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In recent years, there has been a growing interest from private equity entities and other collective investment entities in investing in insurance undertakings, with multiple examples of such investments in the United States and, to a lesser extent, in Europe. This increasing interest has also led to a growing attention from supervisory authorities about these types of investments. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the way in which various regulations, as well as certain actions by the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) and the Spanish Directorate General for Insurance and Pension Funds (DGSFP), may impact, in practice, the investment operations of different types of collective investment institutions in the insurance sector. Although it is not the central focus of this paper, we also refer to the regime of investments by insurance undertakings and Spanish pension funds, exclusively with regard to their investment in private equity entities and other closed-ended collective investment institutions (a regime that, in the case of insurance companies, is delimited by EU law; while in the case of Spanish pension funds, it is established in national laws regulations). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Startups Law incorporates a new regime for treasury stock generated by limited companies that have the status of startup, provided that the purpose is to implement a compensation plan for employees and directors. With this, the aim is that startups can attract and retain talent by involving those who have a key profile in the company and the business. This new specific treasury stock regime for startups has a series of requirements and conditions to be applied, highlighting also the penalties in case of infringement. This paper analyzes the particularities of treasury stock in startups and examines the objectives and requirements introduced by Law 28/2022 in contrast with the general treasury stock regime outlined in the Companies Act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A «scaleup» company presupposes the next phase of expansion or growth of a «startup» company, taking into account parameters of employees and turnover growth. As the subsequent evolutionary phase of a «startup» company, the «scaleup» company is, also, considered to have an improved product or service. This paper analyses the "Scaleup Market", studying its legal and market configuration. Likewise, the figure of the Nominated Advisor and its legal regime are studied and analysed. At the time of development of this work, there are two companies trading on the «BME Scaleup » Market: ALFIL PATRIMONIAL SOCIMI, S.A. and SOLVENTO GROUP 2022 SOCIMI, S.A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the main changes introduced by Law 28/2022, of 21 December, on the promotion of the startup ecosystem, commonly known as the "Startup Law", more than a year after its entry into force. We will focus on the issues that most directly affect the entrepreneurial and investor ecosystem, and we will address some of the issues that raise the most interpretative doubts or that we believe could have been reworded to cover a larger number of companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]