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This study aimed to analyze the association of environmental regulation with the adoption of both proactive and reactive eco-innovation strategies in the Brazilian pulp, paper, and paper product industry. Methodology was based on a quantitative approach, using a cross-sectional survey by means of a self-administered online questionnaire answered by 117 sector companies of all sizes and Brazilian regions. Data analysis consisted of inferential statistics with logistic regression analysis. The main results show that the organizations participating in this study consider environmental regulation as conducive of proactive, more than reactive, eco-innovation strategies, as opposed to previous literature. This result fits into the evolutionary perspective, which postulates that companies see environmental regulation as less a cost and more an opportunity, directing them to improve productivity and competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication of scientific articles is one of the requirements imposed on Brazilian researchers and contributes decisively to their reputation, mobility and financial benefits. To assess the quality of publications, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) created the Qualis system, that classifies journals into eight levels - A1 (highest) to C (lowest) - inferring the quality of the articles from the strata of the journals in which they are published. This article examines the flaws and gaps that represent factors for rejecting articles submitted to management journals, comparing the motives for rejection between journals from different strata. Methodologically, we conducted an empirical study with data obtained by questionnaire from 82 editors of Brazilian management journals. Contrary to expectations, the results do not point to clear differences in the factors that lead to rejection between journals from different strata. This article has contributions and implications for researchers, publishers and regulators. In particular, the thoughtful reader can identify the most frequent problems and gaps and be more prepared to produce better articles for future submissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After 10 years of digital proceedings for Enanpad (the largest academic business conference in Brazil), this would seem to be a good time to evaluate how its Information Management field is performing. The fact that all papers published in the proceedings during this period of time are available in electronic media makes it easy for studies to be carried out that use that huge amount of available electronic data. This paper presents the findings of a quantitative study that involved handling the data contained in 9.289 references included in the 339 papers published in the proceedings of the Information Management field in Enanpad, from 1997 to 2006. Amongst the most significant results is the identification of the authors, universities, journals, publishers and scientific events that inspire researchers in the IS field in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: there is little empirical evidence of the relationship between the implementation of lean techniques (such as the pull system) and their real effect on supply chain performance. Objective: the purpose of this paper is to describe the process of implementing the pull production logic in the supply chain, reporting the historical evolution of indicators, such as inventory levels and lead times over 23 months of intervention. Methods: an action research project was carried out describing chain intervention steps in 2017-2019, divided into phases as follows: planning, data collection, implementation of the action, analysis and evaluation of the results. Results: the main contribution was to demonstrate that the production shift from push to pull had a positive impact on lead time, inventory, and planning routines indicators. Inventory levels were reduced by more than 30% and lead times were down approximately 40%. In addition, sales forecast assertiveness increased. Conclusion: this paper may provide a reference for organizations that want to make similar changes in their supply chains and significantly change the planning routine of their suppliers and distributors by implementing the pull logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to investigate how scales for the concept of moral virtues are constructed and measured, in studies associated with business ethics and the tradition of virtue ethics. Methods: a systematic literature review was conducted to select empirical articles on moral virtues that design or apply scales. Based on search, selection, and analysis criteria, five databases were consulted, and 37 papers were selected, with subsequent analysis of the scales development and measurement procedure (items, sample, factor analysis) and emerging factors. Results: the study gathers scales of multiple moral virtues (19) and of specific virtues (18), showing limitations in the generation of items, and in the item-sample proportion in some scales, as well as theoretical contributions in leadership and relationship strengthening, making a theoretical and methodological discussion in the light of the assumptions of virtue ethics in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition. Conclusions: the article intends to contribute to a better understanding of moral virtues in management, by discussing the scales from the unity of virtues and the phronesis-moral virtues connection, with implications for human behavior and business ethics. Procedures are recommended for future qualitative and quantitative studies in new research contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: recently, the strategy as practice approach has sought to overcome the micro/macro dichotomy existing in its literature, as well as to better integrate the dimensions of praxis, practice and practitioner. To fill this gap, the aim of the paper is to discuss potential methods to guide empirical studies of strategy as practice (SAP). Method: the paper proposes a method based on an extensive literature review. Phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and narratives are discussed, and their components are presented in the context of strategy as practice studies. Results: the presented method articulates four approaches. Phenomenology is used to enhance the understanding of strategist experiences. Grounded theory is considered a method to develop theories about the studied phenomenon. Ethnography is used to contextualize the daily practices of strategists. Narratives are the path to access the stories of the strategists. Conclusion: the proposed method may be useful to overcome micro/macro dichotomy existing in strategy as practice literature and to integrate praxis, practice and practitioner dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: studies argue that similar levels of dependence are essential for supplier satisfaction in buyer-supplier relationships. However, asymmetric relationships can also lead to supplier satisfaction. Objective: this paper investigates the effects of benefit-based dependence (positive motivations for maintaining relationships) between buyer and