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In the context of globalization, rural tourism offers diversity in close connection with regional specificity. In this sense, there is an increase in the tourist offer oriented towards the traditional, towards the authentic. The entrepreneurial attempts to reflect the local authentic in the field of tourism are not well defined, often the specific traditional elements are not respected, creating an inappropriate mixture of architectural, gastronomic and cultural styles. Thus, the need to define the concept of authenticity in rural tourism based on vernacular culture is noted and this is the main aim of this paper. Also, theoretical items such as rural space, rural tourism, vernacular, and authenticity are defined and systematized, and essential parameters like elements, principles and methods for substantiating authentic rural tourism are synthesized. These ideas are critically analyzed, and discussed, based on representative documentation from Romanian and foreign literature to which the authors added their modest contribution. Authentic rural tourism offers interesting experiences precisely through originality, local specificity, diversity, in a cultural and geographical framework that completes the knowledge and offers the tourist a truly authentic experience. In this way, an increase in tourist interest is achieved and the foundations are laid for sustainable, representative economic activities at the rural level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of rural space is a basic concern of today's society dominated by the trend of modernization and the need to preserve identity. The current context highlights numerous elements favorable to the development of the rural space, but also elements that inhibit this process. Favorability for the development of the rural area is given by the availability of endogenous resources, and the elements that slow down the development process are generally related to the inability of the local responsibility factors to implement policies, programs and strategies adapted to the territorial specificity that lead to the development of agriculture as a basic activity but and to a diversification of economic activities and implicitly to the development of the rural economy. The paper briefly presents a model of strategic evaluation of the rural space that highlights the territorial specificity and allows the elaboration of sustainable development options adapted to it. From the secondary analysis of the statistical data and the relevant specialized literature and through the application of the PESTEL and SWOT strategic analysis models, sufficient specificity elements were identified that led to the development of relevant strategic options for sustainable rural development in Vâlcea county. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the effect of inflation, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, and average salary on unemployment in Lithuania for the period from 2001 to 2021. First, the theoretical analysis is performed to review the links between inflation, GDP growth, average salary, and unemployment. Considering that the theoretical analysis reveals the effect of three macroeconomic factors, i.e., inflation, GDP growth, and average salary, on unemployment, the methodology of the research is described. It relies on the multiple regression model and its estimation using ordinary least squares (OLS). Econometric analysis reveals that only one out of three macroeconomic factors, i.e., GDP growth, has a statistically significant effect on unemployment and this effect is negative (based on the sign of the regression coefficient). In addition, to address the autocorrelation problem in the regression model, a lagged unemployment variable is included to the model, and it shows a statistically significant positive (based on the sign of the regression coefficient) effect on unemployment. The future study could only cover the agricultural sector since this sector is important for Lithuania and the macroeconomic indicators of this sector are unique compared to other economic activities or general indicators of Lithuania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this publication is to offer an analysis of the possibilities for diversification of the local economy by exploring the attitudes of stakeholders towards the localization of alternative tourism within the territorial scope. The study is based on the following methods and information sources: analysis and summary of literature, graphical and schematic representation of characteristics and trends, comparative analysis, questionnaire survey. Main results - The regional specificities in the individual territories of Bulgaria have been established. Possibilities for stimulating types of tourism specific to individual regions, have been identified. The potential of individual territories for diversifying economic activities have been revealed. In conclusion, it can be said that the development of various initiatives related to alternative tourism is essential for the local economy. Also in view of the general development of other sectors and diverse activities in the municipalities, in order to offer a quality service, respectively to achieve positive effects on local economic development, it is necessary to take into account all aspects of the interrelationships of the various forms of alternative tourism with a number of socio-economic activities at the local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rural area is of particular importance from a socio-economic point of view, whose economic activities are closely linked to the specific nature of the area. Rural localities are at different stages of development, depending on their specific characteristics. The aim of this paper is to identify the demographic effects of the poor economic development of rural localities, with particular emphasis on those in the South-Muntenia development region, which is known for its predominantly agricultural economic activities. In order to carry out the work, the main demographic indicators