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Contemporary healthcare for those experiencing mental illness requires healthcare practitioners (HCPs) to effectively incorporate the prescription of exercise in their treatment, in accordance with clinical guidelines. However, there has been a lack of effective implementation of such recommendations. The purpose of this review was to identify barriers to exercise prescription in the treatment of people diagnosed with mental illness as perceived by HCPs. APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PubMed electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published in the period from January 2005 to September 2023. A total of 18 papers were included for thematic synthesis. Four key themes were identified across the qualitative (8), quantitative (6), and mixed method (4) papers, including a lack of knowledge and confidence of HCPs in prescribing exercise; role and responsibility; HCPs' misconceptions of client barriers; and systemic issues impacting exercise prescription practices. A lack of knowledge or confidence was the most common barrier. Some HCPs indicated a desire to develop their skills in exercise prescription, while others indicated a preference for an exercise professional to take responsibility for this aspect of treatment. Systemic barriers were spread across a range of issues, with lack of time, excessive workload, and difficulties accessing qualified staff most commonly cited. This review provides further insight into the barriers to exercise prescription faced by HCPs and makes recommendations regarding how to address these barriers in order to better implement clinical guidelines and thus improve the quality of treatment provided to people diagnosed with a mental illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last three census data highlighted that UK Bangladeshi communities have the worst health outcomes. This includes a higher risk of type two diabetes and heart diseases; both are risk factors for developing vascular dementia. However, little is known about Bangladeshi community members' understandings of dementia, including cultural myths. This paper focuses on the cultural myths, superstitions, and stigma surrounding dementia in an English Bangladeshi community from the direct experiences of people living with dementia, their caregivers, and the views of dementia service providers/stakeholders. This qualitative research was undertaken with three distinct participant groups using semistructured interviews (n = 25), who were recruited from community settings. The first and second participant groups explored the experiences of people with dementia (n = 10) and their family caregivers (n = 10). The third group examined stakeholders'/service providers' views (n = 5). Interviews were recorded digitally and transcribed verbatim. Findings were reached using an interpretive approach, emphasising the sense people make in their own lives and experiences and how they frame and understand dementia. The study revealed that participants with dementia and their caregivers have "alternative" knowledge about dementia and do not necessarily understand dementia in a Westernised scientific/biomedical context. Misconceptions about dementia and belief in various myths and superstitions can lead people to go to spiritual healers or practice traditional remedies rather than to their GPs, delaying their dementia diagnosis. This paper concludes that there is a lack of awareness among the Bangladeshi participants and a need for targeted awareness about dementia to help dispel cultural myths and combat the stigma surrounding dementia within the Bangladeshi community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. This study aims to elucidate the gender gaps in the strategies for maintaining the social participation and interaction of older adults with people in a local community. Methods. The subjects were 130 older adults aged 65 years or older and independently living in their homes in Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. The authors conducted an anonymous questionnaire survey on paper and performed multiple regression analysis for men and women separately using the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6) as the dependent variable. Results. Among the independent variables used for the analysis, those that significantly influenced LSNS-6 in men were social activities related to the daily life satisfaction of the elderly (SARDS). The independent variables that significantly influenced LSNS-6 in women were SARDS, sense of coherence-13 (SOC-13), and the number of family members living with the subjects. Discussion. Health promotion is not associated with interaction with people in men compared with women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration to South Africa is motivated by the pursuit of employment, safety, and improved living conditions. However, immigrants encounter significant challenges, such as restricted access to essential services, which were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Malawian immigrants in South Africa, addressing the lack of attention given to this immigrant population by highlighting their vulnerabilities. Using a qualitative exploratory and descriptive approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 Malawi immigrants who were over 18 years old and had established residency in South Africa before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Five key stakeholders were also interviewed for additional perspectives and to ensure triangulation and improve data reliability. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis strategies and coding with Nvivo12 software. The study highlighted the exacerbated struggles of Malawian immigrants in South Africa amid the COVID-19 pandemic, uncovering systemic discrimination in healthcare, marked by longer wait times and reluctance from health workers to treat undocumented immigrants. The study also revealed a dire security situation, with immigrants living in high-crime areas and feeling particularly targeted due to their foreign status, a situation worsened by the pandemic's economic effects. Additionally, the economic downturn induced by COVID-19 significantly impacted employment opportunities, with many immigrants facing prolonged unemployment and job losses, especially in sectors where they traditionally found work. The detailed accounts of participants highlight not only the multifaceted challenges imposed by the pandemic but also the critical need for inclusive policies and support systems that ensure healthcare access, safety, and economic resilience for immigrants, particularly during global health emergencies. Future research should focus on effective interventions for socioeconomic integration and well-being, particularly for immigrants from other African countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health services research is important in improving health systems' and providers' efficiency and effectiveness. This may require health services to intervene at an individual and community level to address people's complex social issues. An important issue is social connections, which have been identified as a social determinant of health and can help buffer stressful life events. Social support networks can be visualized using eco-maps, a tool that originated in child welfare practices and has been adopted widely by clinicians and researchers. This paper aims to understand where and how eco-maps have been used in health services research. To answer the research questions, this scoping review used the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews. In total, 70 studies were included in the scoping review. The authors found that social support denoted in an eco-map does not guarantee the provision of support; however, the dialogue needed to create an eco-map could facilitate conversations about care expectations, identification of vulnerable points or risk factors, and actions to improve family and individual functioning. A significant gap remains in the knowledge and use of eco-maps in identifying population service and resource gaps and how to bridge the knowledge-to-action chasm better. Further exploration is needed to examine how to optimize the application of eco-mapping in the health services context, including generating guidelines, templates, or instructions for implementation. Therefore, addressing this gap is vital for ensuring eco-mapping informs future service design and policy changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been an increasing acknowledgement in the UK of the importance of recognising frailty as a condition that leaves older people vulnerable to dramatic, sudden changes in health triggered by seemingly small events. In policy, the approach to managing frailty is often an emphasis on staying well with limited consideration to frailty as an end-of-life phase. Meanwhile, discharge from hospital continues to be complex. Overstretched acute hospitals are juxtaposed with community and social services that struggle to keep up with the demand of those being discharged and the labelling of older people as "bed blockers" at the centre of delayed discharges. This paper reports a study underpinned by constructivist grounded theory methodology, with the aim of exploring the experiences and perceptions of stakeholders. