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Ecological protection and high quality development of the Yellow River basin have become a major national strategy，but there are still some outstanding difficulties and issues in the current stage which need to be considered and gradually promoted from a strategic perspec¬tive. This paper systematically analyzed the outstanding difficulties and issues in the current development and utilization of water resources， sediment deposition control，flood control and disaster reduction，ecological environment protection and economic and social development in the Yellow River basin. Combining with the major national strategic requirements of ecological protection and high quality development in the Yellow River basin，according to the general idea of “combining points，lines and areas” and “five water resources with one treatment”，it put forward the key points to supplement the weak links of flood control and water & sand regulation，strengthen the protection of main and branch water environment and water ecosystem，implement comprehensive management of mountains，rivers，forests，fields，lakes and gras¬ses in the basin，for^n the overall layout and strategic pattern of protecting water resources，restoring water ecology，improving water environ¬ment， controlling water disasters，strengthening water supervision，and formulate the system and mechanism framework of basin coordination management，for maintaining the ecological health of the Yellow River and supporting the high quality development of the Yellow River basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]