1. Impact of ultrasonication time on elution of super heavy oil and its biomarkers from aging soils using a Triton X-100 micellar solution
- Author
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Ji, Guodong and Zhou, Guohui
- Subjects
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SONICATION treatment (Water purification) , *INDUSTRIAL applications of ultrasonic waves , *HEAVY oil , *BIOMARKERS , *AGE of soils , *MICELLES , *SOLUTION (Chemistry) , *SCANNING electron microscopy - Abstract
Abstract: An ultrasound-enhanced elution system with Triton X-100 solution was used to remediate aging soils contaminated with super heavy oil. We used GC/MS, SEM, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to analyze the effect of ultrasonic time (0–1800s) on the elution of super heavy oil and its three characteristic biomarkers (C26–34 17α 25-norhopanes, C26–28 triaromatic steroid [TAS], and C27–29 methyl triaromatic steroid [MTAS]). The oil and biomarkers remaining in the treated soils followed similar second-order functions with increasing ultrasonication times. Biomarker elution was closely related to carbon numbers in the marker. For C26–34 17α 25-norhopanes, the smaller molecules were more readily eluted during 0–360s ultrasound. This trend was reversed upon application of ultrasound during 1080–1800s, with improved elution of larger molecules and elution followed a similar second-order function. For C26–28 TAS, smaller molecules were more readily eluted but the elution of larger molecules followed a similar second-order function. For C27–29 MTAS, elution of larger molecules was close to that of C26–34 17α 25-norhopanes. Results of SEM and XRD indicated that the mineral and chemical compositions of soils eluted at ultrasonication times of 1080–1800s closely resembled clean soils. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
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