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The aim of this work is to explore the effects of herbal medicine on secondary metabolites of microorganisms during fermentation. Clonostachys rogersoniana was found to metabolize only small amounts of polyketide glycosides rogerson B and C on fresh potatoes, but after replacing the medium to the medicinal plant Rubus delavayi Franch., the type and content of the metabolized polyketones showed significant changes. The sugars and glycosides in R. delavayi are probably responsible for the changes in secondary metabolites. Six polyketide glycosides including a new metabolite, rogerson F, and two potential antitumor compounds, TMC-151C and TMC-151D, were isolated from the extract of R. delavayi fermented by C. rogersoniana. In addition, 13C labeling experiments were used to trace the biosynthesis process of these compounds. TMC-151C and TMC-151D showed significant cytotoxic activity against PANC-1, K562 and HCT116 cancer cells but had no obvious cytotoxic activity against BEAS-2B human normal lung epithelial cells. The yields of TMC-151C and TMC-151D reached 14.37 ± 1.52 g/kg and 1.98 ± 0.43 g/kg, respectively, after fermentation at 28 °C for 30 days. This is the first study to confirm that herbal medicine can induce microbes to metabolize active compounds. And the technology of fermenting medicinal materials can bring more economic value to medicinal plants. [Display omitted] • Secondary metabolites of microorganisms can be affected by herbal medicine. • TMC-151 s were enriched by fermentation of R. delavayi with C. rogersoniana. • The yields of TMC-151C and TMC-151D reached 14.37 ± 1.52 and 1.98 ± 0.43 g/kg. • Biosynthetic pathways of TMC-151 s were predicted by 13C labeling experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peniterester (1), a new tricyclic sesquiterpene, together with 6 known compounds (2 – 7) were isolated from the secondary metabolites of an artificial mutant Penicillium sp. T2-M20 which was obtained from the parental strain Penicillium sp. T2–8 via UV irradiation as well as nitrosoguanidine (NTG) induction. Peniterester was only produced by the mutant T2-M20 on the basis of LC-MS analysis. Meanwhile, the results of in vitro bioactivities screening indicated that peniterester owned obvious antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with MICs of 8.0, 8.0 and 4.0 μg/mL, respectively. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]