were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed and the main location and dispersion indicators were determined. The social outlook is not at all positive, both at national level and especially in rural areas. The population tends to decrease, influenced by the existing lifestyle, to which various factors contribute, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, but also the military conflicts in the area, which generate concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aim to analyze and compare the socio-economic development potential of 17 territorial administrative units from the rural area of Hunedoara County, which have in their composition some of the most depopulated villages in the county. The commune's socio-economic status is analyzed from the perspective of five main indicators: endogenous potential, physical-geographical characteristics, economic activities, public infrastructure and human capital. From the interpretation and comparison of these indicators it results that at the level of the rural areas from Hunedoara County there are big differences between the territorial administrative units, especially in the case of the indicators of public infrastructure and economic activities. As expected, in the resulting hierarchy it can be seen that, the communes that are located at a considerable distance from the county's main urban centers and which are not crossed by main transit roads, have a low potential for socio-economic development. Even if some communes have a low score of this indicator, this does not mean that those communities have no chance of recovery. Public policies must be adapted to encourage the development of these communities through the implementation of the National Rural Development Program 20014-2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rural development in Bulgaria is an important issue for decent live in the country. Direct and indirect impact on rural Bulgaria is observed from the implementation of different policies. The main aim of the study is to trace the changes in some of the main economic activities which are contributing to the development of the municipalities. The following approach will be used to achieve this goal: 1) Literature review of relevant theories concerning economics of rural development. On this stage factors concerning the rural economy growth will be explained; 2) According to the findings on theoretical level will be performed analysis in dynamics of indicators related to municipality development. As well we will analyze the change in the enterprises' number and sectors where they operate in order to outline the perspectives and importance for rural areas of each sector. For reaching this purpose will be prepared an analyses of the investment of the enterprises in Tangible fixed assets. Bulgaria as a member of EU is a receiver of RDP funding which as well reflect on business development in rural areas. Some relationships between RDP and economical sectors in rural Bulgaria are outlined in the paper. 3) According to the results of the analysis general conclusions will be outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural areas are taking an important and significant share of the EU. Bulgaria is not an exception and it is important to periodically review and analyze Rural areas' progress on certain parameters, such as GDP per capita, foreign direct investments, tangible fixed assets acquisition costs, coefficient of economic activity, etc. The main goal of this article is to review the progress for a period of 5 years in the typically Rural areas in Bulgaria according to classification NUTS 3 and draw possible future goals for better regional and rural development. The research is based on the official national statistics in Bulgaria and Eurostat. After processing the data, main results are showing higher statistical values in some of the analysed parameters, like GDP and average output of nonfinancial enterprises. We can conclude that even these results are better in last few years, there is need of more stable tendency, so we can consider the typical rural areas as fast developing regions in Bulgaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper makes an inventory of the rural non-agricultural activities, which can be classified into two categories depending on the time allocated to the respective activities: independent ones, those that are practiced in exclusivity, using the entire working time, and the complementary ones, those that are carried out to complete the available working time, by those involved in agriculture. To increase the relevance of the analysis, the paper attempts to quantify the most important methods for increasing the rural business environment competitiveness on the basis of documentation, analysis and processing of statistical data. In general, no rural development program can be conceived in the absence of the essential role played by agriculture, but the rural economy is more developed and more dynamic if it has a more diverse structure, with a higher share of non-agricultural economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the concept of efficient economic growth, it is important that the sustainable development strategy in Romania take into account the constantly changing economic and social factors, both at national and international level. Unfortunately, taking into consideration the Danube region in Romania, we find several obstacles like the low level of the growth regarding the infrastructure in the area, the psycho-social characteristics of the population, the professional training degree, the crisis economic, superficiality in the work done by certain local public administrations. Of course, the factors enumerated above influence among other economic activities and the tourism activity in the area of interest. Being one of the important sources of income for the Danube population in Romania, both traditional and industrial tourism affect the labor market, with phenomena such as population migration or high unemployment rate. This paper present the current trend in tourism and labor market in counties such as Braila, Constanta, Tulcea, Galati, Ialomiţa, using