policy system under the new development pattern. such as establishing anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies. establishing a multi-level policy coordination mechanism. improving the whole-process governance mechanism of industrial policy. The conclusion in this paper is of great significance for exploring what kind of industrial policy system is needed in the new development pattern and what is the evolution trend of China's industrial policy system in the future. It also provides institutional innovation impetus and important policy tools for China to build a new development pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to historical materialism, the economic base consists of the sum of the relations of production determined by the productive forces. Cultural construction, as a part of the superstructure, reflects and serves the economic base. The new quality of productive forces is the innovation of Marx's concept of productive forces, which still belongs to the category of productive forces in essence. The construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics mainly includes consolidating Marxist ideology, leading social values, cultivating innovative culture, developing cultural industry and many other aspects, and is part of the superstructure. The development of new quality productive forces and the construction of socialist culture are two key elements of the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. They are not separated from each other or irrelevant, but they are two important parts of mutual penetration, mutual influence and internal correlation. In-depth study of the logical relationship between socialist cultural construction and the development of new quality productive forces, analysis of the current difficulties in promoting new quality productive forces by cultural construction and based on this, put forward the relevant expansion path, is the internal requirements for further developing new quality productive forces, promoting high-quality development, and promoting Chinese-style modernization. First of all, this paper analyzes and summarizes the internal logic conjunction point of cultural construction to promote the new qualitative productivity from three aspects, mainly answers the"Why" of cultural construction to promote the new qualitative productivity, and what is the conjunction point of the two? Through research and analysis, it is pointed out that one of the conjunction point between the two is that cultural construction helps to anchor the value objective of the new qualitative productive forces, and the other conjunction point is that cultural construction helps to optimize the dynamic system of the new qualitative productivity, the third point of agreement is that cultural construction helps to develop new industrial patterns of qualitative productivity. Secondly, this paper insists on the problem-oriented, from the reality analysis of the cultural construction to the promotion of the new quality of productivity in the process of facing "What" difficult problems. Through research and analysis, it is found that the main difficulties currently existing are: the lack of cultural and technological integration restricts the conformal development of new quality productivity forces, the lack of cultural literacy of workers restricts the endogenous development of new quality productive forces, and the lack of respect for innovation restricts the exogenous development of new quality productive forces. In the end, this paper answers the difficult problems in promoting new qualitative productivity from the perspective of cultural construction, and explores three specific development paths. First, culture construction helps to cultivate "New talents" and stimulate the vitality of talents for the development of new quality productive forces. Second, cultural construction helps to conquer"New technology" and injects core energy for the development of new quality productive forces. Third, cultural construction helps to create"New industries"and provides a strong impetus for the development of new quality productive forces. At the new historical starting point, it is an important task of the times to promote the new quality productive forces through cultural construction, which is the realistic requirement to adapt to the new situation, responding to the new expectation and the new challenges. This research has deeply answered why cultural construction can promote new qualitative productivity, what are the problems faced and how to further promote new qualitative productivity through cultural construction. Besides, it provides a useful reference for the follow-up research on the new path of developing new qualitative productivity, which is of great theoretical significance and practical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the new wave of sciemific and technological revolution and industrial change, how to continuously introduce new technologies and advanced production factors to cultivate new quality productive forces. It is a major issue that must be answered in the process of China's modernization by promoting strategic emerging industries and developing and expunding the industries of the future by promoting the in-depth transformation of traditional industries and seizing the commanding heights of global industrial development, and by constructing a modernizal industrial system with global competitiveness. This paper found that the leap in productivity in the previous industrial revolutions has driven industrial change and the formation of industrial systems. In the context of the new scientific and technological revolution the new quality productive forces shows a new era of connotation and characteristics, and plays a crucial driving role in the modern industrial system. In the context of Chinese modernization China's modern industrial system includes industrial structare system, industrial organization