supplier and supplier satisfaction. Methods: response surface analysis (RSA) was used to test the relationship between third-party logistics (3PL) dependence and satisfaction dimensions in 174 dyads. Results: the results demonstrated that about supplier satisfaction, instead of dependence asymmetry what really matters is the degree of dependence between the parties. The more dependent one part is on the other, usually, the greater the supplier's satisfaction. In many circumstances, a degree of dependence is acceptable and necessary to access resources and opportunities. Conclusions: the interaction between buyer and supplier dependence and supplier satisfaction is complex. Situations of dependence asymmetry in which the supplier is highly dependent on the buyer may still be satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: this paper proposes and evaluates a causal model to explain knowledge sharing among peers in the workplace. The proposed model, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, includes psychosocial factors (transformational leadership, workgroup identification, and shared understanding) and organizational factors (knowledge sharing opportunities and formalization of knowledge sharing processes) as antecedents of individuals' attitudes, perception of subjective norms associated with their group and their direct supervisor, and intention and effective knowledge-sharing behavior. Methods: the model was statistically tested using structural equation modeling techniques with data provided by 131 customer service employees of a large Brazilian telecommunications company. Results: the results indicate that the psychosocial elements have a strong influence on knowledge sharing attitudes and practices. The hypotheses associated with behavioral control have not been confirmed. Moreover, the intention to share knowledge does not seem to be affected by the subjective norms associated with the individual's direct supervisor, but only by those related to their group. Conclusions: the cognitive proximity between group members, reflected in their perception of shared understanding, was an important element in the elicitation of attitudes favorable to knowledge sharing. Additionally, individuals with greater identification with their group tended to have more positive attitudes toward sharing their knowledge. This attitude tends to be more positive when the individual's direct supervisor adopts a more transformational leadership style. The influence of leaders seems to extend from the development of a culture of knowledge exchange and diffusion of principles that stimulate this exchange, to the creation of opportunities to share knowledge through the active management of knowledge diffusion in their teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of the effects of the implantation of university units on the local development is still incipient in Brazil. Even at the international level, few studies use robust methods to estimate the impacts of these structures, let alone seek to differentiate them over time. This paper evaluates the initial impacts of the federal universities' expansion policy in the 2000s on municipal economies, based on production and income indicators. Based on a broad data set for Brazilian municipalities, we apply the propensity score matching technique and then estimate Treatment Effect on Treated by the policy. The results indicate that the implementation of the new campuses was able to raise the per capita income of the benefited municipalities by 3.5% to 5.8%, on average, but that there was no additional gain from the time of implementation of the campuses. The absence of campus maturation effect points to a difficulty in generating the productivity jumps normally expected with the implementation of these structures. In this case, it would be possible to seek a greater return from these investments by reevaluating the criteria for creating new campuses and by better focusing on the actions of existing ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Going beyond analyzing gift-giving from a single love perspective, this paper aimed to understand the gift-giving from the love types experienced in romantic relationships, investigating the frequency, the reasons for the act of giving gifts among couples, and the sacrificial perception. Through a survey, 257 people participated in the research. The results revealed that the love characterized by eroticism and passion (Eros) is the predominant primary style among couples and is the one that guides individuals to gift more frequently through the social motive. Among the secondary love styles, we observed that the altruist (Agape) tends to be what most often induces gift-giving, generating a sacrificial perception of the offerer. We also saw that the sacrifice can be perceived in the gift-giving in other forms of love besides the Agape style. The study contributes to the literature by revealing that the gift-giving can vary according to the love styles and that the perception of sacrifice in this act is related to these styles. Thus, we propose the development of reflections and investigations focused on the consequences of love forms on consumer behavior, highlighting love styles theory for its ability to provide new interpretations of consumer relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This technological paper presents the development and application of the Quotaholder Agreement - as an internal Corporate Governance (CG) mechanism - for the beginning of the activities of a small company in the software development industry. The challenge is identified on the need to apply CG mechanisms in micro and small enterprises (MPE), configuring the extrapolation of this article. The rationale behind the Quotaholder Agreement is the ability to mitigate problems of asymmetry of information and interest among (main) shareholder of a company, by converging interests on management, succession, among others. Future conflicts are anticipated in the clauses of the agreement, which provides more transparent, controlled and lasting management. Using action research as a method, we verified the initial presence of several conflicts between the future partners of the company studied here. Such conflicts prevented the realization of the beginning of corporate activities. In this way, this article contributed, in an innovative way, through the development of a CG tool, the QA, in the social relations of companies divided by limited quotas. Through this application, other MSEs can adopt the proposal to apply the QA and mitigate conflicts of asymmetry and interests by initiating the implementation of the CG within the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the influence of female participation on the performance and financial risk considering a sample of 218 public companies traded on B3 (Bovespa) from 2010 a 2016. The study also analyzes the influence of female participation on family control companies. Using a random effects methodology and family control dummy and percentage of female presence in boards of director, the study sought to analyze how theses variables and their interactions affect the financial performance of companies. Although the female representation has grown