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Objective To investigate the effect of clomiphene citrate （CC） on endometrial estradiol receptor （ESR） expression of Sprague-Dawley female rats. Methods 42 female rats， 200-250g， as the experimental group were intragastric administrated with CC （1 mg/Kg） and the 30 rats in control group were treated with the same count of physiological saline. Both of the two groups were treated for 6 days. All the endometrial slices were stained with hematoxylin and eosin， and the endometrial thickness was measured based on histology every day after CC administration. Then ESR of both groups was detected by Western Blotting. Results The endometrial thickness was significantly declined for D5-D6 days after CC treatment （ ＜0.05） . The ESR expression level was also significantly declined in CC group when compared with control group （ ＜0.05） . Conclusion The endometrial thickness and ESR expression level were both significantly declined after CC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]