system, industrial factor system, industrial function system and industrial support system. The new quality Productive forces continuously optimizes the industrial structure system industrial organization vystem, industrial factor system, industrial function system and industrial support system through the effect of technological empowermem organizational reshaping factor upgrading chain mending and chain strengthening, and the effect of building up a strong foundation, etc. and it constantly promotes the construction of integrity, advancement and safety of the modernized industrial system.. This paper imerprets the important connotation of new quality productive forces from the three keywords of "New". "Quality" and "Productivity" based on the theory that productivity includes both physical and permeable elements. This paper closely follows the frontier of science and technology, focuses on how to cultivate new quality prodactive forces to promote the construction of modern indatrial system in an all-round, multi-level. Compared with other literature, it has a unique resesarch perspective and value. In addition, this paper focuses on the main directions of "Inner", "Entity", "Digitalization", "Greening" and "Future", clarifies the construction of modern industrial system and its mechanism, and puts forward relevant countermeasure suggestions based on the current problems in the construction of a modern industrial system with integrity, advancement and safety in China, which alo provides ideas and ways for the development of the new quality productive forces The study on new quality productive forces in this paper provides technical direction, resource guidance and mechanism support for the construction of a future-oriented modern industrial system in China. New quality productive forces is a new growth point for the revitalization of the economy of all countries, and its formation process can breed more core technologies and high-quality talents promote synergistic innovation between industries and thus improve the international competitiveness of the industries of all countries. This is an inevitable requirement for high-quality economic development and a new mission for building a modern socialist country in all respects. The development of new productive forces is an inevitable requirement for high-quality economic development and a new mission for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andrographis paniculata is one of the most important “Southern Medicines” in China. It is used for clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and reducing swelling. Its main active ingredient andrographolide has functions in anti-cancer, anti-HIV, anti-inflammation and liver protection. Andrographolide is difficult to be synthesized artificially, mainly relying on extraction from cultivated plant materials. However, the quality of cultivated medicinal materials is affected by various factors such as soil, climate, water and fertilizer managements, and A. paniculata has a long growth cycle, occupying land resources. The technology of plant in vitro culture has significant advantages in rapid propagation of seedling and accumulation of active ingredients, which is one of the important ways to achieve production of active ingredients rapidly and efficiently in A. paniculata. The in vitro regeneration technology system of A. paniculata is becoming increasingly perfect, and the in vitro regeneration technology from explants to complete plants is becoming more and more mature, and it has been applied in seedling propagation and ploidy breeding. At the same time, during callus culture, cell suspension culture, adventitious root culture and hairy root culture of A. paniculata, the accumulation of andrographolide and other active ingredients in the culture could be greatly increased by optimizing the culture conditions and using appropriate inducers. This paper comprehensively and systematically reviewed the research advances on the in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata and production of andrographolide from the aspects of tissue, cell, adventitious root, and hairy root cultures. This paper aimed to provide reference for promoting the development and application of in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata, as well as for the study of in vitro production of andrographolide. It also put forward three aspects that need be focused on in future research on in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata and the production of andrographolides by this technology: (1)To mature and improve the tissues in vitro regeneration technology system of A. paniculata, and to establish a comprehensive and systematic evaluation system; (2)To further increase the yield of andrographolide and other important active ingredients by optimizing the culture conditions and its combination with efficient inducers; (3)To carry out researches in bioreactor culture of the production of andrographolide by cell suspension culture technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] The National Preprint Publishing Platform of China had been put into operation by the end of 2022. In order to ensure the quality of papers posted on the Platform and encourage a large number of researchers to submit articles to the Platform, it is necessary to introduce a paper quality assurance mechanism into the Platform. There are deficiencies in existing quality assurance mechanism for a preprint publishing platform. Self-organizing peer review has gradually attracted attention in recent years. In order to achieve the performance expected by the management agency of the National Preprint Publishing Platform, it is necessary to study the optimization design of key parameters of self-organizing peer review. [Method/Process] Design-expert software has been used for Box Behnken experimental design. The number of papers submitted by authors within a year, the distribution of review time, and the