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 57 participants including patients, their informal carer(s), community hospital staff, community health professionals, and care home managers. The core category of "the drive to discharge conveyor belt" was derived from data analysis. A significant finding of this study was that of the carer, their burden, and their intrinsic role in facilitating discharge, filling in gaps in services, coordinating services, and enabling the patient to stay at home, with little consideration of their choices or autonomy. The "drive to discharge" impacts older people, their informal carers, and health professional. This study suggests how they may be supported, through an ethical lens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing health inequities for migrants is a huge challenge shared globally. Based on big data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2017, this paper applied Ordered Logit models and Logit models to examine the effect of health education on the health of migrants. Propensity score matching and instrumental variable were also employed to solve the endogenous problem. This paper found a significant health promotion effect of health education on the health of migrants, which remained significant after a series of robustness check. Further analysis showed that consultative health education is more effective than nonconsultative health education. Meanwhile, the positive association between health education and migrants' health behavior was identified which provided empirical evidence for knowledge, attitude, and practices theory. Heterogeneity analyses supported that health education has a stronger effect on migrants who were female, elderly, highly educated, and did not have chronic diseases than on those who were male, younger, less educated, and had chronic diseases. This paper demonstrates that health education is an important health promotion factor for migrants empirically and that the government should take actions to provide sufficient and targeted health education for migrants to promote their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the healthcare provisions for migrants in Qatar. Migration and health are intricately entwined in the GCC states, with ramifications for both migrants and their host countries in the Gulf. The GCC states are home to nearly 30 million non-national residents or migrants, constituting the largest concentration of temporary migrants in the world. The provision of healthcare services to such a large migrant population presents a tremendous challenge for most Gulf states. It is worth pointing out that migration to the GCC states is inherently transient in nature, which further compounds the healthcare challenge. This paper explores how the GCC states respond to the rising demand for migrant healthcare by focusing on healthcare infrastructure and healthcare provisions for migrants in Qatar. The study reveals that Qatar has invested heavily in the expansion of healthcare infrastructure in tandem with its growing migrant population. Qatar offers healthcare services to the increasing migrant population through the Hamad health card, which allows its holders to access public healthcare services. This study suggests that there is a need for more expansion of public healthcare facilities to meet the expanding healthcare needs in coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abuse of animals is evident in different contexts. This article takes two discrete bodies of literature: threats and actual harm to animals in the context of domestic abuse and sex offending in the context of animal abuse. The reviews focus on the implications for risk assessment and risk management and explore the following questions: What is the international evidence base for threats or violence towards animals, with a specific focus on risk assessment, in the context of domestic abuse? What is the international evidence base for threats or violence towards animals, with a specific focus on risk assessment, in the context of sex offending? What similarities and differences are evident in the approaches in the two bodies of literature? A scoping review methodology was applied to the two bodies of animal abuse literature. The domestic abuse literature elicited 27 studies for full inclusion, while the sex-offending literature examined 15 papers. A broad analysis of the literature was taken to understand the implications for risk assessment and risk management. In the context of risk assessment, the literature indicates that threats or harm towards animals, including the sex abuse of animals, has the potential to be used in four ways: (1) animal abuse as an indicator of domestic abuse; (2) childhood animal abuse as a signal of other problems within a household; (3) animal abuse as an indicator of more severe domestic abuse; and (4) the inclusion of pet abuse as a unique form of domestic abuse. The comparison of the literature on animal abuse and animal sex abuse highlighted not only different approaches theoretically and methodologically but also important similarities. Both literature highlighted gaps in risk assessment, risk management, and the lack of identification and training in this neglected area of the service system prevention and response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. China will inevitably enter a medium, severe, or deep aging society in the future, and the number of elderly people living alone is also increasing. Mental health is a major issue for older people living alone. With the deepening of aging, social participation has become an important way to promote mental health and improve the quality of life of the elderly. Methods. This study uses data from Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Based on the CLHLS data of 2018, this paper uses multiple ordered logistic models to measure the mental health level of elderly people living alone through two dimensions of depression and anxiety and carries out a heterogeneity analysis on the mental health level of elderly people living alone. Results. The analysis of 2477 elderly people living alone shows that the increase of social participation in simple communication can reduce the degree of depression and anxiety of elderly people living alone, and the decrease of social participation in self-recreation can reduce the degree of depression and anxiety of elderly people living alone. In addition, the heterogeneity analysis found that the heterogeneity of social participation was more significant among the elderly living alone with different genders, ages, places of residence, and self-care abilities. Limitations. This study has some limitations, and CES-D-10 is a screening tool and cannot fully determine the presence of depression in high-rise older adults living alone. Conclusions. In the future, primary healthcare-targeted interventions can be provided according to the different degrees of depression and anxiety of elderly people living alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anemia is a global public health problem, especially common among children in developing countries, which affects their physical and mental health development. However, there is currently a lack of research on the relationship between anemia and academic performance. The objective of this study was to explore the association between anemia and academic performance, and the possible factors mediating this association among Chinese children. The data for this study came from the baseline survey of the Chinese Education Panel Survey Elementary School Cohort. The cohort was conducted from September 2018 to June 2019 in 160 elementary schools, covering 20 provinces and 40 counties/districts throughout China. Paper-based questionnaires were used, completed by 4th grade students, parents, head teachers, main teachers, and principals. The data used included questionnaire responses, physical measurements, and academic performance of 17,695 students. Based on students' hemoglobin levels and school altitude data, we grouped them into anemia and nonanemia categories using WHO criteria. The anemia group had 1,154 individuals, while the nonanemia group had 16,541 individuals. An ordinary least squares regression and mediation effect analysis were conducted. Our findings found the prevalence of anemia was 6.52% among Chinese Grade 4 students. Students without anemia had a higher average test score for three academic subjects than students with anemia (P < 0.001); their test scores for Chinese, Mathematics, and English were also higher (P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed a negative association between anemia and average test scores as well as individual test scores for the three subjects. Mediation analysis found that anemia affected academic performance directly (P < 0.05), and indirectly by decreasing the cognition score (P < 0.05). The indirect effect was 19.9% of the total effect. Findings highlighted anemia affected academic performance both directly and indirectly. Nutrition-related interventions should be implemented to prevent a decrease in academic performance among students with anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The health benefits of medical care services for older adults have been well known. This study aims to identify trajectories of medical care accessibility and their impacts on Chinese older adults' psychological well-being to enrich findings on health outcomes of medical care accessibility. Methods. This study included 2660 participants aged 65 years and older from the 2005–2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, and this paper used the latent class growth model to analyze the heterogeneous trajectories of medical care accessibility among Chinese older adults. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was also used to explore whether the trajectories of medical care accessibility impact the psychological well-being of Chinese older adults and its heterogeneity among different subgroups of older adults. Results. Three distinct trajectories of medical care accessibility "maintaining high accessibility" (n = 2230, 84.1%), "medium to high accessibility" (n = 222, 8.10%), and "high to low accessibility" (n = 208, 7.80%) were identified, respectively. Regression results show that older adults maintaining high accessibility to medical care reported well psychological well-being. This result was particularly evident among older adults in urban and eastern areas. Discussion. Our findings highlight the importance of maintaining high accessibility to medical care and reducing inequalities in the accessibility to medical care for increasing psychological well-being of Chinese older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social participation is positively related to mental health recovery and wellbeing, yet people with mental health problems are often socially isolated. This article investigates how social participation was incorporated into an Australian-integrated program that aimed to improve the wellbeing of people with chronic mental health needs. The data are from a longitudinal evaluation of the integrated program, including data linkage (5533 participants) and interviews (111). The paper uses concepts from the network perspective of social capital (bonding, bridging, linking, horizontal, and vertical) as lenses to re-examine the evaluation's findings about the consumers' social participation in life areas (social, leisure, and productive) facilitated by the program. This social capital perspective offers a lens to examine the breadth and intensity of participation experienced by the consumers taking part in the support program. The article adds to the literature about how service providers can improve social participation and therefore consumers' opportunities for recovery and wellbeing. The analyses found that the support increased people's social interaction and their capacity in the community. Their social interaction was mostly with other people in the service. Often their interactions in the community were only transactional. Few consumers participated in activities in productive life areas, and few of the activities promoted vertical social capital in social networks outside the service. The implications are that service providers need greater attention on facilitating a variety of social participation activities that can extend mental health consumers' horizontal and vertical social capital and so further contribute to their current and future recovery and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most long-term care systems (social care) for older people rely on some means testing, copayment system, private insurance, or other non-governmental funding to supplement state provision. In England, an estimated quarter of homecare delivery is funded privately. For many older people, the absence of state funding for their care is only part of the problem: they are also expected to search for care in a market characterised by complexity, plurality, and imperfect information. Surprisingly, there are few services available to support private funders to navigate the system. This paper examines willingness to pay for care navigation and seeks to classify heterogeneity of preferences for navigation support. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey was completed by 182 participants across England in 2020-21. The results of the random parameter logit model used to analyse preferences showed that people valued information about care options (quality, information, and finances), but they also wanted help to "think things through," as processing information could be challenging. Generally, participants valued what the navigation service provided, more than how the services were organised and delivered. The study also used latent class analysis to identify four groups with similar preferences, with almost half of participants (48%) expressing high willingness to pay for a comprehensive navigation service. The other three classes represented those with preferences focused on a narrower set of attributes: fast access to information (20%), affordable help to "think things through" (18%), and information provided by their local council (14%). The study demonstrates the potential demand and likely take-up of navigation support if made available to people who pay privately for care. Future research needs to examine the barriers to market development for social care navigation services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a need to evaluate community support programmes for elderly people. In this randomized control trial (RCT), we determined the effectiveness of 'friendly visitors' in a volunteer programme of a visiting nurses organization in Southern Ontario, Canada. The Volunteer Friendly Visitor Programme was developed to support elderly people receiving homemaking and nursing care in the community. Volunteers are screened, trained, interviewed and matched to homebound elderly clients for general interest, visit expectations and personality. Volunteers spend three to four hours on average per week with clients socializing in mutually agreed‐upon ways. The nursing staff identified clients who were lonely for this additional support. These newly‐referred clients were randomly allocated to receive a friendly visitor or not for six weeks. Those receiving the volunteer visitor improved in life satisfaction and two social support measures: worth and social integration. Thus, the addition of volunteer visitors to planned homemaking and nursing care made a difference for elderly in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the health status of the aboriginal population in Canada. Survey of the disability and the type of support services provided for the aborigines; Focus on activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living; Reference to the 1991 Aboriginal Peoples Survey.

Safeguarding for healthcare involves working together to protect adults, children, and young people at risk of harm. Despite global research and national guidance outlining health professionals' roles in this regard, there is limited knowledge about the type of strategies used to mobilise safeguarding research to practitioners in England. Our critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) sought to explore how safeguarding knowledge is mobilised to enable practitioners to use research effectively. This synthesis aimed to bridge the theory-practice gap in mobilising safeguarding knowledge to practitioners. Knowledge mobilisation (KMb) is an emerging discipline concerned with moving knowledge across communities to catalyse change. This review aimed to build understanding about how safeguarding knowledge is mobilised for healthcare in England and to synthesise the type of approaches undertaken to protect adults and children from harms, including abuse. A critical interpretive synthesis was undertaken using KMb theory and computer-assisted modelling technologies for secondary thematic analysis of complex literature of relevance, including qualitative research, reviews, and reports. Few papers informed how safeguarding knowledge is mobilised for healthcare in England. Learning from experience dominated the literature in three ways: (i) crisis response, (ii) practice engagement, and (iii) influencing actions (for "best" practice). Embedding safeguarding knowledge and skills in healthcare settings usually followed a crisis response. Learning from experience showed movement between practice engagement and influencing actions for adult and/or child protection. KMb might be useful in supporting the implementation of evidence-based safeguarding for practice. CIS identified a gap in how safeguarding research is mobilised to practitioners for healthcare. KMb theory provided an analytical bridge to computer-assisted modelling of factors associated with moving learning from experience to learning in practice. Future research could build on hybrid synthesising of safeguarding functions and impacts for healthcare, to enable practitioners to protect adults and children from multiple harms, including violence and abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to establish strategies of coping with COVID-19 pandemic adopted by the clients of social assistance from the perspective of social workers. The qualitative research among Polish social workers and family assistants was conducted from September to November 2021. Based on 30 in-depth interviews with social work professionals, groups of social assistance clients' behaviours were identified and classified into the theoretical models of reactions to social change by Merton and Giddens. The following types of behaviour have been selected and categorized into four groups of reactions when dealing with social workers in a pandemic situation: coolheaded calculation, defiance, confusion, and adaptation. At the same time, reactions to the situation of social change were categorized into one of the strategies of active or passive behaviour: innovation, contestation, retreat, and acceptance. In addition, we discussed the impact of clients' coping strategies on social workers and established three attitudes of the surveyed social workers: adapting to the pandemic situation and customer behaviour, assuming the role of an emotional buffer and informant, and expecting support from superiors and coworkers. Knowing the behaviour of social assistance clients in a challenging situation makes it possible to adopt tailor-made measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vulnerable communities (including people from refugee, Indigenous, culturally and linguistically diverse, and low socioeconomic backgrounds) represent the most at-risk populations facing inequities and negative health, economic, and social outcomes. The recent COVID-19 pandemic both highlighted and fuelled these disparities. Community gardening has emerged as a community-based solution to address these inequities, yet the research literature has largely considered outcomes for the general population rather than those with the most need. This paper represents the first systematic review to summarise the evidence on the broad impact of community gardening on outcomes for vulnerable populations. A systematic search of 13 databases (PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, Education Source, Education Resources Information Center, Psychology and Behavioral Science Collection, SocINDEX, and Allied Health and Complementary Medicine Database) for English language articles from 1985 to 2022 was conducted. There were 33 studies identified where females were substantially overrepresented in the studies compared to males, and the main criteria for vulnerability included low socioeconomic-status and culturally diverse populations. Findings revealed that community gardening provides a wide range of benefits for vulnerable populations, with social connection, health, education, and nutrition being the more commonly cited. A relative emphasis on benefits of social connections, education, and nutrition is apparent for vulnerable populations in comparison to reviews considering the general population. The quality of studies was evaluated as moderate with little information provided about program characteristics. These shortcomings reduce the understanding of what characteristics are most likely to result in improvements and limit the capacity of practitioners to translate research into policy and practice for vulnerable communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To review the prevalence of loneliness (during/after COVID-19) in older people. Design. Scoping review using Medline and PsycInfo for worldwide prevalence estimates (white published literature search) and Google for prevalence data inside the Euregio Meuse-Rhine (grey literature). Setting. Worldwide prevalence estimates and a focus on the Euregio Meuse-Rhine. Participants. Papers published between 2016 and 2022 and a mean age of minimum of 65 years. Measurements. Prevalence estimates for older people. Results. The white literature search yielded 37 articles. Before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, loneliness estimates were the highest in Nigeria (46%) and the lowest in Australia (5%) (mean prevalence was 25.6%). Loneliness was reported to be higher in specific populations, for example, people living in specific communities such as senior housing communities