the online statistical databases. We will also analyze, using different statistical indicators, the degree of impact and the correlations existing between the economic tourism activity and the characteristics of the labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Household are in a manner of speaking small motors for a national economy and for the consumption in particular. In most cases, the way a household is managed and its basic characteristics can reflect the economic processes that occur in a specific moment in the financial and economic context and are a great measurement unit for the real standard of living within a country. In this paper we will present the main characteristics of the household in Romania between 2010-2016 and its relation with the given economic growth indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper approaches the issue of the labour force from Romania in regional profile at a decade after the accession to the European Union. The economic, political, technological and financial changes occurred at different aggregation levels have, profoundly, influenced the volume and structure of the labour force at national level. The analysis is based on statistical data available at national and European level and follows the evolution in regional profile. The result reveal an unprecedented dynamic of the national labour force and support the need for efficient public policies in the field of education and employment, adapted to the new coordinates of the economic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article determined and substantiated that the public opinion that the residents of rural areas, due to less strict observance of the regime of quarantine COVID restrictions on economic activity, lower population density in the settlement network, and technological features of agriculture, suffered smaller losses in terms of employment and income than other strata, turned out to be too optimistic. According to the results of the study, social alienation is increasing as a result of the deterioration of the entire spectrum of social and labour relations. Further research on the chosen subject may be related to strengthening the institutional capacity and financial self-sufficiency of communities due to the decentralization of powers and resources, the transition to a two-level model of interbudgetary relations, the development of local self-government and changes in the administrative-territorial system, overcoming the social alienation of self-employed persons, provision of force majeure in circumstances similar to the COVID pandemic, economic access to food, health care services, education, culture, transport, and digital infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to present the role and impact of International Fund for Agriculture on the development of the rural areas of the Republic of Moldova. Till the present the rural development are on the law level. The farmers were facing significant problems in running the business and a lot of poor people still lived in rural areas. These people could potentially be employed only in Agriculture as other economic activities are less developed in the rural areas. The Rural Financial Services and Agribusiness Development Project (RFSADP) is the fifth International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) program in Moldova and became effective on July 4, 2011. The implementation of the RFSADP was divided into four main components, to address various issues identified for reducing the poverty in rural areas. Each component and subcomponent describes a certain approach to improve business development in rural areas, with focus on agriculture and to improve the quality of lives for the people in rural areas. International Fund for Agriculture Development provided funding, consultancy and organized a set of activities to target poor people in rural areas to improve their living, to increase their knowledge about the most recent technologies in agriculture and to provide practical information about how to run their business and increase output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis presented in this paper points out the fact that we need to make fundamental improvements in the Western Region if we want to be able to face the future challenges generated by new investments with a view to increase economic activities, to improve institutional activities, and to make short-term specific investments in both human resources and infrastructure. The authors of this paper have reached the conclusion that the Western Region needs investments in the business environment in both developed areas and underdeveloped areas or unfavoured areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to analyze the use of taxes as an economic-financial instrument in Romania, comparatively with other EU states. The main aspects approached have been: total taxes, direct and indirect taxes, contributions to social insurance, profit tax, wage expense efficiency due to fiscal taxes. Romania has a more relaxed tax system compared to the EU average and other member states. Taxes are used as a financial tool to enrich the state and local budgets. State intervenes through legal regulations in the tax area that have the effect of positively influencing certain sides of the economic activity and gaining economic leverage character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental quality to be the basis of all activities, including tourism, makes inseparable from the phenomenon of tourism. The variety of natural environmental quality and its aesthetic appearance, constitute basic resources for tourism today, and increasingly homogenized by the process of economic globalization. Between the environment and various forms of tourism there are complex reciprocal relations, interdependence, which are often described as a "symbiosis". The purpose of this paper is to present and characterize economic activity and tourism in the area Razim- Sinoe Lagoon Complex. Will present data on population, agriculture, industry, tourism, transport and do some actual proposals on tourism potential. For these aspects we used data from the National Institute of Statistics, Department of Statistics Tulcea Strategic Plan for Sustainable Tourism Development in the Danube Delta, developed under the auspices of Tulcea County Council; Master Plan, Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, Danube Delta developed by National Institute for Research and Development. Data collected were placed in tables and processed to yield graphics that then we have interpreted and analyzed. Thus, after processing the data provided by the authorities, we conclude that: (i)The area study presents the following administrative-territorial structure: one city, Babadag, 10 communes with a total of 32 villages in the composition (including the common city of residence).