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This paper analyzes the effects of trade with China on the productive structures of Latin American economies. For this, a structural decomposition analysis is carried out based on the input-output matrices of the Asian Development Bank for the period 2007-2017. The document shows that the effects of import substitution (negative) and exports (positive) on the change in gross production reflect the growing importance that China has acquired in recent decades as a source of imports and as a destination of exports of various sectors for Latin America. Results are included for Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first analyzes the performance of Latin America during the long economic cycle that took place between 1998 and 2014, which combined the regional effects of the Asian crisis with a growth phase driven by a supercycle of commodity prices. However, the expansionary phase was followed by a five-year period of economic stagnation, during which previous achievements were weakened, even before the covid-19 crisis erupted, with its negative consequences. This confirms the persistence of the region's economic vulnerability to external shocks, as well as the difficulties in maintaining sustained growth rates associated with processes of structural change, which make it possible to reduce the gap in the development levels vis-à-vis the leading countries and face the challenges of environmental sustainability. It is also pointed out that, despite the important achievements in terms of social development during the recent growth cycle, the high structural inequalities that characterize the region were not broken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows that the evolution of the level of Mexico real and real per capita output between 1895 and 2008 can be adequately described through a trend stationary model, affected by 4 structural breaks, which ocurred at dates that seem to coincide with domestic institutional arrangements, wars, and financial and economic crises. These changes are modeled through logistic smooth transition functions, in which transition periods are endogenously estimated. In terms of growth rates, our results indicate that for Mexico real and real per capita GDP, there are four stationary growth paths, separated by three transition periods. For instance, for real GDP we identify the following stationary growth paths: 1895-1924, 1935- 1952, 1956-1978, and 1989-2008, separated by three transition periods: 1925-1934, 1953-1955, and 1979-1988. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Input-Output model assumes that as economic systems develops, the technical coefficient matrix changes following either of two tendencies; one, the entries of the matrix shrink due to increased efficiency on the production lines; two, they expand, while productivity gains concentrate in the use of factors (nonproduced inputs). Further, the economic structure grows more complex as industries become more tightly (vertically) integrated and the development process evolves. Both phenomena have seldom been analysed together despite the apparent connections those may have with the evolution of economic structures and the development opportunities countries may face. This paper intend to examine the implications of these tendencies on the evolution of the economic systems in regards to the dynamics the growth process may adopt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]