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This paper focuses on the role of antimony oxide (up to 15 wt%) in the physical, structural, optical, and radiation attenuating characteristics of boro-bismuth glasses within B 2 O 3 -20Bi 2 O 3 - 20Na 2 O 2 - Sb 2 O 3 system. This glass system was prepared by melting at 1250°C and quenching into water. The physical properties were studied by measuring the density, molar volume, and x-ray diffraction for the prepared glass system. The structural features were investigated by determining packing density, passion ratio, oxygen packing density, and oxygen molar volume. The optical attributes were explored by evaluating bandgap, Urbach energy, refractive index, and other related parameters such as dielectric constant, reflection loss, molar polarizability, molar refractivity, optical dielectric constant, optical electronegativity, electron polarizability, optical basicity, metallization, and cut-off wavelength. On the other hand, the shielding properties of the prepared glasses were studied against different types of radiation such as gamma, electron, proton, and neutron beams. The radiation studies were carried out by utilizing Geant4 simulations and the newly developed Phy-X/PSD program. The radiation-shielding characteristics of the present samples were examined in terms of mass attenuation coefficient, stopping power, half value layer, removal cross section, mean free path, and effective atomic number of gamma, electron, and proton beams. The results showed that antimony oxide content had an important influence on the shielding ability against all of the types of radiations. Additionally, the obtained results were compared with those of standard radiation shields. It can be concluded that the present glasses have a promising future to be used as radiation shielding material, wherein the antimony oxide concentration can be balanced according to the desired application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]