or with impairments, than in the general population, with a mean prevalence estimate of 47.8%. During COVID-19, the prevalence of loneliness was higher than that before the pandemic: we observed a mean prevalence of 39.4%, in comparison to 25.6 before COVID-19. The grey literature search showed that, compared to Belgium and the Netherlands (13.5% and 36.5%, respectively), loneliness estimates were the lowest in Germany, with a mean prevalence of 7.7%. Conclusion. Large international differences in the prevalence of loneliness were observed between countries and populations studied. Several hypotheses could explain such differences, including sociocultural or historical-political characteristics. Without surprise, the pandemic and associated measures were linked to a higher level of loneliness. Furthermore, recommendations for addressing loneliness, including interventions, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 vaccination is particularly challenging among populations who have experienced discrimination in healthcare settings. This paper presents qualitative findings from in-depth interviews about COVID-19 vaccination conducted in Australia between October 2020 and November 2021. Data from four different studies are presented; each population has unique experiences of discrimination within the healthcare system: Aboriginal people; people who inject drugs (PWID); people living with HIV (PLHIV); and gay and bisexual men (GBM). Analyses were guided by the behavioural and social determinants model that forms the basis of the World Health Organization's "data for action: achieving high uptake of COVID-19 vaccines" interim guidance. All populations viewed vaccination as necessary for community protection, although narratives of community care were most common among Aboriginal people. Concerns about vaccine safety were expressed by all participant groups, although participants living with HIV and GBM were more trusting of vaccines possibly because of their ongoing and usually positive past experiences with biomedical technologies for HIV management and sexual health. Aboriginal participants reported distrust of mainstream government and participants who inject drugs expressed a more generalised suspicion about COVID-19 and its origins. Practical problems related to transport, booking appointments for vaccination and so forth, were more common among participants living with HIV and GBM, possibly because these specific interviews were conducted throughout 2021 when vaccines were more available, whereas data for the other populations were collected before the vaccine rollout. Findings show that vaccine willingness is shaped by past experiences of discrimination in healthcare setting, but different histories of discrimination can differently impact vaccine willingness. Promotional messaging and delivery must take account of these important differences so to not treat these populations homogenously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Despite the growing prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the need to plan for future health service provision, little is known in the Irish context about PD patients' experiences of service access/use. Methods. A cross-sectional survey, with multiple formats, i.e., online, pen-and-paper, and telephone. Data were collected from May 2020 to July 2021 using a multipronged recruitment strategy. The survey was completed by people with PD alone or with the support of a carer/support person. Results. A total of 1402 responses were included. Over half (53%) were male. Approx. 10% were diagnosed with young-onset PD. A minority (6%) reported attending only their GP to manage their PD, with the rest attending a generic or specialist outpatient clinic. Almost 1-in-5 reported it took more than 12 months to obtain the diagnosis. Most were diagnosed by neurologists (84%), followed by GPs (8%) and geriatricians (7%); 1% indicated "other." Of those diagnosed privately, 37% of these patients subsequently switched to the public system for ongoing management. The majority (97%) reported currently taking PD medications, but just 52% believed these were working effectively. Access to the range of health and social care professionals, including PD nurse specialists and clinical therapies is universally poor. Conclusions. A number of significant gaps in PD care are discussed, which require urgent attention. A reconfigured model of PD care is necessary to accommodate the growing need for specialist, integrated care at the population level. Specifically, more PD nurse specialists are needed within the public health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strong First Nations health workforce is necessary to meet community needs, health rights, and health equity. This paper reports the findings from a national survey of Australia's First Nations people employed in health services to identify enablers and barriers to career development, including variations by geographic location and organisation type. A cross-sectional online survey was undertaken across professions, roles, and jurisdictions. The survey was developed collaboratively by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal academics and Aboriginal leaders. To recruit participants, the survey was promoted by key professional organisations, First Nations peak bodies and affiliates, and national forums. In addition to descriptive statistics, logistic regression was used to identify predictors of satisfaction with career development and whether this varied by geographic location or organisation type. Of the 332 participants currently employed in health services, 50% worked in regional and remote areas and 15% in Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Organisations (ACCHOs) with the remainder in government and private health services. All enablers identified were associated with satisfaction with career development and did not vary by location or organisation type. "Racism from colleagues" and "lack of cultural awareness," "not feeling supported by their manager," "not having role models or mentors," and "inflexible human resource policies" predicted lower satisfaction with career development only for those employed in government/other services. First Nations people leading career development were strongly supported. The implications for all workplaces are that offering even a few career development opportunities, together with supporting leadership by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander staff, can make a major difference to satisfaction and retention. Concurrently, attention should be given to building managerial cultural capabilities and skills in supporting First Nations' staff career development, building cultural safety, providing formal mentors and addressing discriminatory and inflexible human resources policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This integrative review aims to evaluate the experiences of health and social care practitioners with regard to how they exercise professional curiosity in child protection practice. Professional curiosity gained significant currency following the Munro Review of Child Protection (2010) in England, as a means of seeking clarity on what is happening within a family. However, a recurrent finding from child safeguarding practice reviews is that practitioners continue to struggle to exercise curiosity. This is evident within both the United Kingdom and international literature, although descriptors for the concept may differ. This study attempted to identify facilitators and barriers to applying professional curiosity to provide a greater understanding of this theoretical concept. Title and abstract review of 1428 articles identified from databases and 11 from other sources resulted in 52 papers for full‐text review. The quality of each article was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for qualitative studies, the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) for quantitative/mixed method studies and the Joanna Briggs framework for theoretical/opinion papers. Key findings were recorded in the Summary Table of Literature Reviewed. Data extracts were thematically analysed. Twenty‐four papers predominantly from the UK, but also from Australia, Italy, Sweden and USA formed the data set. Overarching themes that emerged from the thematic analysis included: noticing dissonance, emitting curiosity, constructing meaning, facilitators, individual professional challenges, organisational and macro‐level influences and conceptual development. This review demonstrated that professional curiosity is multifaceted and involves a whole system approach, from empowered, knowledgeable and competent frontline practitioners to creative, innovative and empathic organisations, that value staff contributions and place the child's best interests at the forefront of service development. Recommendations are made for practice and further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the findings of a thematic narrative review of peer‐reviewed articles exploring innovation in UK independent homecare services published between January 2009–August 2021. Our analysis of 15 papers reveals four broad innovation types: personalised funding, operational models, workforce development and assistive technology. We conclude that research focused on innovation in independent homecare offers important insights into the positive and negative outcomes of different types of innovation for providers, care workers and people receiving care. There are, however, also areas which are neglected and need further elaboration, including more robust evidence of outcomes and clearer articulation of innovation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paediatric Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a disabling condition. Schools play a key role in adolescents' experiences with managing ME/CFS. However, little is known about the experiences of adolescents with ME/CFS (and their families) in schools. This paper is an incidental qualitative study, which combines data from two independent ME/CFS studies: study 1 researched ethnic minority adolescents with ME/CFS; study 2 explored Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for adolescents with ME/CFS who had not recovered after one year. Participants included: adolescents with ME/CFS; their families; and medical professionals (ME/CFS specialists and non‐specialists). Adolescents, their families, and ME/CFS medical professionals were recruited from a UK specialist paediatric ME/CFS service. Non‐ME/CFS medical professionals were recruited from the same region. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews and focus groups were undertaken. Participants' views on schools from each study were combined and thematic analysis was used to identify themes. Fifteen adolescents with ME/CFS (11–17 years old), sixteen family members, and ten medical professionals (GPs, school nurses and ME/CFS specialists) were interviewed. Four key themes were found: (1) adolescents identified school was important for aiding ME/CFS recovery, especially educationally and socially; (2) families described varying levels of support from schools and local authorities with help managing ME/CFS – some described significant practical and emotional difficulties to accessing education, whereas others recounted examples of positive supportive strategies, particularly when teachers had previous experience or knowledge of ME/CFS; (3) parents thought three‐way communication between schools, healthcare and families could improve support; (4) participants felt schools were an appropriate place for knowledge building and raising awareness of ME/CFS amongst teachers and pupils, to aid improved supportive measures. In conclusion, this paper provides rich data that highlights the importance of education and the realistic fears and hurdles for adolescents with ME/CFS remaining engaged in education and the impact on their future. Some families described positive strategies in school, which were viewed as helpful to manage ME/CFS in the classroom. These strategies could be implemented alongside knowledge building initiatives and improved communication between healthcare and education. There is a need to further investigate useful strategies and determine how teachers can be best supported in implementing them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older carers, aged 65 or over, may find it difficult to balance caring while maintaining their own health and quality of life (QoL). For older carers, especially, established approaches to separately identifying, assessing and addressing carers' and care‐recipients' needs, may not fully consider the interwoven nature of caregiving relationships and the ways in which community‐based social care services may impact the QoL of both parties. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify and synthesise what is already known about the QoL of older carers and care‐recipients, considered together, which we refer to as 'dyadic QoL'; both in general, and with regard to the impact of community‐based social care. We searched 16 electronic databases and grey literature in October and November 2020. A total 822 items were identified and reviewed based on the inclusion criteria: focusing on older carers and care‐recipients from a dyadic perspective and their QoL or well‐being, published since 2000 and in English. Fourteen papers were thematically analysed, and the findings were presented under two themes. First, the value of applying an overarching conceptual framework of 'interdependence theory' in understanding dyadic QoL, including two broad approaches: dyadic data analysis and the dynamics of caring relationships. Second, a number of papers highlighted the role of support from family, friends and neighbours and community‐based social care services in promoting QoL outcomes of caring dyads. This review emphasised that considering the QoL of carers and care‐recipients, together, would potentially improve the understanding of care needs, provision of care services and QoL outcomes. However, there is limited and fragmentary evidence about dyadic QoL or the impact of social care services on dyadic QoL outcomes. Future work is required to explore and evaluate the use of a dyadic approach in social care practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unnecessarily prolonged stays in hospitals can have negative impacts on patients and present avoidable costs to health and social care systems. This paper presents the qualitative findings of a multi‐methods study of the social care causes of delayed transfers of care (DTOC) for older people in England. The quantitative strand of this study found that DTOC are significantly affected by homecare supply. In this paper, we explore in depth how and why social care capacity factors lead to delays, from the perspectives of those working within the system. We examined the local transfer arrangements in six English local authority (LA) sites that were purposively sampled to include a range of DTOC performance and LA characteristics. Between March and December 2018, 52 professionals involved in arranging or facilitating discharge from hospitals in these sites provided qualitative data, primarily through semi‐structured interviews. Topics included discharge teams and processes, strategic issues and perceived causes of delays. The thematic analysis uncovered the nuances behind the causes of DTOC previously categorised broadly as 'provider capacity' and 'patient choice'. In particular, our analysis highlights the lack of fit between available provision and the needs of people leaving hospital (theme 1); workforce inconsistencies (theme 2) and a myth of patient choice (theme 3). We are now at a turning point in the development of policy to reduce DTOC in the English system, with the full implications of a new national discharge to assess programme yet to be seen. Our research shows the significance of the alignment of service capacity, including the type and location of provision, with the needs and preferences of those leaving hospital. As the new system becomes established, attendance to such nuances behind blockages in the system will be more important than ever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐neglect and hoarding are behaviours that are hard to define, measure and address. They are more prevalent among older people because of bio‐psycho‐social factors, which may be exacerbated by advancing age. This paper aims to further understandings of self‐neglect and hoarding in England's Care Act 2014 context, drawing on a study involving qualitative interviews with local authority adult safeguarding managers who play an important role in determining interventions with individuals who self‐neglect and/or hoard. Online interviews were conducted with adult safeguarding leads and managers from 31 English local authorities in 2021. Interview data were subject to thematic analysis. This paper explores the commonalities and differences in adult safeguarding managers' understandings of the causes and consequences of self‐neglect and/or hoarding among older people, which are likely to have tangible impacts on service provision in their local authority, and influencing of wider changes to policies and procedures. Most participants understood these phenomena as caused by a range of bio‐psycho‐social factors, including chronic physical conditions, bereavement, isolation. A minority took a more clinical or psycho‐medical perspective, focusing on mental ill‐health, or referred to the social construction of norms of cleanliness and tidiness. Whatever their understanding, by the time such behaviours are brought to the attention of safeguarding professionals a crisis response may be all that is offered. The implications of the findings are that other agencies should be encouraged to provide more early help to older people at risk of self‐neglect and/or of developing harmful hoarding behaviours, and that sustained engagement with those affected may help to understand some of the causes of these behaviours to enable effective support or practice interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to assess the health, social and economic outcomes associated with rough sleeping among women and compare those outcomes with those of (1) men sleeping rough, and (2) women experiencing other forms of homelessness (such as being housed in temporary supported accommodation due to family and domestic violence). The paper analyses survey data using the Vulnerability Index‐Service Prioritization Decision Analysis Tool (VI‐SPDAT) collected from 2735 women experiencing homelessness and 3124 men sleeping rough in Australian cities from 2010 to 2017. We find that women sleeping rough report poorer physical and mental health outcomes and greater problematic drug and or alcohol use relative to both men sleeping rough and women experiencing other types of homelessness (all p < 0.5). Women sleeping rough report significantly higher levels of crisis service utilisation (Β = 17.9, SE = 3.9, p < 0.001) and interactions with police in the previous 6 months (Β = 1.9, SE = 0.3, p < 0.001) than women experiencing homelessness not sleeping rough. Women sleeping rough also report greater healthcare utilisation, and, therefore, healthcare costs, than women experiencing homelessness not sleeping rough and men sleeping rough (all p < 0.05). From a policy perspective, the evidence presented in this paper supports a social determinants approach that moves from addressing symptoms of poor health outcomes associated with homelessness to preventing and ending homelessness with a particular focus on the life trajectories of women. Integrated services and homelessness strategies need to be developed through a gender lens, providing women sleeping rough with tailored permanent housing with wrap‐around supportive housing to address poor health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General practices are rooted in the local community and considered to be particularly well‐positioned for engaging in preventive and health‐promoting activities. The overall aim of the scoping review is to identify priorities and gaps in research published in the past 20 years on preventive and health‐promoting activities provided by general practitioners or their teams in general practices in Germany. MEDLINE and Embase databases were systematically searched in November 2020. Papers were selected in dual‐review mode and extracted in single‐review mode. Data analysis was finished by May 2021. In total, 530 papers were included in the synthesis. Little research has been carried out into collaboration opportunities both within the general practice team and in communities as a whole, with specialists (18%), hospitals (9%), and health insurance companies (6%) being the most frequent cooperation partners of GPs. 15%–20% of papers each dealt with 'early detection', 'information provision' and 'cardiovascular prevention'. Secondary (53%) and tertiary prevention (43%) was more often the subject of research than primary (39%) and quaternary prevention (15%). Healthy subjects (26%) were less often studied than people with pre‐existing conditions (42%) and