more than 50% in recent years, this share, however, in the board of directors of Brazilian companies is still a minority, close to 9% of the total surveyed. The ownership structure in the family firms is very relevant, with the percentage of 63%. The results suggest a positive relation between female participation and the Tobin-Q, used by value's proxy, however, this relationship is weaker for firms with a family control. Another result found is that volatility, taken here as a risk's proxy, is reduced in family run-business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an editorial perspective of corporate governance in Brazilian family firm as a result of the call for papers and this special issue of the RAC to address this research topic. The two accepted articles tackle relevant issues in the academic debate, namely: the need for a theoretical framework for the evaluation of strategic decision-making processes of family businesses, and the importance of gender diversity on the boards of directors of family firms. The theoretical proposition and empirical evidence documented in these two studies open a new line of research in corporate governance of Brazilian family firms. More specifically, these two articles provide new insights on the conciliation of the heterogeneity in the composition of the board of directors and its relationship with the value creation process in family firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the management practice of what is named here as creativity management, based on the individual in his/her group, the leadership process and culture. This management is based on the deliberation of leaders with actions arranged towards increasing collective creativity. The literature highlights the importance of creativity, seen as a manageable process able to enhance the act of innovating, in the consolidation of organizational innovation and emphasizes innovation's value in achieving competitive advantage. However, there are still gaps in the literature. Therefore, an exploratory and descriptive research was conducted through interviews with managers from the creative economy sector, from the perspective of content analysis. Informants interpreted economic activity based on creativity as needing new values and practices. Results showed management practices as creativity managements, with actions involving the individual, the leader and organizational culture. This paper's contributions to management practice is to offer knowledge capable of increasing competitive advantage and, in the academic field, provide new theoretical connections to advance the field of innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined academic production on transnational governance. It adopted a multi-method approach that used bibliometric analysis to identify the twenty most influential papers. Those papers were then analyzed in depth, emphasizing the research methods adopted and the different forms and dimensions of transnational governance studied. Results concluded that interest on transnational governance is recent, but increasing. The majority of the papers highlight the multiplicity of actors engaged in transnational governance, reinforcing its strengthening pluricentrality and the diversity of processes and forms it can assume. There is a definite need for more empirical studies and those that consider the Latin American context. It is also necessary to develop studies that enable a critical analysis of the development of regulatory mechanisms that legitimize the action of private actors in issues of public interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding of social challenges and natural resource limitations by enterprises has spurred the creation of a new kind of entrepreneurism that focuses on strategies aligned with sustainable development dimensions. Recently, theoretical studies have highlighted that the creation of value between an enterprise and its stakeholders is a necessary condition for the sustainability of the business. In such a context, this paper aims to analyse how the interrelation between enterprises that meet criteria of sustainable entrepreneurship and their supplier stakeholders influence the creation of values that contribute to sustainable development. For this purpose this paper used a qualitative approach based on multiple case studies that investigated four enterprises and two of their respective suppliers. The results showed that the interrelationships between the studied companies and their supplier stakeholders influence the creation of values that contribute to sustainable development in that mutual interests related to the three dimensions (environmental, social and economic) are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature presents some shortcomings in the use of current skills, resources, and capabilities (exploitation) with the exploration of new competencies to achieve performance. Little is known about how the dimensions of exploitation and exploration should be analyzed; whether separately, by continuum, in sequence, through interactive or (in) congruence. Given the lack of empirical evidence of how these two dimensions can elucidate performance, the problem that arises is: How can the ambidextrous congruence boost performance? The purpose of the paper was to examine how the congruence between dualities affects organizational performance. Through a survey of 227 software companies, we tested hypotheses related to the congruence and interaction of the two ambidextrous factors. The results showed that (a) the dimensions of exploration and exploitation, average ambidexterity, and ambidexterity by means of a continuum explain the performance; (b) exploitation vs. exploration interaction is not related to the organization's result; and (c) the convergence of both dimensions increases the organizational result. The findings are consistent with the thesis of Gibson and Birkinshaw (2004) and reject the thesis of Gupta, Smith and Shalley (2006) and Cao, Gedajlovic and Zhang (2009). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze how ads with incongruous humor on Facebook influence female Brazilian consumer engagement, attitudes and purchase intention. An experiment conducted on Facebook with 269 women allowed us to test whether the presence of incongruous humor influences advertisement effectiveness, confirming this hypothesis, demonstrating that humorous appeal has a positive effect on female audiences. Regarding contributions, our findings confirm that engagement, attitudes and purchase intention conform to important measures of advertisement effectiveness in the virtual context; reveal new facets about women's perception of stimuli traditionally designed for men; and show social networks to be fundamental elements for consumer decision-making. Thus, we discuss the role of the Internet as a platform for interaction between companies and users and the need of building a relationship in this context, in which incongruous humor proves to be capable of catching consumer attention, arousing engagement, provoking favorable attitudes and, thereby, driving purchase intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this paper is to analyze whether innovations in the federal government