parameters of article review time are randomly set. The total number of papers is calculated according to the parameters of Lotka's law, and is not included in the Box-Behnken experimental sampling. We selected four key parameters of rest time, rejection rate, number of researchers, and review qualification ratio as independent variables, took three levels for each variable, and used -1, 0, +1 for coding, representing three levels of low, medium, and high, respectively. The three dependent variables for self-organizing peer review performance evaluation are the completion rate of paper review (CR), the balance of reviewer task allocation (TBD), and the average review time of the paper (A_r_time). A Box-Behnken experiment table was designed separately for each Lotka's law parameter, three repeated experiments were conducted on each key parameter combination in the table, and the summary() function and mean() function in R language were used to calculate the average performance indicators of each key parameter combination. Then, the response surface analysis was carried out on the Box-Behnken sampling data, and the quantitative relationship expression between the dependent variable of performance evaluation and the independent variable of key parameters was obtained. [Results/Conclusions] The ratio of review qualifications and reviewer rest time have greater impact on the performance of self-organized peer review, especially the ratio of review qualifications is much more important than other three key parameters. By combining different values of key parameter independent variables, the National Preprint Publishing Platform can achieve the expected self-organized peer review performance, ensuring the average quality of papers published by the Platform. In addition, because of our limited knowledge of computational resources, there is still room for improvement in simulation accuracy. If equipped with more powerful computational resources, more precise simulation calculation can be carried out based on the methods and parameters proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-imaging syndrome dominated by reversible neurological damage and specific imaging manifestations, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a clinically rare disease. This paper described a case of an elderly male patient with PNH who had long-term chronic hemolytic anemia. After irregularly taking low-dose immunosuppressants and short-term intermittent infusion of 10 U of washed erythrocytes, he developed a PRES with headache, seizures, mental behavioural abnormalities, abnormally high blood pressure, and trace subarachnoid hemorrhage. It should be differentiated from diseases such as cerebral venous and venous sinus thrombosis and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. The aim of this paper is to improve the clinicians’ ability to prevent and identify this type of patients at an early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Ziti xiaozhi 紫隄小志 and Ziticun xiaozhi 紫隄村小志, compiled by Wang Yong’an 汪永安 in the early Qing Dynasty. Through the analysis of the genesis context and content changes of these local gazetteers, this paper shows how local social conditions and changes in the political environment affected the content of local gazetteers. In particular, I first demonstrate that Wang Yong’an’s inclusion of a large number of good deeds of the Hou 侯 family of Shanggu 上谷 and the Wang 汪 family of Pingyang 平陽 in his gazetteers had two purposes. On one hand, it was an attempt to influence compilers of official gazetteers to include members of their own clans. On the other hand, it reflected his belief that narratives of loyalty and righteousness could change the declining moral standards of Ziti villagers. Second, this paper also points out that in Ziticun xiaozhi, Wang Yong’an deleted sensitive content that expressed nostalgia for the Ming Dynasty and that affirmed the legitimacy of the Southern Ming regime. This reflects the latent self-censorship that emerged among literati during the Yongzheng 雍 正 period and illustrates the profound impact of political changes on how local elites wrote township gazetteers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The network topology is marked with the device type, which is difficult to reflect the service relationship between the device nodes. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a network service node division algorithm based on service mapping. The algorithm judges the ownership of the service community through the service mapping relationship between network nodes, and finds the key nodes of network services and the subordinate relationship between nodes. This paper introduces virtual community based on traditional membership matrix. The network service community membership influence degree algorithm not only give the community membership degree of nodes, but also reflect the global influence degree of nodes, providing a basis for the selection of key network nodes in network security. In the experiment based on LFR network, this paper compares the algorithm sensitivity and performance with similar algorithms, and validates the effectiveness of algorithm partitioning in the Internet2 OS3E simulation experiment by simulating denial of service attacks. The comparative experimental results show that the service mapping algorithm has the characteristics of low sensitivity and high practicability in threshold selection, and its performance is better than that of similar algorithms. The simulation results show that the service community partition is effective and can give the correlation between node services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intending goal of modeling and simulation is to create a unified Live-Virtual-Constructive (LVC) integration architecture, support rapid integration model and carry out simulation for joint flight training, tactical coordination, operational planning and evaluation. By