Search

Mixed-mode questionnaires are increasingly used in research. Psychological measures, developed for paper-and-pencil (paper) administration require measurement equivalence testing when administered in an alternative mode. Here, Icelandic translations of the NEO-FFI personality measure and Adult Reading History Questionnaire (ARHQ) were tested for equivalence of measurement and data quality between paper and web mode. Perceived sensitivity of data and preference for survey mode were also assessed. One hundred adults were recruited to answer both modes in a randomized, crossover design. Eighty-eight participants completed both administrations with an average of 63.8 days ( SD = 2.2) between them. Within-subjects comparisons of means between modes demonstrated measurement equivalence for both measures. However, differing invalidity coefficients by mode observed by multi-trait multi method (MTMM) analysis suggested systematic effects not captured by traditional psychometric evaluation. Of note was a greater tendency for acquiescence responding to the NEO-FFI observed in web mode. Neither personality traits nor ARHQ reading difficulty scores were associated with preference for survey mode. However, 36% of participants who considered their personality data moderately to highly sensitive scored higher in neuroticism and lower in agreeableness compared to those rating their personality data of low sensitivity. While the Icelandic NEO-FFI and ARHQ have demonstrated measurement equivalence in paper and web mode, mode equivalence of psychometric measures may require ongoing evaluation as perceptions of web privacy continue to evolve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the progress of the times and the improvement of science and technique, network message technique has occupied a vital position in people's lives. At the same time, society has been implementing university English education reform in recent years, and the "internet plus" wisdom education model is the product of the improvement of the times. This new education model has gradually integrated into the education of various subjects. Introducing the concept of message technique and wisdom education into university translation education can innovate education mode, optimize education content, and integrate high-quality education resources. Cultivating applied translators has become the trend of educational reform. Based on deep learning, this paper studies translation education skills in universities. In-depth education enables learners to acquire systematic knowledge, critical spirit, creative thinking, etc. This kind of learning fully taps individual potential to cultivate a complete personality. According to the research in this paper, wisdom education is 12% better than traditional education, and it is suitable to be widely put into practice. • This new education model has gradually integrated into the education of various subjects. • Enhancing university translation education with message technique and wisdom education modernize educational approach. • Cultivating applied translators has become the trend of educational reform. • Based on deep learning, this paper studies university translation education skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactive teaching is very popular in the field of education, especially in college preschool education teaching. In this study, the experimental performance of the evaluation system based on scientific emotion construction is analyzed by the machine learning algorithm. The experimental results show that the classification model realized by the machine learning algorithm is feasible and effective for the construction of an interactive design teaching evaluation system of preschool education in colleges and universities. The main research content of this experiment is for the teaching evaluation text, this paper intends to use NB, KNN, LR, and SVM algorithms as the meta-learning algorithm in the framework, the classification effect of the meta-classifier is ranked as SVM > LR > KNN > NB. From the above data comparison, the SVM meta-classifier in the algorithm in this paper has achieved the best classification effect. The SVM meta-classifier based on the algorithm in this paper performs well, and the classification accuracy rate reaches 92.1%. This shows that this model is very suitable for studying the. And the classification accuracy rate reaches 92.1%. This shows that this model is very suitable for studying the construction of interactive teaching evaluation systems under emotional education. • The experimental results show that the classification model realized by machine learning algorithm. • This shows that this model is very suitable for studying the construction of interactive teaching. • The main research content of this experiment is for the teaching evaluation text. • This paper intends to use NB, KNN, LR and SVM algorithms as the meta-learning algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As many services convert to digital based on human-machine communication technology, older adults face considerable challenges. With the goal to identify ways to design digital services that are easier for older adults to use, this paper uses the strategy of making self-ordering kiosks more similar to the original version (i.e., paper menu) focusing on three familiarity design approaches: representation, manipulation, and organization. A 2 (skeuomorphic vs. flat design) x 2 (hierarchical vs. linear navigation structure) between-subject design experiment was conducted with individuals aged over 65 years (N = 60). Participants perceived that the skeuomorphic design was easier to use compared to the flat design, and the linear navigation structure increased perceived self-efficacy, usefulness, and intention to use compared to the hierarchical navigation structure. Participants also