(ii)The most important activity in terms of number of active local businesses is trade, with 50.83% of the total active units; (iii)Manufacturing attract the largest number of employees, 44.98%, is from this point of view, the most important activity. Manufacturing is followed in this trade indicator 19.37% and 10.38% of construction;(iv)The most representative activity is the fishing area is favorable for the development of such an activity, often combined with agrotourism.(v)The main categories of land use are the agricultural land (arable, pasture and hayfields, orchards and vineyards), forest vegetation surfaces, surfaces occupied by water, roads and railways construction;(vi)Sulfur forms prevalent in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve phytocoenosis, covering approximately 160.000 hectares, of which 100,000 ha is monodominantă reed community.(vii)In Romania especially in geographical areas close to water highlights specific types of tourism, which is distinguished from other forms of tourism in areas with higher altitudes. In the Razim-Sinoe meet as a form of tourism: tourism heliotherapy, sports tourism, rural tourism, eco-tourism, scientific tourism, health tourism, tourism movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection and justification of the feasibility of any environmental, including water projects, are always associated with the analysis of future events and uncertainty of the outcome of the project. Therefore, one of the most important tools of project management is a risk management framework. Risks usually arise from the uncertainty and variability of the economic, environmental, political, social environment, as well as the different operation conditions of a particular object. Weather and climate risk, as a subtype of general environmental risk, reflects the degree of loss of potential yields, and consequently the amount of income, as a result of uncontrolled meteorological factors. Reducing such risk provides a decrease in the impact of adverse natural factors on the efficiency of economic activity, and hence on the degree of technological excellence and environmental reliability of the selected alternative design solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is an important branch of the national economy, with various functions such as: main source of business activity that uses the workforce, ecological factor for the protection of the environment, technical and cultural tradition, representing a civilization in itself. This paper shows that, in Romania, agriculture has an extremely special position, being one of the primary branches of material production, taking into account that the economic and social growth of the contemporary world is in close connection with the level of accomplishments in agriculture and it cannot exist outside a strong development of this production branch. Because the agricultural sector is currently growing, now, in 2014, we can see a considerably large migration from the urban area to the rural area. Young people choose villages and not cities being influenced also by the agricultural schemes offered by the European Union, schemes that support the needs of the agricultural field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to analyze the evolution of tourism receipts at world level and by geographical area and in the main countries of tourist interest. In the period 1980-2012, the tourism income increased 10.14 times. In 2012, it accounted for USD Billion 1,075, to which Europe contributed by 42.58 %, Asia and the Pacific by 30.13 % and the Americas by 19.77 %. The USA, Spain, France, China, Macau, Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, Hong Kong and Australia are the top 10 countries according to the receipts, earning USD Billion 508.8, which represented 47.55 % of the world tourism income in 2012. The European countries with the highest contribution to tourism revenue are: Spain 12.21 %, France 11.72 %, Italy 8.99 %, Germany 8.32 %, United Kingdom 7.94 %, Turkey 5.60 %, Austria 4.12 %, Switzerland 3.62 %, Sweden 3.36 % and The Netherlands 3.03 %. Their contribution to Europe tourism receipts was 68.97 % in 2012. As a conclusion, international tourism is a very dynamic field of activity with a high contribution to the development of the world economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Foreign economic activity plays an important role in the economic development of each country. Organizing and carrying out foreign economic activity is an area of major importance in the creation of a new economic mechanism by which the country is classified is performed in the global economy. World experience confirms that many countries have achieved a significant increase of socio-economic development, because of their open "economy", which involves relatively free movement of goods, capital, technology, labor and knowledge. Integration evolution contributes to the increase of the import-export potential of any country. Global competition and domestic market protection prevent, however, the expansion of export flows. Thus, the external links of a country are conditioned and regulated by the interaction of the factors listed above. This paper aims to present some considerations on foreign economic activity as an important factor in the sustainable development of the Republic of Moldova. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article we proved that the transformations taking place in the labour market lead to radical changes in the economic activity and inactivity of the rural population, which requires additional analysis and finding ways to address existing disparities. In the research we grouped the regions of Ukraine by the level of economic activity of the rural population in 2019 at the age of 15-70 years and in working age, the results of which are presented in the form of cartograms The results of the analysis revealed that the level of education has a stronger positive impact on the level of economic activity of women. This means that education is more important for women in terms of improving their position in the labor market. The article has proven that currently, the level of economic activity of the rural population and the rural labour market in Ukraine remain underdeveloped, need constant change and adaptation to world standards. In modern conditions, the main factors influencing the processes taking place in the rural labour market are: structural adjustment of the economy, in particular the predominant development of agriculture; accelerated economic growth; building the potential of entrepreneurship; scientific and technological progress, digitalization of society; state regulation of labour potential development, labour market, and employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article researches scientific and applied aspects of decentralization and outlines methodical approaches to the analysis of socio-economic development of communities. The work looks into the peculiarities of the united territorial community formation based on the example of Truskavets UTC. It proves that reforming of the territorial organization of power proves to be the effective mechanism for stimulating economic activity as well as developing of effective strategies for regional and local development. The changes in the budgetary policy in accordance with the new approaches in the management of administrative-territorial entities are illustrated. The article identifies the results of activities in the current and perspective plans of Truskavets united territorial community based on such indicators as the average amount of own revenues, local taxes and levies, the percentage of administrative office costs in own resources. It also substantiates the main priorities of Truskavets UTC in the context of current conditions and establishes the principles of financial support of the united territorial communities’ activity, which is an integral part of their financial capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article evaluates the dynamics of the main indicators of economic activity of the rural population of Volyn region, formed and highlighted trends in their development in the region and compared with neighboring regions within the Polissya economic zone of Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the intensive reduction of employment of the rural population in traditional sectors of economic activity, which leads to an increase, on the one hand, rural unemployment, and on the other -- to an increase in employment in personal peasant farms. The study substantiated that employment in the personal economy turned out to be more profitable for the rural population -- the income per unit of labour there is now about twice as high with twice as low labour productivity. The explanation for this is the shadow nature of production in peasant farms and the imbalance of the economic mechanism in enterprises. It is substantiated that, taking into account the number of employed persons who produced products for personal consumption in private farms, programs inefficient use not only of their labour resources, but also reduces the average industry efficiency of labour resources of the agricultural sector as a whole. Among other features of the rural labour market of Volyn region, which limits its development, we can point to the non-compact distribution of the rural population in the territory. Peculiarities of the settlement network in Volyn region are that the dominant segment of rural employment is agricultural enterprises. It was found that in the current conditions it is advisable to develop and implement a set of measures to improve demographic processes, optimize employment and improve the living standards of the rural population, which requires effective cooperation between government and research institutions, relevant authorities and interested private entities. It is proved that in the rapidly changing conditions of modern times the optimization of territorial mobility of the working population between types of employment, areas of employment, insufficient and surplus areas, adaptation of statistical information base to the specifics of rural employment to rationalize economic activity and prevent negative phenomena continue to be extremely important and acute issues in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culinary tourism, like any type of tourism is an economic activity, but it is part of the culture of the defined region. Therefore, practicing culinary tourism should be perceived primarily as a cultural enrichment of the individual person. The aim of the research is to establish the degree of interest in the practice of culinary tourism in Bulgaria; Preferences in a particular culinary area; Expectations from practicing culinary tourism. In order to achieve this objective, it is necessary to carry out the following tasks: To prepare an inquiry card; To conduct the survey among consumers; To carry out statistical treatment and analyse the results of the survey; To summarize conclusions. To achieve the purpose of the survey was conducted questionnaires - in person and through online form (inquiry card), in the period 05.11.2018 - 22.12.2018 year, among 104 people aged 18 to 51 years. The questionnaire contains 20 questions of different types - open, closed, multivariate. From the analysis of the results of the study, the following are summarized: respondents practice different types of tourism, and culinary is also present in their