exploring the connotation and application field of LVC, this paper analyzes the development plan of LVC training network, combs three typical application examples of LVC system, which are distributed mission combat, joint simulation environment and US Navy simulation training. Using the experience of LVC to solve the joint training, this paper gives the enlightenment of accelerating the construction of the joint training of our army, and provides valuable reference for the construction of our army's joint training environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The determination of molar mass by the freezing-point depression method is one of the classical experiments in physical chemistry. Given the existing materials and literature of physical chemistry on some content in regard to freezing point determination is not detailed enough, such as the cause of the undercooling phenomenon is short of a comprehensive, in-depth explanation; the determination of the approximate freezing point of pure solvent needs to observe ‘when there is solid precipitation’, where does the precipitation of solid appear firstly in the glass tube? What is the morphology of the precipitated solid? The existence of these problems will cause students trouble when operating experiments. Aiming at the above problems, the whole process of solvent solidification was filmed through experimental innovation in this paper, the specific position and morphology of solid precipitation were analyzed, and it can be concluded that it was appropriate for students to observe the solid to precipitate flocculent preferentially from the glass tube bottom during experimental operation. Through the freezing-point depression method, the details of solvent solid precipitation were observed, the molecular weight of the solute was calculated and analyzed, and reliable experimental results were obtained. In this paper, the operation details of the freezing-point depression method are deeply studied and discussed, which can effectively avoid or eliminate the problems in the experimental operation and greatly improve the experimental effect on students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catastrophe insurance is an important financial tool to mitigate the risk of catastrophes. After the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China accelerated its exploration of a catastrophe insurance system. As one of the most natural disaster-prone provinces in China, Guangdong experiences frequent rainstorms and typhoons. Severe natural disasters have not only led to significant losses to economic development and people's lives, but have placed considerable financial pressure on governments at all levels. To promote the transformation of government functions and use of catastrophe insurance as a modern financial tool to cope with major natural disasters, Guangdong has conducted pilot work since 2016 to explore and experiment with different aspects of catastrophe index insurance. This includes the design and application of insurance systems and products. The pilot work achieved remarkable results and formed the Guangdong catastrophe index insurance paradigm. However, few studies have examined the development and application of catastrophe index insurance programs in Guangdong Province. This paper describes the research and design process, data, and key methods of typhoon catastrophe index insurance in Guangdong, in accordance with the specific catastrophe index insurance practices. Furthermore, the application of the current catastrophe index insurance program from 2016 to 2023 is reviewed. Additionally, the advantages, characteristics, and shortcomings of the program are systematically analyzed, and potential directions for improvement in the future are discussed. Several notable conclusions were drawn from this study. First, the typhoon catastrophe index insurance, which is based on the circular catastrophe box and uses typhoon intensity levels as a stratification criterion for the payout structure, offers a straightforward methodology, easy recalculations, readily accessible data, and transparent results. Second, this form of insurance facilitates rapid claim settlements, incurs low operational costs, and effectively mitigates moral hazard. Third, the existing typhoon catastrophe index insurance program may encounter high basis risk and underestimate the severity of typhoon hazards, particularly in the context of climate change and the situation wherein a single typhoon impacts multiple municipalities. Finally, improvements to the current typhoon catastrophe index insurance program in Guangdong could be achieved by more deeply and comprehensively analyzing the spatial and temporal patterns of typhoon events, incorporating additional parameters with clear physical meanings, and refining the probability distributions of typhoon disaster events. The insights outlined in this paper may potentially enhance understanding among scholars and practitioners of typhoon catastrophe index insurance programs and provide guidance for extending catastrophe insurance in other typhoon-prone areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens are widely used in the research of avian diseases and vaccines. Vertically transmissible diseases are transmitted to chickens through vertical transmission, seriously affecting their survival rate, increasing production costs, and causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry, while severely impacting the breeding and use of SPF chickens. Therefore, it is crucial for researchers and managers to enhance their understanding of vertically transmissible pathogens in chickens and to develop effective monitoring measures. Quality monitoring is an important part of ensuring the quality of SPF chickens, with pathogen detection being the primary step. Based on this, it is necessary to cultivate qualified SPF chickens through purification methods and biosecurity measures. This paper