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Introduction: Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are the two most prevalent sleep disorders, and frequently co-occur (COMISA) in sleep clinic samples. However, few studies have investigated the prevalence or associations of COMISA in the general population.Methods: We used population-based online survey data from 2044 Australian adults. The prevalence and associations of insomnia, OSA and COMISA were investigated according to symptom-level, and disorder-level definitions. Insomnia was defined according to chronic difficulties initiating and/or maintaining sleep (DIMS; symptom-level), and ICSD-3 chronic insomnia disorder (disorder-level). OSA was defined according to self-reported frequent obstructive events, snoring or doctor-diagnosed OSA (symptom-level), and doctor-diagnosed OSA (disorder-level). COMISA was defined if both conditions were met (for symptom-level, and disorder-level threshold). Associations with other conditions, and general health were investigated with Poisson regression analyses.Results: Chronic insomnia occurred more frequently among participants with doctor-diagnosed OSA (22.3%), compared to those without (14.3%, p = 0.010). Doctor-diagnosed OSA was more common among participants with chronic insomnia (10.2%) compared to those without (6.2%; p = 0.010). DIMS also occurred more frequently among participants with OSA symptoms (66.6%), compared to those without (47.2%; p < 0.001). Participants with symptom-level COMISA reported increased co-morbid conditions, and worse general health compared to participants with symptoms of insomnia-alone, OSA-alone, or neither insomnia/OSA.Conclusions: COMISA at symptom and disorder level were common and associated with increased medical and psychiatric co-morbidity, as well as poor general health. More investigation is required to understand bi-directional associations underpinning the high co-morbidity, and improve diagnostic and treatment approaches for COMISA to reduce associated morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social jetlag is a term used to describe misalignment between biological and social time. Measured as the difference in sleep midpoints between work and free days, social jetlag has been associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours and adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of social jetlag, and its sociodemographic and behavioural correlates in 837 respondents who completed the Sleep Health Foundation Australia 2016 online survey. Binomial logistic regression models determined associations between social jetlag and self-reported lifestyle and work outcomes, excluding night, evening or rotating shift workers. One third (31.1%) of respondents experienced >1h of social jetlag. In analyses adjusted for sociodemographic variables associated with social jetlag (age, marital status, work status and metropolitan living plus the significant interaction term for age by metro living), social jetlag was associated with longer sleep duration on free days (OR = 2.8, CI = 1.9-4.1), evening preference (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.4-2.4), often staying up later than planned on work days (OR 1.9, CI = 1.3-2.9), and having a computer (OR = 1.7, CI = 1.2-2.4) or phone (OR = 1.6, CI = 1.1-2.4) in the bedroom and internet use in the hour before bed (OR = 1.7, CI 1.2-2.5). Almost twice as many working respondents with social jetlag reported going to work when they should have taken sick leave due to their state of health (OR = 1.9, CI = 1.3-3.0). In conclusion, social jetlag is prevalent in the Australian community and associated with bedtime technology use. Work attendance when in poor health is cause for concern in Australian day workers and requires further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]