follow public management trends, especially in the post-New Public Management (NPM) era. The article, based on exploratory descriptive research, investigates the most frequent trends in terms of principles and guidelines, their evolution in time and the relationship among the trends, and the thematic area of the innovations. To accomplish the goal, we initially conducted a comprehensive literature review to map the post-NPM trends. Next, we used content analysis to verify these initiatives based on the Federal Award of Public Management Innovation (FAPMI) from 2007 to 2015. The empirical findings confirm that more than 90% of these initiatives have at least one post-NPM principle/directive. The recurrent initiatives are collaboration/partnership, coordination/control, and participation/engagement with minor differences between the FAPMI runners-up and winners. A comparison of the trends according to innovation type, depicted by their thematic areas, revealed an overall heterogeneity among these trends. The most frequent type - new arrangement - is highly related to collaboration and partnership, while internal ends initiatives have less common post-NPM principles/directives, such as strengthening bureaucracy and leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) is a widely studied subject in finance. A question that remains unanswered is the role and impact of the advisor's choice in the process of acquiring or merging. The current literature focuses on studying the US market/developed countries with different characteristics of an emerging market oriented toward the ownership of firms. Using data from more than 7,000 operations, this paper investigates the role of advisors in the negotiation and success rate and seeks to determine the characteristics for their participation. Linear and logistic regression revealed that the advisors play an active role due to the significantly longer period between the announcement and conclusion of the deal in which they participated. We also identified a higher success rate in comparison with in-house deals. Regarding the determinants, complexity, size of the deal, the acquirer's previous experience in M&A, and payment entirely in shares increases the probability of hiring an advisor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is already a reasonable set of papers that applied sociometry and network theory to characterize the arrangement of researchers and/or research institutions underlying a specific object of interest, whether it be a Postgraduate Program, periodical, conference, or theoretical or technical field. If the object of interest is circumscribed, the census is reasonable and can be employed. Otherwise, you work with a fraction of the sample population. The use of such a sample has risks that, in theory, may compromise the findings. To meet this study's objectives - to evaluate the risks arising from the use of samples in co-authorship network analysis and to propose a more adequate approach than to simply disregard them - 300 simulations of a co-authorship network were made, reducing it by 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% to subsequently test the extrapolation from the linear model. Results indicate that even relatively large samples can be misleading. However, it was possible to infer some of the structural characteristics of the population from the method under consideration, in such a way that this development can turn out to be an interesting resource to confer greater reliability to the research in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on innovation and the low-income market has focused primarily on product development and marketing management, taking a top-down approach, from business to consumer. From the individual's point of view, little attention has been paid to understanding the adoption of innovation by low-income consumers. This article aims to present the development of a framework for innovation adoption by low-income consumers assuming a bottomup approach, focusing mainly on consumers and their structural and individual constraints found in the context of poverty. The theoretical assumptions underlying the framework are the constraints faced by market consumers at the base of the pyramid, which include low income, lack of information, knowledge and confidence. In order to find alternatives to minimize this effect, we searched in the literature for factors that could influence this effect. As a result, the paper presents a theoretical framework that seeks to show the relationship between the constraints in the low-income market and its influence on innovation adoption. Based on the supposition this is a negative relationship, the framework presents variables supported by literature on innovation and low-income markets, which can influence this main effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reputation systems play an important role in the current electronic commerce scenario, as formulation and standardization of indices for web-stores contribute to determine customers' buying decisions. In light of the theoretical relationship between the constructs trust and reputation, this paper intends to analyze the coherence between evaluation indexes built by reputation systems from two big business review sites. We used data from 90 Brazilian e-commerce companies (that maintain .br domains) which have achieved both reputation seals and trust seals. An ANOVA test was used in order to compare the mean of the reputation index of companies that have different trust seals. Results showed no coherence between the reputation systems and also increased the likelihood of existence of other predictive variables in this theoretical model, when it comes to assessing indices provided for those companies. This paper's conclusions highlight the need for new studies which will allow the comprehension of particularities and variables related to reputation systems in Brazil and thus lead to a more accurate understanding of the theoretical relationship between trust and reputation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to investigate the importance of providing information necessary for the evaluation of public policies during the formulation phase. These policies often can be reformulated or adapted during the deployment process, making it difficult to identify during the formulation phase what information is needed for evaluation. This difficulty is especially manifested when the state is the formulator and independent agents are deployers, such as the financial inclusion policy discussed in this paper. Like other Central Bank (CB) policies, the financial inclusion project was formulated internally in the BC and implemented directly by financial system agents. Given these characteristics, we investigate this project under light of theories that articulate formulation, implementation and evaluation of public policies. From this study we conclude that, despite the impossibility of making a full estimate of the required information in the formulation stage, there are gains for the evaluation process if it is inserted into the formulation/implementation dynamics of public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to identify ways of improving higher