risk factors (48%). Little information was available on preventive activities in terms of gender, young people, migration background, housing conditions or educational background. Personal counselling (15%) was the most frequently described approach to health promotion in general practices, along with printed information materials (10%). This scoping review provides information on which to base targeted interventions and future research that can contribute towards transforming general practices into promoters of health within the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racism is a key modifiable determinant of health that contributes to health inequities in Aotearoa and elsewhere. Experiences of racism occur within the health sector for workers, patients and their whānau (extended family) every day. This paper uses stories of racism from nurses – reworked into vignettes – to examine the dynamics of racism to generate possible micro, meso and macro anti‐racism interventions. A critical qualitative design was utilised, informed by kaupapa Māori approaches. The five vignettes in this paper were sourced from a pair of caucused focus groups with nine senior Māori (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa) and Tauiwi (non‐Māori) nurses held in Auckland Aotearoa in 2019. The vignettes were lightly edited and then critically analysed by both authors to identify sites of racism and generate ideas for anti‐racism interventions. The vignettes illustrate five key themes in relation to racism. These include (i) mono‐cultural practice, (ii) everyday micro‐aggressions; (iii) complexity and the costs of racism, (iv) Pākehā (white settler) privilege and (v) employment discrimination. From analysing these themes, a range of evidence‐based micro, meso and macro‐level anti‐racism interventions were derived. These ranged from engaging in reflective practice, education initiatives, monitoring, through to collective advocacy. Vignettes are a novel way to reveal sites of racism to create teachable moments and spark reflective practice and more active engagement in anti‐racism interventions. When systematically analysed vignettes can be utilised to inform and refine anti‐racist interventions. Being able to identify racism is essential to being able to effectively counter racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing bodies of literature show that a controlled diet is important in controlling the symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). This leads patients to avoid foods considered potentially harmful. However, food is not just a nutrient but entails a series of hedonistic, cultural and social values. Thus, there is the concern that having to renounce certain foods might exert an impact on patients' psychosocial quality of life, particularly in younger patients. The aim of this paper is to review the existing literature to address which aspects of the patients' quality of life are affected by food restrictions. A scoping review was carried out. Five different databases were searched in January 2021. Retrieved papers were then screened to only include the relevant studies. Data were extracted and the main results of the studies were charted. A thematic analysis was carried out on the main results to identify the areas of psychosocial quality of life more often impacted by the food restrictions. From the initially identified 1967 unique entries, 14 studies were included. Results show that the perceived importance of food in controlling symptoms is confirmed by patients' accounts. The most common strategy adopted was, thus, the avoidance of trigger foods. The thematic analysis revealed three domains that are impacted by these restrictions: psychological quality of life, social life, family sphere. This study highlights the impact that food restrictions exert on IBD patients' quality of life, and warrants further studies to fill existing gaps, in particular regarding younger patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study aimed to explore Iranian women's life stories living with compulsive sexual behaviour. Data were collected between 2014 and 2016 in two cities. Forty‐four semi‐structured interviews were conducted by using theoretical sampling and constant comparative analysis. Four thematic categories were constructed from the data, including "scars left on the spirit and mind,"; "bizarre beliefs regarding sexuality and gender,"; "compensation for emptiness and the loss,"; and "difficulty in emotional regulation." This paper shows how abusive patterns of relationships in childhood could lead to sexual compulsivity. The paper results can direct our attention to the importance of health and social care and training to recognise abusive situations and support these children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal Assistants (PA) or client‐hired workers are directly employed by people needing care and support, often making use of government funding. In the context of Covid‐19, questions emerged about how this workforce is supported to practice safely. This paper reports PAs' understanding and views of infection control during the early months of the Covid‐19 pandemic in England. Telephone interviews were undertaken with 41 PAs between 16th April and 21st May 2020. PAs were recruited from a sample that had participated in a previous study in 2014–16. Interview questions focused on changes arising from the pandemic. Data were transcribed and analysed using Framework analysis. This paper focuses on PAs' perceptions of their role and responsibilities in preventing and managing infection. Arising themes were identified about barriers and facilitators affecting infection control in five areas: accessing information, social isolation, handwashing, hygiene, personal protective equipment and potential attitude to vaccines. Infection prevention and control are under‐researched in the home care sector generally and efforts are needed to develop knowledge of how to manage infection risks in home settings by non‐clinically trained staff such as PAs and how to engage home care users with these efforts, especially when they are the direct employers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Care Act 2014 imposed new statutory duties on English local authorities in relation to family or informal carers and it broadened carers' statutory entitlements to assessment, care and support, irrespective of eligibility for local authority funding of the person they care for. Despite this legislative framework, local authorities appear to be translating the new legal obligation into practice in different ways. This paper draws on evidence from in‐depth interviews held during 2017–2018 with key stakeholders in three English local authorities to investigate whether and how local efforts meet the Act's intention of supporting carers. We explored local goals associated with supporting carers, local authorities' approaches to needs assessment and service provision as well as barriers and facilitators to adoption of the new legal obligations towards carers. The paper draws on Twigg, J., & Atkin, K. (1995), typology to explore perceptions of local stakeholders of the interaction between formal care system and carers post‐Care Act. The findings indicate that despite a clear Care Act emphasis on meeting carers' needs, when faced with financial constraints the formal care system approaches carers mainly as a resource and often supports carers to keep cared‐for people away from health and social care systems. Although replacement care is a vital element in the Care Act's ambitions to support carers, in sampled authorities, it was often newly being subject to needs thresholds and financial assessment of people they care for, leading to reported conflicts of interests between carers' needs and those of cared‐for‐people. The Care Act is nonetheless seen as having made progress in legitimising carers' needs as clients. Social care professionals increasingly emphasise the importance of meeting carers' needs and well‐being as valued and desirable outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young carers support family members affected by disability or a health condition. The Young Carer Bursary Program aims to support young carers' education. This paper analysed data from consenting bursary applicants (2017–2019) to investigate relationships between wellbeing, educational attendance, home study and other factors. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis determined significant issues, relationships and influential factors related to young carer (N = 1,443) wellbeing and education. Sixty‐eight percent were aged between 13 and 18 years and attended secondary school. One third of the sample reported that they were the main carer in their family and 29% reported receiving no support. Female applicants from single parent households who were the main carer attended educational settings less often. Eighteen percent (n = 267) rated their wellbeing as poor/very poor. Better wellbeing was associated with increased educational attendance (rs = 0.33, p < 0.001) and home study (rs = 0.34, p < 0.001). Wellbeing was associated with main carer status, caring for a parent, having a disability, being older and having few supports. Educational attendance was associated with main carer status, higher care load and fewer supports. Home study was associated with having a disability, caring for a sibling, caring for more than 11 hr per week and having fewer supports. Important factors about the age, life situation and challenges experienced by young carers identified in this paper indicate that further research into preferred supports and effectiveness of the bursary in improving educational engagement is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active citizen participation in research is important to generate societal impact of outcomes. Even so, many times, the community input in these processes is limited or non-existent, and co-creation processes are often not documented. This paper describes a structured and systematised protocol to co-create a nature-based social prescribing intervention addressed to face loneliness in urban deprived neighbourhoods. As a result, a nature-based social prescription menu was co-developed with stakeholders from health, social prescription, nature, associative, and research sectors. The menu consists of open spaces and nature activities and will be offered to the participants of a randomised controlled trial to test actions for social prescribing in natural spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite apparent need, many