preferences. Through an appropriate advertising and marketing strategy, this interest can be strengthened and more actors attract. Respondents would visit each of the tourist areas in Bulgaria for culinary tourism, but as the most preferred they have defined the Rhodopi region. Respondents would be motivated to travel if it offered them a new, different experience; has a good quality/price ratio; It is related to the consumption of traditional as well as unique food and drinks. They are interested in local traditions, lifestyle and culture and would visit festivals, holidays, and domestic/traditional restaurants. The vast majority of respondents believe that the best advertising of culinary tourism can be accomplished through specialized sites, radio and television. They like long weekends outside their own location; The most preferred period for participation in culinary tourism is from 1 to 3 days. For a period of such a duration would allocate between 150 and 300 BGN, this amount does not include the cost of transport and accommodation. Respondents are young people, mostly women, most - family, highly educated and most of them live in a big city; Decide to participate in culinary tourism independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors elaborated structural and functional characteristics to provide the economic security of the development of rural territories. The authors identified the types of threats by: incompleteness of institutional environment, increased irrationalism of economic activities management, reduced economic prosperity of the rural population, degradation of the social sphere, worsening of demographic situation, destruction of the logistics infrastructure, aggravation of environmental imbalances. It is proposed to aggregate the economic security of rural areas development with demographic, economic infrastructure, rural households, social and humanitarian and environmental security. The authors compiled a rating of rural areas of Ukraine by the level of economic security. The tools to ensure the economic security of rural areas development are justified in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study approaches the problem of the socioeconomic developments at county level over a ten-year interval starting with the year when Romania acceded to the European Union, and tries to highlight the main structural changes within areas such as demography, economic activities and social infrastructure within Ilfov County, which is one of the most dynamic territorial units of Romania as it capitalises its excellent position and is a polarising centre for workforce as well as for economic activities. The analysis uses statistical data from official sources, both national and European, which have been processed with classical statistical methods. The results suggest a strong dynamics of the main parameters that are relevant to demography and to economic activities, as well as a steady development of the social infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to demonstrate the differences between labour productivity in the Romanian agriculture and the European Union countries, determining the impact on the farming system. The article is made with the help of the data from the Eurostat and the National Institute of Statistics. It use three different modalities to estimate agricultural labour productivity in European Union and in Romania. Labour productivity in agriculture, forestry and fishery sector is still very low in Romania compared to EU-28 member countries. Labour productivity in Romanian agriculture sector is lower than in other members' countries of European Union, where it is very significant (Dutch, Danish, Belgian or French productivity is 10-15 times higher). Analysing labour productivity in Romania's agriculture sector by economic activities, it is noted that agriculture has the smallest labour productivity. In view of the existence of a large number of employed persons in Romania agriculture (10.45% of the total population), it is very important to increase labour productivity in Romania because it has a major impact on economic growth and the standard of living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grapes produced in many provinces of Turkey, with the possibility to evaluate in different ways and also as an agricultural product which is also an important contribution to foreign trades. According to the latest data, Turkey ranks in fifth regarding the total vineyard area and sixth in grape production in the world countries. This study aims to reveal the economic analysis of grape production. In this framework, determining the economic structures, annual activity results of vineyards, and calculating the production costs in the case of Denizli province. It was determined that grape production mostly made in aqueous conditions and goble training production was done in non-irrigated vineyards. Because of this situation, according to the wired training vineyards, it was found that the yield was about 1.6 times higher than the goble training system. It was determined that the labour force was used intensively in both production systems. However, more labour was used in the wired training vineyards than in the goble training system. It was determined that the gross production value be higher in the wired training vineyards. According to these results, it can be said that the wired training system was more advantageous regarding economic criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through organization scientific production and work aims the growth the use of resources. The degree of mobilization of the resource potential, what characterized intensity use their is expressed by two indicators: intensity consuming (spending) the resource potential and efficiency (result) using resource potential. Addressing theoretical and methodological issues evaluation potential units agriculture, which is being discussed in the literature economic agrarian, allows shooting conclusion that the production potential of the units agriculture is a category economic through which it expresses itself characteristic production