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In this study, we introduce a novel method for estimating undrained shear strength (C u) by incorporating SPT depth. A comprehensive dataset of 328 data groups from locations in Alberta was employed to investigate the correlation between C u and various factors such as Atterberg limits, moisture content, sampling depth, and both field SPT numbers (N) and modified SPT numbers (N 60), utilizing Pearson Correlation Analysis. The performance of the new approach was evaluated using metrics such as mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2). Comparative assessments of the new approach were made with existing approaches for C u estimation. Furthermore, the proposed approach was applied to calculate C u based on borehole information and moisture content data from 702 projects in Alberta, and its validity was verified against published information. The results demonstrate that the new approach yields C u calculations with comparatively small discrepancies. This paper presents a reliable tool for estimating the average C u of clay till in Alberta in a preliminary design state, with potential applicability to other regions as well. • Propose an innovative approach to calculate Cu based on SPT, D and w n. • A large dataset was employed to evaluate the existing model and develop a new one. • Develop a map of Cu of clay till based on data from702 projects in Alberta. • Review and reevaluate the current soil classification matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents findings of the effect of calcium bentonite (Ca-bentonite) and pulp mill fly ash (PFA) on the compressibility behavior, and microstructural evolution of organic soil. A natural soil consisting of 26% organic matter was collected from the wetlands in the Wabasca region, Northern Alberta, Canada. A various mix design was prepared for the laboratory tests with the addition of 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, and 20% Ca-bentonite with constant 30% PFA. One-dimensional consolidation tests were carried out to evaluate compressibility behavior of the stabilized organic soil. In addition, fall cone tests were conducted to evaluate change in undrained shear streth of soil after stabilization. A series of scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests with energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments were conducted to investigate the microstructural and chemical aspects of the organic soil treated with Ca-bentonite and PFA. The results showed that a mixture of 10% Ca-bentonite with 30% PFA was the optimum dosage for improving compressibility of organic soil regardless of the curing method. Microstructural and chemical analysis revealed that the mineralogical and morphological contents of the stabilized organic soil were affected due to the pozzolanic reaction. The results showed that Ca-bentonite and PFA were able to considerably improve the strength and compressibility of the selected organic soil. • First attempt to stabilize organic soil using ca-bentonite with pulp mill fly ash. • Undrained shear strength and compressibility behavior was evaluated using fall cone and 1D consolidation test. • No significant difference between water cured and air cured sample. • Change in morphological and chemical components was analyzed using SEM/EDS and XRD test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]