Search

Recently, the study of poverty in the Arab countries has gained high importance due to the rise of poverty levels in some countries and the high risks of falling in it in others. This study analyzes the state of poverty in the Arab countries, investigates its development trends, identifies its causes and then relates it to inequality in income distribution. Also, the study examines the dynamics of poverty in the Arab countries and tests the relationship between it and economic growth using econometric modeling in order to assess the economic growth mechanism's ability to reduce the number of poor and reduce their poverty disparities. Besides modeling the factors affecting economic growth in the middle- and low-income Arab countries. The study differs from previous studies in using different scientific and statistical methodologies. It employs a different econometric model specification by including some variables such as good governance and institution since its importance in explaining the causes of poverty. Moreover, the study uses recent database on poverty and modern definitions for poor people based on the new global poverty lines (1.9$, 3.2$, 5.5$ per day) not used in the previous studies (1$, 1.25$ per day). The results of the analysis of poverty dynamics in Arab countries indicate that the number of poor people decreased annually by (0.58%) during the period 1981-2013. This rate will possibility allow most of the Arab countries to exit poverty at the global poverty line of $ 1.9 per day within a period of 10 years provided that their percapita income grows at a rate of 4% per annum, except Sudan, Yemen, Comoros, and Mauritania. Also, the study finds that increasing economic growth rates leads to reduction in the number of poor people and decline in poverty gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty constitutes one of the main problems in many countries of the world as it is one of the obstacles to development. In recent years, the Arab countries have suffered from a state of political, economic and security crises that have led to low levels of development as a reflection of low and deteriorating incomes, which led to an increase in poverty rates in many countries. Like many countries, Egypt relies on foreign investment to finance its various development programs, where successful development policies depend on the volume of planned investments and the efficiency of the distribution and use of these investments in various fields. Despite the importance of investment, the volume of investment in Egypt remains modest compared to economically developed countries, with international reports indicating that Egypt accounts for about 9 billion dollars of the total inflows of Arab countries estimated at 41 billion dollars in 2019. However, the impact of the influx on the Foreign Investment of Egypt has not clearly reflected on the rate of economic growth, nor has it shown its positive effects on the level of poverty in society. This leads us to question the efficiency of exploiting foreign direct investment in reducing poverty in Egypt compared to some Arab countries, especially with few studies on the relationship between investment and poverty reduction. Hence, the research aims to measure the efficiency of foreign direct investment in Egypt and its impact on reducing poverty rates in Egypt compared to some Arab countries, especially with the small number of studies that dealt with the relationship between investment and poverty reduction. By applying the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results showed that the UAE achieved zero poor people in 2019, while the percentage of poor in Egypt was 29.7, compared to 12.7 in Saudi Arabia, and 17.1% in Morocco. While the percentage exceeded more than 40% in Jordan, Palestine, Sudan, Mauritania, Somalia and Comoros. It is a percentage that indicates the concentration of poverty in the Arab countries, despite their capabilities and material and human resources. The results of the DEA showed that Algeria is the country in which the flow of foreign direct investment is most compatible with poverty rates, as it suffers from a decrease in the per capita share of foreign investment to about 28 $ / per capita and a rise in the poverty rate by 28%, while the rest of the countries, especially Egypt, Which attracts greater proportions of the flow of foreign investment to the Arab region, has achieved low efficiency rates, as Egypt, which is the second country in the acquisition of foreign investment in 2019, achieved an efficiency rate of about 37% compared to Morocco, which acquires about 4% of direct foreign investment in the Arab region, with an average of An individual's share was estimated at 45 $/ per capita, with an efficiency rate of 43%. Which shows that these countries achieve better economic performance in the exploitation of foreign investments directed to them, which indicates the existence of a real problem in the Egyptian investment policies in terms of the ability to exploit the foreign direct investment acquired by them to increase the rate of economic growth and thus alleviate poverty in society. Hence, the research recommends the need for optimal exploitation of foreign investment flows through the establishment of productive and development projects because of the investment's ability to reduce poverty rates, benefiting from Arab experiences in the efficient exploitation of investments, and the need for coordination between investment policies and labor market policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to know the prophetic methods that limit unemployment among young people. It follows the descriptive analytic method. This study has many outcomes. One of these outcomes is that the unemployment among young people problem is considered a major factor in the social crisis. It is the most dangerous crisis itself. Unemployment is the main problem for young people; it has many bad effects on young people's psychological and physical health. It does not only affect them; it affects the whole society. It can also affect their countries by causing economic depression, social problems, and political crisis. Therefore, all the countries, from all different backgrounds and cultures, are trying to solve this problem. They have tried all the possible methods to solve the problem of unemployment. The western countries' methods are based on financial bases but they did not find a radical solution. They have also adopted quick automatic solutions; like reducing taxes, encouraging export, making public companies go private, and asking people not to have many children. The prophetic method has solved this problem according to individuals or to groups. It has been realistic and positive while addressing the problem. It avoided giving false speeches and blaming others because this will only make the problem worse. It focused on the young people's belief and on their psychological health to fix them from inside and to encourage them to be productive. The prophetic method also focused on work. It considers it an honor no matter what kind of work it is, as long as it is not forbidden. It encourages the young people to worship Allah and to do all what He asks them to do, like giving money to the poor which will help these poor people and might reduce unemployment. The prophetic method encourages people to do charity or giving loans to people without any profits. It fought the negative things that make the problem worse, like begging for money. It also forbids taking interests and monopoly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main motives for the Algerian government’s adoption of the policy to support oil derivatives were social motives that fall within the responsibilities that the state must undertake to achieve social stability. Governmental support for oil derivatives is in the interest of the wealthiest individuals; This is due to the high consumption of these derivatives. Lifting subsidies on oil derivatives will reduce costs, but it will not improve the standard of living of the poor, and if no corrective measures are taken for these policies, this will lead to a decline in the living standards of the poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important cause of death worldwide. The main reason for the increasing global burden of TB are severe poverty and class distinctions between rich and poor population groups in various communities. This study was performed to determine the relationship between socio-economic factors and TB using negative binomial and Poisson regression models. Method: This descriptive - analytic study was conducted on 11320 TB affected patients in Iran during 2010. Data was gathered from the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The relationship between the numbers of cases with socio-economic indicators was determined using negative binomial and Poisson models. Fitting models were compared using AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) and BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion). Results: The Poisson regression model showed a significant relationship between the TB mortality rate and socio-economic factors (P<0.05). Negative binomial regression model showed a significant relationship between TB and unemployment, illiterate, immigration and urban residency (P<0.05). Negative binomial regression model showed no relationship between TB and family size, physicians' ratio to the number of population centers and annual average income. Conclusion: There is a significant impact of socio-economic factors with the number of TB cases. Negative binomial regression model is suitable for accountable data in comparision with Poisson regression model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]