systematic forces as sets of different combinations of productive resources: land, capital (in form fixed and assets) and labor resources. Evaluation resource potential is performed complicated in the goal determination opportunities potential of the entities in the production agricultural, information obtained. It is used in the development business plans and the development of the enterprise. The authors investigated composition potential resources, which have a share essential in the production potential and are of great importance in the indicators- the result, which is determined through the report from results obtained (output, income, profit ) and efforts (or resources used ). The authors have developed methodology determination the full potential of resources and return it expressed value, and estimate with their help indices statistics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Republic of Moldova emigration and its incomes have an important role in determining the evolutions of economic and social processes and a major influence on the country's economy. Despite this major impact on development, still emigration and its consequences have not been properly addressed. Research shows that in the future remittances that emigrants will repatriate to the country with their eventual return will have an even greater impact on the savings level. According to the analysis of the statistical data, we try to quantify the impact of remittances on the main economic aggregates, and we demonstrate that, even without direct intervention by the authorities, emigrant incomes have a major role in the development of the country. The applied research is based on the general principles of the complex systems analysis of: the system analysis method, the diagnostic analysis method, the methods of data analysis using statistical techniques: graphs and tabulations, as well as consecrated methods: scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, observation, reasoning, comparison and grouping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celaru locality is located in Dolj County, located along the road that goes from Dăbuleni to Craiova, on the edge of the sand dunes that reach up here, extending from Jiu. The unit was established in 2010, having as main object of activity "growing cereals (except rice), legumes and oilseeds producing plant" - CAEN code 0111 from 12.07.2010. The study goal was to follow the constitution of the financial indicators (indicators of income, expenditure indicators, profitability indicators) the company analyzed their values and financial results. The working method is based on comparison in time of indicators so that the analysis was carried out based on a dynamic consists of three years, subjected to analysis, and the average of the period. The results show maximum for year 2013 - synthetic for the indicator and minimum one year 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any economic transformation, including the transformations in the agricultural sector, aims to develop the national economy. The market economy places the enterprise in the center of the economic activity of any branch of the economy. The obtained results, positive or negative, determine the entire national economy. The national economy is viable if it manages to stimulate the creation and development of a profitable business. Economic development, the increase of the population's living standards, investments attraction, exports promotion have become frequent subjects of primary interest for the agrarian sector of the Republic of Moldova. The reform process, implemented in the past decade, is difficult and has little progress. The results are mixed, and the tasks within the sector are huge, taking in consideration the challenges concerning EU accession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latest developments demonstrate that the constantly imposed barriers to Moldova's agrifood export by the Russian Federation highlighted the most vulnerable points of the foreign economic activity, especially the relatively low share of exports of processed products, low diversification of the markets, the large number of traditional products in traditional markets. Refocusing on the European Union market has a slower pace than the loss of East markets and the prospect of alternative destinations (Middle East, for example) is very difficult. Based on price and nonprice competitiveness, the agri-food exports of the country are much less advanced than those of competitors, which further complicates the dynamics of foreign trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implications of accessing the European funds related to NPRD 2007-2013, on the agricultural exploitations performances was emphasized by the assessment conducted at the level of nine case studies (agricultural exploitations from the South-Muntenia Region) of the economic and financial efficiency and of the technical efficiency, in the post-project period, comparative with the year of submission of the funding requests. The conducted analysis emphasized the pressure put on accessing the investment funds on the general activity of the agricultural exploitations, and especially on the financial performances, most of the agricultural exploitations taken as case studies experimenting a decrease of the financial profitability. Also, it was emphasized a decrease of the technical efficiency (of the capacity to transform the inputs in outputs), of the exploitation activities and of the general activity, especially in large exploitations. The key method of analysis, used for these studies, was the method of data envelopment analysis (Data Envelopment Analysis - DEA) which was often used in assessing the efficiency of agricultural exploitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, in agriculture there are many different sources of accidents and risks developing disorders in musculoskeletal system. Farmers are often exposed to the possibility of overloading the musculo-skeletal system due to many different activities performed in farms. Based on these circumstances, the studies were conducted aiming as main