completed the tasks more quickly in the skeuomorphic design (vs. flat design) and linear navigation structure (vs. hierarchical structure) conditions. Interaction effects suggest that the task completion time was further reduced when skeuomorphic design was used with a linear navigation structure. Furthermore, fewer people requested assistance when they used a linear navigation structure. Serial multiple mediation results showed that the influence of linear navigation structure on intention to use was mediated by perceived self-efficacy and usefulness. • Skeuomorphic design offers better user experience for seniors than the flat one. • Linear navigation structure offers better user experience for seniors than the hierarchical one. • Combining skeuomorphism and linear structure decreases the task completion time. • The effect of linear navigation structure on intention to use is mediated by self-efficacy and perceived usefulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite assumptions that wearable self-care technologies such as smart wristbands and smart watches help users to monitor and self-manage health in daily life, adherence rates are often quite low. In an effort to better understand what determines adherence to wearable self-care technologies, researchers have started to consider the extent to which a technology is perceived as being part of the user (i.e., technology embodiment) and the extent to which users feel they can influence reaching their health goals (i.e., empowerment). Although both concepts are assumed to determine adherence, few studies have empirically validated their influence. Furthermore, the relationships between technology embodiment, empowerment, and adherence to wearable self-care technology have also not been addressed. Drawing upon embodied theory and embodiment cognition theory, this research paper introduces and empirically validates 'embodied empowerment' as a predictor of adherence to wearable self-care technology. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis on a dataset of 317 wearable self-care technology users, we find empirical evidence of the validity of embodied empowerment as a determinant of adherence. We also discuss the implications for research and practice. • We introduce embodied empowerment to explain adherence to self-care wearables. • Embodiment and empowerment reinforce each other and function in conjunction. • Embodied and empowerment predict adherence to wearable self-care technology. • The results are consistent for male versus female and younger versus older users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) represent a multibillion-dollar global market. While considerable speculation exists about the future utility of NFTs, there has been limited research into the consumer behaviors of market participants. This research paper examines the motivations of NFT buyers through the lens of self-determination theory. Using a sample of 482 participants, the authors tested a conceptual framework to better understand both NFT buyers' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. This study expands the literature on NFTs in three different ways: i) it is the first study, as far as we know, to focus exclusively on NFT buyers and their motivations in purchasing NFTs; ii) it explores a variety of potential motivations theorized in the literature; and iii) it tests the expected future value of NFTs as both a motivation and as a moderator for NFT buyers. The authors determined that intrinsic motivation had the most substantial effect on purchase intention, and the expectations of NFTs' future value positively moderated the effect of amotivation on purchase intention. In contrast, high expectations of future value moderated the effect of external regulation on purchase intention. The results suggest that NFT buyers are not as impacted by potential social or monetary gain as often characterized in the academic literature but behave more like traditional buyers of luxury goods. • Seminal study on motivations behind NFT buyers' decisions to purchase NFTs (n = 486) • Used SIMS to test a variety of motivation effects (intrinsic, extrinsic, amotivation) • Intrinsic motivation had the most substantial effect, contradicting a common narrative of NFT buyers • Buyers' expectation of future value acts simultaneously as a determinant and moderation effect in the purchase of NFTs • NFTs should be considered a novel form of luxury goods [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criminal cases often exhibit imbalance and cannot be extended by data augmentation when classified into attribution types. To solve the problem of unbalance data in offenders' attribution classification, this paper proposes a criminal psychological attribution assessment model by an improved Balanced TF-Distinguishing IDF method (B-TF-dIDF) and constructed a hybrid network with attention method to fuse numerical and text features for improving the accuracy. First, as a statistical method, B-TF-dIDF is presented to reduce the impact of class-imbalance for extraction of numerical features, in which a balanced element is added to reduce the effects of incorrect type keywords on classification, and a distinguishing element is added to discriminate the types of keywords. Then, an improved hybrid network model composed of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is constructed to balance the influence of different lengths of text samples for extracting the semantic features of criminal texts. For evaluating different feature weights by their importance, Spatial Attention is used to improve CNN in the feature maps. Moreover, the self-attention is also performed to re-evaluate the mixed features. Finally, the softmax classifier provides a scientific basis for developing a hierarchical treatment mechanism further. Additionally, we build a criminal data set with