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[Display omitted] • A high-temperature superconductor (HTS) magnet system for the maglev application. • Magnet energy-robustness, -density, and -economy improved by 96.8%, 66.7%, and 52.5%. • High defect tolerance reaching 716 A/mm2 current density and 25 T magnetic field. • A practical solution for energy bottleneck in HTS magnets/maglevs development. The blooming ultrahigh-speed SC maglev (superconducting magnetically levitated train) prompts green travel worldwide. We utilized high-temperature superconductor (HTS) magnets and have developed an energy-economical SC maglev prototype (Energ. Convers. Manage. (291)117247). In this paper, as a continuation, we further improve and maximize the performance of its key part – the HTS magnets, especially in compact high magnetic field and energy density operating conditions, by innovating an HTS magnet technology named the Shunted Extreme-NI Concept. The operational energy-robustness, -density, and -economy of HTS magnets, compared to the conventional type, are improved by 96.8%, 66.7%, and 52.5%, respectively. For a full-scale maglev equipped with this technology, the estimated energy consumption per passenger kilometer can be further reduced to below 20% of that of airplanes under the same cruising speed of 1000 km/h. This work is dedicated to advancing the energy performances of HTS magnets, heading to the future sustainable maglev transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The maximum treatment capacity of 1167.44 g is achieved in Mode 1 systems. • Optimization of operating conditions enhances energy efficiency and reduces costs. • Systems in Mode 2 exhibit higher energy efficiency but a lower COD removal value. • Switching modes maximize energy utilization across different application scenarios. A multi-stage reverse electrodialysis reactor (MSREDR) wastewater treatment system with an independent strategy is researched theoretically in this paper. The influences of operating conditions on the system performance and levelized costs are explored. Results illustrate that reducing the number of membrane pairs not only enhances the system performance but also decreases the levelized cost of wastewater treatment. A high concentration of concentrated solution facilitates enhancing the total COD removal value and reducing the levelized cost, but it adversely affects the energy conversion efficiency of the system. The optimal total COD removal value and energy efficiency are respectively 1164.77 g and 3.58 % under the given conditions. However, when the wastewater discharge rate from the plant is lower than the maximum treatment capacity, it transitions from a wastewater treatment mode to a combined power generation and wastewater treatment mode. Compared to the system operating in the wastewater treatment mode, the system operating in the combined power generation and wastewater treatment mode exhibits higher effective energy and energy efficiency but a lower COD removal value. This research successfully achieves the flexible adjustment of operating modes based on real-world applications, thereby maximizing energy efficiency and establishing a theoretical foundation for practical implementations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Analyzes South Asia's energy trilemma balancing energy access, security and sustainability. • Focuses on four major regional countries: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. • Identifies major challenges as lack of energy access, unreliable gird, and unaffordable prices. • Explores the prospects of renewable energy as the key toward a sustainable energy transition. • Presents stakeholder perspectives on crucial dynamics of energy transition. To address the faced challenges – i.e. rapidly growing energy needs, depleting fossil fuel reserves, surging energy prices, risks to security of supplies, and climate change – the World is targeting a sustainable energy transition. This energy transition is primarily propelled by a global decarbonization drive. South Asia, a developing region housing over 23% of the global population, faces the additional challenge of serious energy deprivation. The subject of energy transition has not been explored in the South Asian context in terms of drivers, challenges, and prospects. This paper investigates the prospects of sustainable energy transition in South Asia in terms of resources, consumption trends, and challenges encountered by countries in the region, particularly India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It also examines the sustainable and renewable energy options for the region. An original stakeholder survey provides salient behavioral insights into awareness, attitudes and opinions shaping societal response to energy transition. The findings of the study highlight the serious energy security issues faced by the region in terms of lack of access, inconsistent supplies, unreliable grids, and high energy prices. Renewables like solar energy, wind power, and hydropower have the potential to propel regional countries to energy and environmental sustainability. "Lack of consistent policies and regulations", "lack of political will" and "lack of investment" are found to be the three most important challenges to the energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• TIP-EMS enhances EV energy efficiency by integrated prediction and energy management. • Significant driving economy boost; 1.6%-4.2% better than state-of-the-art PEMS. • TIP-EMS shows robust performance with varying prediction weight adjustments. To enhance the energy efficiency of electrified vehicles (EVs), developing effective energy management strategies (EMS) for hybrid storage systems is essential. Predictive EMS (PEMS) that foresee future vehicle speeds have demonstrated substantial potential in boosting EMS performance. However, traditional PEMS models, employing a sequential approach of speed prediction followed by energy allocation, are hampered by cumulative errors. These errors from the initial speed predss this issue, this paper introduces a novel solution: the trainable integrated preiction negatively impact the efficiency of subsequent energy management. To addrediction and energy management strategy (TIP-EMS). Contrasting with conventional sequential PEMS, TIP-EMS features a dual-branch, integrated neural network, which is fully trainable. This network processes driving status inputs via attention layers, with one branch dedicated to energy management objectives using a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, and the other to vehicle speed prediction. Both branches are trained simultaneously, but post-training, only the RL branch is activated for energy management. Implemented with a soft actor-critic RL algorithm, TIP-EMS is applied to a fuel cell EV for optimized energy management. The validation involved training TIP-EMS using 27 driving profiles, which developed its prediction and energy management capabilities, followed by tests in untrained scenarios. The results show that TIP-EMS surpasses conventional sequential PEMS by up to 4.2% in scenarios where prediction accuracies are comparable, highlighting the efficacy of the trainable integrated mechanism. In addition, TIP-EMS exhibits superior energy conservation compared to non-predictive RL strategies. Lastly, TIP-EMS exhibits robustness to adjustments in the weight given to the prediction objective, further confirming its practical applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Feasibility of using organic wastewater as renewable energy source is verified. • ＞99% COD, TOC removal rate in the experimental platform. • Up to 78.75% of the energy recovery efficiency of the SCWO system. The degradation of high concentration organic wastewater and the recovery of energy using supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) technology have the potential to become viable in the future. High concentration organic wastewater contains a significant amount of energy. This paper focuses on utilizing high concentrated wastewater as a renewable energy source, from an energy system perspective, an experimental rig was designed to determine the optimal working conditions. The experiments were conducted with an oxidation coefficient of 1.1, a flow rate of high concentration organic wastewater of 9 ml/min, a heating temperature of 400 °C, and a reaction pressure of 25 MPa. Under these conditions, the COD and TOC removal rates of the high concentration organic wastewater were found to be 99.383 % and 99.876 % respectively. Additionally, the phenomenon of "Abnormalities in pressure sensitivity" observed during high concentration organic wastewater the experiment was further explained through additional experiments. Finally, by comparing the experimental energy recovery with the simulation results, an energy recovery efficiency of 78.95 % was achieved. The feasibility of the simulated energy recovery in practice was verified, confirming the potential to convert the previous energy-consuming wastewater treatment process into a productive one. This study provides a theoretical and experimental foundation for further related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]