education in entrepreneurship, focusing on Brazilian students who want to be self-employed or have their own business. In this article, they are named intentional founders. The study is a survey complemented by a short literature review. The online questionnaire was answered by 12,604 Brazilian students from 37 public and private higher-education institutions. According to their answers, they present a higher demand for entrepreneurship education and a higher entrepreneurial intention than students from other countries. Three hypotheses were tested. Results show that more or less entrepreneurship education (EE) has no effect on students' entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy (self-perception of being well-prepared to do successful entrepreneurial activities). On the other hand, entrepreneurial intention has a significant and positive association with demand for EE. Taking advantage of students' high demand seems attractive to facilitate the necessary improvement of EE in Brazil. The discussions and conclusions at the end of the paper offer recommendations not only for the improvement of higher education, but also for conducting further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common practice in business valuation and the determination of fair rates of return by regulatory agencies is to use the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) with the ad hoc addition of a country risk premium. The present paper documents this practice in the valuation reports required in public acquisition offers available on the CVM (Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission) website. Multiple linear regression is used with monthly returns for stock shares of 204 firms listed on the BM&FBovespa (Brazilian Stock Exchange). The period covered is from January 2009 to December 2013, and the results indicate that there is a premium for Brazilian risk that is not completely reflected in Ibovespa returns for only 17 securities. Hence, if one uses the local market index when estimating a firm's cost of equity, it would be both redundant and incorrect to add a country risk premium. The paper concludes with a real company example in which the adoption of the conventional approach -- with a country risk premium added -- would lead to a 17% pricing error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Society is organized in networks. The network perspective is something that should be regarded as inherent to social life, especially when looking at the fact that it is not feasible (or even possible) for a given actor - whether a person or an organization - to live completely independently and isolated from others. These arrangements or network structures are usually addressed in management literature under an organizational perspective and, accordingly, may be formed in contexts ranging from competition, collaboration and a mixed type of relationship. In the latter, players who normally compete instead collaborate to achieve any goal that is held in common. This type of relationship between organizations is denominated competition. This paper proposes abandoning the exclusive adoption of the term and this type of relationship in the meso context. To demonstrate that there is no theoretical argument sufficiently organized that leads researchers to believe that this approach should be linked exclusively to a meso context, this paper makes use of a bibliographic study. As presented, the goal is to show that the concept of coopetition can also be applied to the context of individual relationships (micro). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demands imposed by customers lead front line employees to pursue simultaneous goals that compete for resources. Employees who demonstrate this ability to pursue simultaneous goals are called ambidextrous and are favored when there are organizational factors that enable and encourage them to make their own judgment on how to apply the resources to achieve the goals. In this paper, we extend the discussion of ambidexterity from the organizational level to the individual level. We propose that service provision and cross-/up-selling ambidexterity has an indirect conditional effect in terms of explaining performance. Specifically, this conditional effect means that ambidexterity mediates the effect of locomotion on performance and this indirect effect is moderated by sales control systems. We surveyed 118 laboratory employees and results indicated that locomotion is positively related to individuals' ambidextrous behavior in a relationship moderated by outcome-based control systems, which amplify it. The results also demonstrated that this moderated relationship was mediated by ambidexterity, when explaining performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the effect related diversification strategy has on firm performance. Based on a sample of 70% of US airlines, this piece of research investigates the relationship between the degree of diversification and corporate profitability. Multiple linear regression models of panel data (i.e., 6 years) were tested, with model parameters estimated by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique. We identified that firm performance followed an inverted-U curvilinear pattern. That is, boundary-spanning activities of related diversified firms increase coordination efforts to the extent that, at some point, the benefits of this strategy are offset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology for innovation management, which aims to focus on the needs of micro and small technology-based companies. The development of this methodology occurs in the context of the Brazilian National Project Financier (Financiadora de Estudo e Projetos [FINEP]) program for the structuring of Innovation Management Support Centers (Núcleos de Apoio à Gestão da Inovação [NAGI]), focusing on the elaboration of Innovation Management Plans and Projects in Brazilian companies. A qualitative research was developed in two main stages for the development of the present methodology. The first phase developed a literature review of the main elements for innovation management, especially in the context of micro and small enterprises. In the second phase, five NAGIs were selected from the 24 those approved by MCTIC (now MCTIC: Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication) and FINEP, according to their trajectory up until the time of the research in January 2014. The proposed methodology - Route of Innovation - is based on the Resource Based View (RBV) within a procedural and playful perspective that relates the innovation process to navigating a route. The logic of the islands in the Route of Innovation is based on the stages of the innovation process. The purpose of this approach was to make the methodology easily understood and implemented by micro and small companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the large number of studies on happiness at work in organizations, they are disperse and divergent and thus inconclusive. This makes the evolution of research on this topic and practicioners' decision-making regarding the happiness at work difficult. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this article proposes a perspective that encompasses the knowledge developed so far. To do so, it explores three issues: how happiness at work has been defined; the impact of happiness at work on organizational performance; and, what makes people happy at work. The integrated perspective this paper advances draws on the principles from Kahneman and Riis (2005), mainly focusing on antecedents of happiness at work and their impact on individual behavior in the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relation between executive compensation and performance in Brazilian companies. The analysis focuses on: (a) the motivational effect of contemporary and lagged compensation level and pay elements on financial and market performance; and (b) the hypothesis of pay-performance sensitivity. Based on longitudinal data including 333 companies for the period from 2011 to 2015, our results indicate that the relation between compensation and performance is significant for financial as well as market performance, and for short-term performance as well as long-term performance. Our results also indicate that increases in the level of compensation lead to future superior performance. Finally, our results suggest the existence of bidirectional relationship between compensation and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes gender differences regarding the decision-making process through a methodological approach, which is still insufficiently used in Brazil. However, it is recognized by the international academy: the economic experiment, specifically the Ultimatum Game, included within the scope of Game Theory. The experiment involved 320 participants divided into 5 subgroups moderated by gender. The results showed that in the process of interaction between individuals, the utility function must be understood not only as based on the premise of maximizing economic results, but it should take into account individual social preferences. Thus, one of the main findings was the identification of a major male predisposition for rejection of proposals coming from women, despite being comparatively more generous. Furthermore, women were observed to be more generous in their offerings compared with men. These finding are pioneering in Brazil and can be considered as an indicator of the influence gender has in the decision-making process, with important implications for the organizational environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This theoretical essay discusses the issue of race relations in Brazil and explores its interfaces with studies on diversity management in organizations. Therefore, it seeks to problematize this field's appropriation of American studies, pushing to the background -- or even ignoring -- studies on race relations developed in Brazilian anthropology and sociology. This questioning helps us realize that organizational studies in Brazil have been displaced in this debate, either by the assumption that our diversity management should follow Anglo-Saxon parameters, or by the distance that the area has maintained from Brazilian studies that address racial minorities and their dynamic relations. The final part of the paper retrieves two important works produced under Brazilian studies on race relations and, from them, examines this debate's contributions to the study of Brazilian organizations. The paper concludes by drawing researchers' attention to the need to rescue the Brazilian debate as a way of contextualizing diversity management in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic fraud committed by higher education students is a problem with institutional and social ramifications, with undesired effects on labor market efficiency and compromising societal trust in organizations, and is especially serious for future managers. This paper studies the attitudes business and economics students have towards academic fraud, their perceptions of the frequency and gravity of the various types of fraud by committed by fellow students, and their opinions on factors that motivate or inhibit it. The paper proposes a new four-dimensional framework for analyzing fraud and proposes two new indicators to evaluate predisposition to commit fraud (PCF) and to evaluate predisposition to denounce fraud (PDF). Empirically, 1,276 students from Portuguese universities were surveyed using a new projective questionnaire, which was answered in person in the classroom. Results show that the highest incidence of fraud is associated with written exam assessment and that denunciation is almost non-existent. Buying and selling academic work is seen as the most condemnable fraudulent behavior. Higher PCF is found among the worst students and those less committed to their course or university. The primary reason for ethical misconduct is related to academic achievement and the main factor preventing it is dissuasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Queer theory initially developed in the nineties in the social sciences and humanities, especially in literary and linguistic studies, and was later incorporated into organizational studies. However, despite its application to organizational studies there is a lack of debate about its concepts and meanings. Thus, this article aims to deepen and review the debate about the concepts and meanings related to queer theory, focusing on the concepts related to identity and subjectivity production. To fulfill this purpose queer concepts about identity, subject, performativity, performance and identification are presented and discussed. It is argued that queer theory is a verb (action) rather than a noun (identity) and the application of its concepts is not only restricted to studies on gender, sexuality and minorities. Finally, the paper discusses the expansion of the application of queer concepts to other forms of hegemonic identity categories present in the corporate world of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Brazilian anti-smoking movement has led to the development of laws that threaten the legitimacy of companies in the sector. The companies can adopt strategic rhetorical actions in order to gain, maintain or recover legitimacy. Such actions are visible in company governance reports (GR) and characterized as social communication. Thus, this study aimed to verify how the leader in the tobacco industry, Souza Cruz S/A, used GR content as strategic rhetoric instruments for legitimacy between 1986 and 2012. Organizational institutionalism is used as the theoretical framework of this paper and data was treated to content analysis. Analysis of Souza Cruz S/A reports show efforts to maintain legitimacy during the analyzed period by using elements of rhetoric (logos, pathos and ethos) to defend its claims that: (a) smoking is an rational adult choice, (b) legislation supports illegal cigarette trade; and (c) company activities bring benefits to society. This study shows that is possible to use governance reports as a source of analysis in organizational studies, presents rhetoric as strategy and invites managers to reflect about the environmental influence on organizational strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the relationship between the managerial and supervisory roles played by the boards of directors of 108 companies