older people with cognitive impairment and/or mental health needs do not fully engage with social care. This can manifest in different ways, including passive or aggressive attempts to avoid or repel care workers. However, little is known about how to support such individuals in their own homes and deliver effective care. Against this background, we undertook a scoping review with a view to developing a preliminary theory of change suggesting how care might be modified to engage this client group. The most recent search was conducted on 21/04/21. Papers were included if they (i) focused on older people (65+) living at home with social care needs and (ii) described difficulties/problems with the provision/receipt of social care associated with individuals' mental health needs. Twenty‐six citations were identified through electronic database searches and reference screening, and the results were charted according to key theory of change concepts (long‐term outcomes, preconditions, interventions, rationale and assumptions). All the included papers were related to people with dementia. Four subgroups of papers were identified. The first highlights those external conditions that make it more likely an intervention will be successful; the second describes specific interventions to engage older people who by virtue of their mental health needs have not engaged with social care; the third explores what services can be done to increase service uptake by older people with mental health needs and their caregivers more generally; and the fourth details theoretical approaches to explaining the behaviour of people with dementia. Each provides information that could be used to inform care delivery and the development of interventions to improve engagement with health and social care for these individuals. The study concludes that different framing of engagement difficulties, such as that offered through positioning theory, may assist in future service design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organisations spanning social services, public health and healthcare have increasingly experimented with collaboration as a tool for improving population health and reducing health disparities. While there has been progress, the results have fallen short of expectations. Reflecting on these shortcomings, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) recently proposed a new framework for cross‐sector alignment intended to move the field towards improved outcomes. A central idea in this framework is that collaboratives will be more effective and sustainable if they develop collaborative systems in four core areas: shared purpose, governance, finance and shared data. The goal of this paper is to provide a foundation for research on the four core areas of the cross‐sector alignment framework. Accordingly, this study is based on two guiding questions: (1) how are collaboratives currently implementing systems in the four core areas identified in the framework, and (2) what strategies does the literature offer for creating sustainable systems in these four areas? Given the emergent nature of research on health‐oriented cross‐sector collaboration and the broad research questions, we conducted a systematic scoping review including 179 relevant research papers and reports published internationally from the years 2010–2020. We identified the main contributions and coded each based on its relevance to the cross‐sector alignment framework. We found that most papers focused on programme evaluations rather than theory testing, and while many strategies were offered, they tended to reflect a focus on short‐term collaboration. The results also demonstrate that starting points and resource levels vary widely across individuals and organisations involved in collaborations. Accordingly, identifying and comparing distinct pathways by which different parties might pursue cross‐sector alignment is an imperative for future work. More broadly, the literature is ripe with observations that could be assessed systematically to produce a firm foundation for research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health and social care professionals' competencies have traditionally been separated because of the different aims of the two professions. These competencies need to be integrated, to make sure that seamless services are provided that meet the often complex needs of patients and clients in a coordinated and timely way. The aim of this integrative review was to identify, describe and synthetise previous studies on integrated competencies in health and social care. Electronic literature searches were carried out on the CINAHL, ProQuest, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus and SocIndex databases for peer‐reviewed scientific papers that were published in English between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2019. This identified 3,231 papers, after duplicates were removed, and 18 focused on the integration of social workers' competencies with health care. Other types of integration were not found. The value added by integrating social workers' competencies with health care focused on engaging working orientation, improving communication with family members, increasing understanding of service resources and mastering successful discharge procedures so that they met comprehensive, complex health and well‐being needs. Social workers added value when they worked with multi‐professional teams, but there were challenges to integrating competencies and these were related to professional collaboration and fragmented leadership. In future, more attention needs to be paid to diversifying and optimising the integration of professional health and social care competencies that meet clients' and patients' care and service needs. It is also vital to focus on developing the professional and leadership strategies that are needed to combine those competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal carers play a vital part to ensuring that individuals in need of care, due to illness or disability, continue to experience a good quality of life. Care provision has been studied extensively, however, little is known about the associations of discontinuing care. This knowledge is important not only to ensure that informal carers are supported, even after caring episode, but also to ensure the care‐recipients are not left without support. By conducting longitudinal analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), this paper uniquely starts to unveil the associations of discontinuing the caring role and the patterns of care provision prior to discontinuing. A multivariable binary regression analysis was conducted of the ELSA waves 7 (2015) to 8 (2017), total sample size of N = 6,687. 10.5% (n = 701) respondents were identified as discontinued carers. The dependent variable was care provided in wave 7 but not in wave 8 (a discontinued carer), compared to providing care in both waves (a continuing carer). Socio‐demographic, such as age, gender, marital status, economic activity and health acted and caring patterns, such as intensity and relationship with care‐recipient, acted as independent variables. Results showed nearly 30% of discontinued carers had provided care to a spouse. Nearly a quarter of continuing carers had transitioned between care‐recipients, which raises the question of a potential 'Serial Carer Trajectory'. The regression analysis noted that being divorced or widowed increased the odds of discontinuing care. Providing 20–49 hr of care per week was associated with lower odds of discontinuing the role. This paper suggests that policymakers should take a holistic approach to policies to support carers through all stages of their caring journey, including after discontinuing the caring role. This could ensure carers settle into life post‐caring and continue to feel valued and recognised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co‐methodological working is gaining increasing traction in healthcare, but studies with older people have been slower to develop. Our aim was to investigate how and how well older people have been engaged in healthcare intervention design, development or delivery using co‐methodologies. We conducted a systematic search of four electronic databases to identify international literature published between 2009 and November 2019. We included peer‐reviewed empirical research of any design. Three authors screened papers. Our review is reported in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute manual for scoping reviews, we have referred to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses statement. We data extracted to a bespoke spreadsheet and used the Co:Create Co‐production Matrix to guide quality appraisal. Included studies (n = 48) were diverse in nature of interventions, co‐methodologies and reporting. We offer a narrative summary of included papers. Establishing how older people were engaged in co‐methodological work was largely straightforward. How well this was done was more challenging, however we have identified gems of good practice and offered directions for future practice. The Co:Create Co‐Production Matrix was the best fit for evaluating papers, however it is not intended as a measure per se. In essence we argue that notions of 'best' and 'scores' are an oxymoron in co‐methodological working, what is important that: (a) researchers embrace these methods, (b) incremental change is the way forward, (c) researchers need to do what is right for people and purpose and (d) have time to consider and articulate why they are choosing this approach and how best this can be achieved for their particular situation. Future evaluation of participant's experience of the process would enable others to learn about what works for who and in what circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has historically focussed on participants who are relatively easy to access; those who have resources (time and literacy) to respond to surveys, who can travel, and are socially connected. Failure to meaningfully engage with intended participants and achieve representativeness in participation risks diminishing the applicability and impact of research findings to local contexts. Motivated by goals of social justice and health equity, this scoping review sought to identify strategies to effectively engage and integrate the "authentic voice" of populations that are described as vulnerable or precarious and therefore perceived as "hard-to-reach." A system tic search strategy identified 34 eligible papers. Articles underwent (i) a title and abstract