objective to investigate the causes of disorders in farmer's musculo-skeletal system. Therefore, a survey was conducted on 96 farms. It turned out that many farmers transport the loads only manually. Due to many various tasks performed in farms, farm workers adopt an uncomfortable body position very often: forward inclination of the spine and head, sitting without back support and often kneeling. It generates pains of the upper limbs and legs or stiffness of hands. Based on these results it is very important to perform each agricultural activity very careful and paying attention to other worker during work process in the same farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Services include a highly heterogeneous range of economic activities which are characterized by different manufacturing processes, different delivery modalities, service providers and consumers with different behaviors, various market structures. The main characteristic features of the service are: immateriality and intangibility; unable to be stored; simultaneity of production and consumption; inability to be sustainable; inseparability of the services provider and the person of the user; heterogeneity; lack of properties. The study of various classification systems is particularly interesting for understanding the nature and diversity for services, analysis of different systems applicable to services and their evolution over time, and the correlations between services and other economic activities they serve. The market has very different characteristics depending on the type of service, level of competition, and the state can intervene in the market for the normal conduct of market mechanisms. Regulation can take three forms: technical regulations, administrative and price controls. It was also treated the issue service in rural areas by providing classification and analysis in some ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The institutional environment is an essential component of agriculture, an important determinant of performance and the transformation of the sector. Lack of certain institutions, or their weakness is a serious barrier to structural transformation and the modernization of agriculture. A special role in these transformations perform local institutions, which by direct contact with the farmer can effectively interact with the processes taking place in farms. Especially in investing activities associated with significant risk, institutional support is extremely helpful for farmers. The aim of the study is to identify the role of local institutions in the process of investing activities supporting farms in Poland. It was found that the most intense are the relations of farmers with local institutions conducive to the absorption of EU funds. A dominant role in Poland, in this respect, is carried out by public agricultural advisory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unit was established in 2008, with the object of activity "permanent cultivation of plants" - NACE Code 011 principal activity "Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds plant". Besides main activity - growing of cereals and other crops, the company may carry on business as a secondary objective: wholesale of grain, seeds feed; Growing of vegetables, horticultural specialties and greenhouse products; cultivation of fruits, nuts, beverage and spice plants; cattle; sheep, goats, horses, asses, mules and donkeys; pig breeding; poultry; Raising of other animals; activities (mixed farming of crops combined with farming of animals); service activities related to agriculture, gardening landscaping (landscape architecture); animal husbandry service activities, except veterinary activities; fisheries; fish; mill products; manufacture of starch and starch products; manufacture of bread, fresh pastry production; road transport of goods; Agricultural machinery and equipment rental; import-export, etc. . The company is part of the Cooperative "VEDEA ROSIORI" - agricultural cooperative whose operating rules are set out in the Statute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unit was established in 2006, with the object of "Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds plant" - CAEN code 0111 from 02.08.2006. Formation of the company was based on the association of two persons, Romanian citizens, which constituted a legal entity as a limited liability company. The declared company's office is located in the village of Salcia, County Teleorman, which may establish subsidiaries, as required by law. Life of the society is one unlimited share capital was 200 lei (by 50% for each partner), increase or reduce the capital and its transmission can be achieved in concrete terms stipulated in the articles of established. The company has various equipment (tractors, combines, various machinery, storage, etc.) that have experienced an upward trend - both in numbers and in terms of value - during the analyzed period (2011-2013). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infrastructure is an element of support, with particular importance for the support of all economic and social and cultural activities in the rural area. The infrastructure covers both the structural area, giving unity to the system and the space area, thus creating a viable territorial configuration or not, which is reflected by different levels of accessibility. Actually it is the circulatory system of the economic and social body, individualized in a well determined area as the regional one. South-Muntenia Region is characterized by a well defined infrastructure due to its advantageous geographical position. Its location in a peripheral area of Romania has favoured the emergence of some major roads, which allowed the development of its relations not only with the neighbouring national regions, but also with the neighbouring country Bulgaria. It location around Bucharest-Ilfov Development Region, resulted in shaping a dense infrastructure for transport and communication, an extension of that developed in Bucharest, the most important city and administrative centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]