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This paper takes A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen between 2014 and 2018 as the research object, and empirically tests the relationship between information technology investment and the effectiveness of internal control and the moderating effect of institutional investors’ shareholding on the two. The study finds that information technology investment can significantly improve the effectiveness of internal control, and the increase in the shareholding ratio of institutional investors will enhance the positive effect of information technology investment on the effectiveness of internal control. However, further research by industry finds that: for labor-intensive enterprises, neither the impact of information technology investment on the effectiveness of internal control nor the moderating effect of institutional investors ’shareholding on the two are significant; while information technology investment of capital-intensive enterprises and technology-intensive enterprises has positive improvement effect on the effectiveness of internal control, and institutional investors ’shareholding will enhance the improvement effect of information technology investment on the effectiveness of internal control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]