screening by two reviewers, followed by (ii) a full text review of eligible articles by one author. Free-form research problem mind-mapping was applied to facilitate analysis and generate creative associations between ideas. Thematic and content analysis was then applied to generate themes and subthemes. Four high-level themes emerged: key players, trust and rapport, navigating structural precarity, and moving beyond "participation." We identified that substantial shifts in researcher mindsets are required to reframe perceptions of vulnerability and move towards strengths-based approaches. Efforts need to be directed towards establishing deep trust and rapport through early engagement and social reciprocity. Systemic barriers to research participation and partnership must be addressed to overcome issues of structural precarity. We urge researchers and practitioners to embrace "scholar activism" and to actively dismantle the precarity that limits active "participation" and to build deliberate strategies to create forums where the "authentic" voice can be amplified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic abuse is a worldwide public health and social issue which impacts the health and wellbeing of those experiencing abuse and their families. People living with a life-limiting illness are at increased risk of domestic abuse because they are often frail, isolated, and dependent on others. Little is known about domestic abuse and the coexistence of life-limiting illness and existing support for those experiencing or at risk of abuse. A scoping review was conducted to identify factors that shape and characterise experiences of adults with a life-limiting illness affected by domestic abuse and the health and social care practitioners and other organisations that support them. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and checklist for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses-Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) were applied. Five databases were systematically searched from 2000 to 2021: MEDLINE; CINAHL; PsycINFO; Social Sciences Citation Index (Web of Science); and ProQuest Dissertations and Global. Twenty-one papers met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in North America, with female participants living with cancer, and conducted in health and community settings. There were no studies involving third sector organisations. A range of abusive behaviours was reported resulting in missed medical appointments, delays in screening leading to late diagnosis, and palliative rather than curable treatment. Abuse also impacted on the physical, emotional, and psychological wellbeing of the person experiencing the abuse, which increased stress levels and could have a detrimental effect on their health. Identifying domestic abuse within the context of life-limiting illness was reported to be challenging for health and social care professionals, as was responding to and managing a disclosure. Further research is needed to address existing knowledge in order to inform policy and practice to identify and manage domestic abuse where it coexists with life-limiting illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social enterprises, which are businesses with social objectives, have been championed by the UK government as an opportunity to deliver more innovative, socially oriented, and commercially sustainable public services. However, very little is known about them, especially in a social care context. This paper therefore aims to answer the following three questions: (1) What are care social enterprises?, (2) What are their distinctive qualities?, and (3) How can they contribute to the adult social care sector? It presents evidence from a "mapping" of care social enterprises in three English local authorities, and from interviews with 35 stakeholders from across the social care and social enterprise sectors. Drawing on an institutional logics framework, we explore the influence of different norms, goals, and practices on care social enterprises and the extent to which they are aligned with those of the public, private, and not-for-profit sectors. We found that their unique combination of business and social logics, along with an entrepreneurial mindset, may make them more flexible, innovative, and able to diversify their income than public and not-for-profit care organisations. They were also considered more trustworthy than private care services. However, their competing social and business logics can create internal tensions and bring uncertainty about what organisational model they are. These tensions can make it challenging for us to define what a care social enterprise is and in turn for social enterprises to promote themselves and attract funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the prevalence and incidence of somatoform symptoms and disorders (also referred to as medically unexplained symptoms, psychosomatic symptoms, functional syndromes, somatization disorder, or somatic symptom disorder) in childhood and adolescence. The PRISMA guidelines were followed, and the review was registered prior to initiation (PROSPERO CRD42022339735). Fitting search terms were entered in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed in June, 2022. Included were articles, reports, book chapters, and conference papers that reported on the prevalence or incidence rates of somatoform symptoms and disorder in under-18-year-olds with empirical primary data; these needed to be published in English or German. Publications were excluded if they focused on abuse, trauma, serious illness, or hypochondria, as well as if they had a qualitative or experimental (intervention) study design. To be included in the meta-analysis, studies needed to report values suitable to calculate a pooled prevalence or incidence rate. After the full-text screening, 33 articles remained, of which 29 were used for the meta-analysis. The quality evaluation criteria proposed by Loney and colleagues (1998) were utilized for quality assessment. The pooled global prevalence rate was 31.0% for somatoform symptoms and 3.3% for somatoform disorders, yet heterogeneity remained high. The noteworthy prevalence rates have important implications for healthcare professionals, as well as school nurses and counselors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to supplement and improve the landscape evaluation system of traditional villages and play a positive guiding role in the specific protection and development of village landscape, this paper proposes the ecological landscape environment evaluation of traditional villages in Guanzhong from the perspective of rural revitalization. First of all, the relevant national and provincial evaluation standards are deeply studied, and the comprehensive evaluation system of the traditional village landscape in the Guanzhong region is constructed by using expert scoring and an analytic hierarchy process, which includes 6 criteria and 25 indicators. Three typical villages of different types and different development stages, namely, village A, village B, and Village C, were selected for landscape investigation and comprehensive evaluation. The results show that the weight of village location and landscape pattern is the largest, that is, the most important. The second is architectural landscape, with a weight of 0.236, accounting for a high proportion. Then, it is the natural landscape and street landscape, with a weight of 0.1-0.2. Finally, it is the intangible cultural landscape and landscape style protection, with a weight of less than 0.1. The alpha value of the comprehensive evaluation questionnaire of the village A is 0.984. The alpha value of the comprehensive evaluation questionnaire of village B is 0.941. The alpha value of the comprehensive evaluation questionnaire for the landscape of village C is 0.986, which is greater than 0.8. Conclusion. This study makes a comprehensive evaluation of the landscape of typical traditional villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable development of smart community is the key to China's grassroots governance and also the general trend of China's urban modernization. In the supervision of the smart community, the optimization of the behavior of the regulatory subject cannot be separated. Previous studies have focused more on how subjects participate in supervision and less on the behavior of stakeholders in the game. This paper analyzes the game behavior of regulatory participants in the process of sustainable development of smart community and studies the optimization strategy of regulatory behavior according to the game behavior logic among participants. The results show the following. (i) Government behavior plays a leading role in supervision. (ii) When the government invests resources in the screening of third-party evaluation agencies and service purchase and mainly adopts policy punishment methods for stakeholders with rent-seeking behavior, the probability of regulatory participation stakeholders' positive behavior is the greatest. (iii) The improvements should be made from the aspects of information network construction, the refinement of reward and punishment measures, and the improvement of evaluation party access rules. This not only helps to enhance the good supervision situation of the supervision enthusiasm of the participants but also can realize the self-discipline operation of the smart community and enhance the responsibility consciousness of the evaluation institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports findings from a national, qualitative study in England that investigated if young adult carers services are facilitating young people's transitions to adulthood, including considering a future beyond caring. Semi-structured, online interviews were conducted in 2022 with a purposive sample of managers or lead workers of eleven young adult carers services in England. We discuss the consideration given in assessments to young people's caring preferences and the availability of support to facilitate them to relinquish their role, if they so wished. The majority of young adult carers services gave young people the opportunity to express their views on this issue. Although the Care Act 2014 aimed to provide choice over caring in adulthood to young adult carers, this was not matched by the necessary service provision to facilitate their preferences. A new national carers strategy is urgently required to ensure that young people, particularly women, have a credible choice over their future lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]