reviews the major vertically transmissible pathogens in chickens, including viral pathogens, bacterial pathogens and mycoplasmas, as well as their detection methods. This study compares the differences in microbiological testing items and methods for SPF chickens between the U.S. corporate standard and the Chinese national standard. Analysis of the results shows that in both standards, vertically transmissible pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, and avian leukosis are not included in the microbiological testing items for SPF chickens. Instead, these pathogens are characterized by mixed infections, and outbreaks can seriously affect flock health. To produce higher-quality SPF chickens, it is necessary to include these pathogens in the mandatory testing items. The aim of this paper is to help readers understand the relevant standards for microbiological monitoring of SPF chickens, the hazards of vertically transmissible pathogens, and prevention and control strategies, so as to provide a reference for the detection and purification of pathogens in SPF chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergency management of biosafety for laboratory animals in Hunan Province is an essential component of the province’s implementation of the national biosafety strategy. To strengthen the prevention and control of biosafety risks in laboratory animals and to ensure a quick and effective response to laboratory animal biosafety emergencies, Hunan Province has formulated the "Emergency Response Plan for Laboratory Animal Biosafety Emergencies in Hunan Province". This plan aims to minimize damages caused to practitioners, public health, and laboratory animal industry, protect lives and property, and safeguard public safety and social stability. This paper analyzes the necessity, guiding ideology, principles, and basis for formulating the plan. It details the main contents of the plan, which includes scope of application, incident classification, organizational structure and responsibilities, monitoring and early warning mechanisms, emergency reporting and response, post-incident assessment, and safeguard measures. Moreover, this paper provides a summary and outlook on the emergency management of biosafety laboratory animals in Hunan Province in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building a high-quality big data resource platform for the government is an important basic project to realize the integration of government information across departments, regions and levels, accelerate the construction of digital government and improve the digital intelligence level of public services and social governance. Firstly, this paper reviews the development of China's E-government and summarizes the three construction mode and main problems of traditional big data platforms, i.e., low data freshness, poor data consistency, difficult business collaborative management, weak basic support and high overall investment. Secondly, this paper conducts a case study on the credit information resource management platform in Jiangsu and explains the reasons for using Jiangsu case as an example. This paper proposes corresponding solutions and overall architecture design for the problems existing in traditional construction models as well as four reference value of Jiangsu case. Finally, based on summarizing the research and practical experience in Jiangsu, five suggestions are summarized to provide a reference for various provinces to study and formulate policy documents, such as provincial government big data platform construction guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data classification and grading is the foundation for ensuring the safe circulation of data and promoting the release of data value. This paper focuses on the key task of government data classification and grading in digital reform. Using a theoretical case study method and based on publicly released plans by various provincial governments and ministries, the implementation of government data classification and grading in China is systematically sorted and quantitatively analyzed. This paper summarizes four key processes and five characteristics of the implementation of government data classification and classification in China. Based on the special complexity of the classification and grading of government data, this paper puts forward four problems corresponding solutions in the implementation of the classification and grading of government data in China, such as unclear overall target positioning, different classification and grading objects, separated classification and grading relations, and different security grading standards. Based on the practice of classification and grading government data of a national ministry, this paper verifies the scientificity and effectiveness of the solutions, and provides a reference for constructing a unified national government data classification and grading system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News recommendation system plays an important role in news dissemination of new media. This paper proposed a recommendation system based on deep reinforcement learning, which aimed to combine the representation ability of neural network and the strategy selection ability of reinforcement learning to improve the effect of news recommendation. This paper used dynamic action masks to enhance the ability of judging the short-term interests of users, used the optimization cache mechanism to improve the efficiency of experience cache use, and accelerated model training through the reward design of regional masking nature to improve the performance of the recommendation system in the field of news recommendation. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed model in news data sets is comparable to the current mainstream neural network recommendation methods, and its ranking performance is better than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]