listed on BM&FBovespa's (Brazilian stock market) Novo Mercado and corporate governance variables reported by academic literature that could potentially interfere with the dominance of this role in board meetings. The dominant role was verified through a content analysis based on Schwartz-Ziv and Weisbach's model (2013), while logistic and beta regressions were used to evaluate the determinants, respectively using the ratio of management topics over the total and a binary classification according to this dominance. Board minutes and tax forms from 2010-2013 were analyzed for companies with data for the entire period. Boards were found to play a managerial role more often than a supervisory one, with the most important variables for determining the role are the presence of an ex-CEO on the board and the existence of a fiscal council, with both contributing positively to the predominance for managerial over supervisory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we suggest that an employee's ambidexterity mediates the negative effect of job stress on sales performance. The traditional literature posits ambidexterity as mediator in the context of product development, strategic flexibility and dynamic nature of the environment. We extend the ambidexterity literature by positing it as a mediator in the relationship between stress and sales performance. A survey was developed with 307 frontline bank employees who sell products and services and manage client accounts in banks. The findings showed that the ability of the salespeople to balance provision activities with sales services activities improves ambidexterity, which in turn has a positive impact on performance. The results also showed that the negative effect of perception of role ambiguity about performance measurement (work satisfaction and sales) is mediated by a salesperson's ambidextrous behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Credit issued directly to consumers is processed in volume through credit-scoring computer models that analyze a large number of potential clients in order to eliminate those that have poor payment histories. This avoids financial losses that arise from payment default. However, by refusing consumers who might default based on purely financial criteria, these models also refuse a large number of consumers with potentially good payment behavior, which can also reduce retailers' potential gains. The main objective of this paper is to verify whether corporate earnings can improve by considering the operating margin when defining the cutoff for direct lending to consumers. We used a statistical measure known as the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the approach offered by Stein (2005) to build simulations around real market values, which allowed us to confirm that by being flexible and taking into account the operating margin, companies may improve net earnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to understand contemporary circuses from an organizational heterotopia perspective by carrying out a theoretical approach between Practice-based Studies in Organizational Studies and the concept of heterotopias, developed by Michel Foucault. Through a multi-sited ethnography focused on the organizational processes of contemporary circuses in Brazil and Canada, we identified sets of organizational practices altering the relationships of forces in the field of Arts in the researched contexts, resulting in the production of other spaces -- or heterotopias, according to Michel Foucault -- in society enabling the circuses to be constituted as organizations. We present the concept of organizational heterotopias as a theoretical contribution to analyze organizations based on socio-spatial multiplicity. The methodological contribution of this paper is the introduction of multi-sited ethnography as a research strategy for studies on organizational processes established in different cultural contexts and locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil has witnessed, in recent decades, radical transformations in its religious composition, with a great proliferation of evangelical churches, which compete with each other, adopting active and mobilizing positions, typical of productive enterprises. This paper analyzes some dimensions of this reality, in light of proposals from the Rational Choice of Religion approach, which is still little explored in Brazil. Thus, it makes clear to administration scholars, still absent from the area, the importance and scale of the observed phenomenon, and also the relevance of the new theoretical framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific production has been the focus of many discussions, particularly regarding the issue of scientific productivity. This study analyzes the profile and publications of academics (PhDs) working in the field of management in Brazil and their respective scientific publications, in order to identify the factors that explain this particular aspect of scientific productivity. Using descriptive statistics and statistical models based on data about 1976 researchers registered on the Brazilian Lattes database which compiles Brazilian academic researchers' curriculum vitaes, the study identified factors related to academic education and experience that have an impact on academics' scientific productivity in Management. Research results also indicate that important changes in the patterns of academic education and productivity are taking place in Brazil. Considering the centrality of scientific productivity, the paper suggests new studies to increase discourse regarding the future path of intellectual production and graduate management programs in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to being used in the teaching process, Business Games are used as research tools, as pointed out by Gentry, Tice, Robertson and Gentry (1984). This qualitative, quantitative and descriptive study is characterized as an integrative review regarding methodology, and deals with the following research problem: what are the characteristics of Brazilian academic research articles on business games, considering their approach to the phenomenon, theoretical background and methodological aspects? A total of 226 articles published in online scientific journals, as well as the Spell indexer and in conferences were analyzed. Results produced a proposed typology for the classification of research in business games, considering: (a) research approach to the phenomenon; and (b) theoretical themes. A predominance of studies was observed to focus on simulations as research objects - SARO (77.9%), while 22.1% use business simulations as a research environment - SARE. Among the studies, 38.5% were found to not mention any of the methodological classifications analyzed. The paper discusses some methodological weaknesses identified in the research area. Although classification is not instrumental in determining the quality of a study, it is evidence of consistency in the reflection process and of cohesion in the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenomenography is a little-known qualitative research methodology in organizational studies. It aims to capture the various conceptions individuals have about a phenomenon, that is, the different qualitative ways to experience and conceive of it (Marton, 1981; Marton & Booth, 1997; Sandberg, 2000). This theoretical paper aimed to shed light on the research experience using the method, explaining unexpected emergent findings not reported in the literature, via an empirical study with HR professionals on valuing knowledge in the context of work. The research revealed five conceptions, which were arranged in a logical, hierarchical, comprehensive, and interdependent manner, as stated by the method. Then, a focus group (Goldman & McDonald, 1987) with prototypical and representative participants of the categories was held in order to validate the descriptive categories and enhance understanding of the unexpected emergent findings. The serendipitous findings unveiled: (a) the capacity of phenomenography to capture subjects' two-way movement across conceptions in experiencing the phenomenon; (b) the uninterrupted continuum between the conceptions; and (c) the dynamic trajectory of individuals through conceptions in time and space, using them as modes of action to guide their behavior in relation to diverse contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a meta-analysis of antecedents and consequences of materialistic behavior among children and adolescents. We detected 42 studies, selected from five databases, which generated 53 effect sizes involving an aggregate sample of 9,283 children and adolescents. We proposed a theoretical model based on four antecedents, four consequents and three moderating variables. The results showed a direct and significant relation between materialistic behavior by children and adolescents in most of the antecedent and consequent variables. Furthermore, we found that life satisfaction held a negative relation with materialistic behavior. As for the moderating effects, we confirmed that survey location has a significant influence on effect sizes. Regarding the moderating effect of the sample size and country of application, they do not exert influence on the effect size. In addition to its outcomes, this meta-analysis offers a remarkable theoretical contribution, which provides a consistent theoretical review that resulted in the quantitative integration of the main constructs associated with the antecedents and consequents of materialistic behavior in children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze three configuration variables of the competitive environment of commercial banks in Brazil: regulation, industry concentration and technology. Semi-structured interviews and a Delphi Panel were conducted with thirteen experts from the banking industry, including executives, managers and academics. Through content analysis, the main results highlighted were: a tendency for maintenance of industry concentration with restricted spaces for small- and medium-sized banks; possible disruptions in the competitive arena due to new technologies and the consolidation of the cell phone as the main catalyst of bank transactions and means of payment. The research supports the theoretical arguments about the ephemerality of strategic groups and contributes to the discussion and choice for coherent indicators to measure competitive advantage in commercial banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kashyap, Antia and Frazier (2011) studied the effects of extra contractual incentives and monitoring over franchisee enforcement. Heide, Wathne and Rokkan (2007) found significant interactions among the types of monitoring, damaging opportunism. This paper extends prior discussion of monitoring and incentives over performance, for which we did not find evidence in the literature. We studied an industrial relationship between a store and its shopping center management. The results showed that the dependence on shopping center expertise, monitoring and compliance policy were associated with performance. Second, monitoring interferes in these direct relationships, moderating them. Specifically, the moderating effect decreases or increases store performance. Third, results show these inverted U-shaped associations better explained performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper's goal was to investigate the effect different forms of price presentation have on Brazilian customers' evaluations regarding the following variables: purchase intentions, word-of-mouth communications, trust in advertising, perceived value, and perception of expensive prices. We use the literature suggested by Smith and Nagle (2005a, b) and Krishna, Briesch, Lehmann, and Yuan (2002), in which they suggested that perceived value of price explains customer judgments. Findings from Study 1 indicated that when price is presented in the form of R$ 2,299.00 at the competitors, R$ 1,599.00 here (versus the control group with the traditional price), the retailer had better results in terms of customer purchase intentions. This finding was achieved for products with both high involvement and high monetary value: i.e., values over $ 1,500.00. Outcomes from Study 2, which was based on a low involvement product, a hair dryer, on a specific date in the retail calendar, Mother's Day, showed that the price presented as only this weekend significantly increased customer purchase intentions. Study 3 supported that a 5% discount (vs. regular price vs. 10% vs. 15%) resulted in greater positive impact on buying intention. The paper contributes to price theory by supporting the assumption that price presentation positively influences buying intention, confirming the arguments of Nagle, Hogan and Zale (2011), Urbany, Bearden and Weilbaker (1988) and rejecting the studies by Blech (1981), Golden (1979), and Goodwin and Etgar (1980). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This theoretical paper discusses the concept of competitive advantage by identifying the challenges the field of business strategy faces in obtaining a precise and operational definition that links the concept to firm performance. Starting by the analysis and consolidation of literature in the area, we explicitly display the gaps and lack of differentiation between the constructs of competitive advantage and performance. This paper provides a definition based on the superior creation of value, with value defined as the difference between customers' willingness to pay and suppliers' opportunity cost. This definition suggests that the value created can be divided into three parts: the value appropriated by the firm, the customers' surplus, and the suppliers' surplus. Each part has implications for firm performance: while the appropriated value reveals the profit level, the value not appropriated can be translated into growth and operational performance. Regarding the operationalization of competitive advantage, we discuss aspects related to comparison between firms and the temporal observation of the event. As the main result of this discussion, we explore the causal logic between competitive advantage and performance and conclude that competitive advantage cannot be depicted by the observation of a unique variable, as it is imprecise and does not measure the extent of impacts strategic decisions have. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]