labels from real cases for testing. The experiment proved that the proposed model is better than other related methods in various evaluation indicators, including the micro and macro scopes. Moreover, the F1 of minority samples has increased by 6%–8%, indicating that the proposed method can reduce the impact of class-imbalance. • A hybrid model composed of LSTM and CNN is constructed to classify criminal psychology attribution into three types. • The novel statistical method B-TF-dIDF has been constructed to process unbalanced data and extract numerical features. • Text and numerical features are fused and re-evaluated by Self-attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The buyer-seller relationship in live streaming commerce is crucial especially in service failure situations, yet it has been underexplored. In this paper, we reconceptualized the relationship between consumers and sellers in live streaming commerce as "parasocial guanxi", which consists of ganqing (emotional attachment), xinren (trust) and reciprocal value. The effects of parasocial guanxi on consumer dissatisfaction and complaint intention in service failure situations were further investigated based on the expectation confirmation theory. Our study involved 425 valid questionnaires and employed the partial least squares structural equation method (PLS-SEM). The findings are mixed: on one side, parasocial guanxi acts as a buffer, mitigating dissatisfaction and complaint intention in the face of product or service problems and reducing the impact of disconfirmation on consumer dissatisfaction. On the other side, it may also increase the likelihood of dissatisfied consumers complaining. Furthermore, the buffering effect weakens as consumers make more frequent purchases. The findings have important theoretical and practical implications for understanding the buyer-seller relationship in live streaming commerce. • This paper reconceptualized the buyer-seller relationship in live streaming commerce as "parasocial guanxi". • The effects of parasocial guanxi in service failure situations were investigated. • Parasocial guanxi has a buffering effect in alleviating consumers' dissatisfaction and complaint intention. • Meanwhile, parasocial guanxi can increase the likelihood of dissatisfied consumers to complain. • The effects of parasocial guanxi vary across different demographic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workplace cyberbullying is a significant problem in higher education institutions. This paper examines faculty self-reports based on victimization, coping, gender, and the Big 5 Personality traits. A cross-sectional survey was distributed via Qualtrics to obtain the perceptions of 179 faculty members. Prevalence results indicated that faculty victims experienced cyberbullying from colleagues/peers, administrators, staff, students, and external members. Results also demonstrate that university faculty are unaware of resources to address cyberbullying. The study found evidence of gender differences in cyberbullying victimization in higher education. Agreeableness and neuroticism were also related to experiencing workplace cyberbullying. The article concludes with a discussion of the study's implications and potential areas of future research. • Most faculty experienced cyberbullying from colleagues/peers, administrators, and students. • Cyberbullied faculty are not likely to report the incident, which make it difficult to be addressed in the future. • Females are more likely to experience cyberbullying across relationship types in comparison to male faculty members. • The personality traits of agreeableness and neuroticism related to workplace cyberbullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the influence of various advertising channels on consumers' value perceptions of luxury brands, with a specific focus on the potential negative effects of TikTok on luxury advertising. Using an experimental design, four studies were conducted to rigorously examine these research questions. Study 1 reveals that, compared to traditional media, TikTok advertising has a more adverse impact on consumers' value perceptions of luxury brands. In Study 2, the mediating role of psychological distance is identified as the underlying mechanism explaining how media types in luxury advertising affect value perceptions. Study 3(a) highlights significant disparities in the number of online reviews and "likes" for different review types. Additionally, Study 3(b) discovers that self-deprecating online reviews can significantly increase the value perception of luxury brands on TikTok. This study contributes both theoretically and practically to the field of luxury marketing management, offering insights into the nuanced dynamics of luxury advertising across diverse media channels. Furthermore, it provides valuable suggestions for future research within the realm of luxury marketing, particularly in the context of social media. • Advertising on TikTok may diminish consumers' value perceptions of luxury brands. • Psychological distance explains TikTok's negative effects on value perception. • TikTok users prefer exploring self-deprecating reviews, when watching luxury ads. • Self-deprecating reviews enhance TikTok users' value perception of luxury brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As social robots are increasingly designed with sophisticated simulations of human skills, it becomes essential to understand boundary conditions of people's engagement of them as mindful actors. The present paper reports a comprehensive secondary analysis of six studies (total N = 967) on the relationship between mind perception (evaluation of mental capacities) and mind ascription (explicit assignment of a mind-having status) when people consider a humanoid robot in different scenarios. Results indicate there is a context-independent, moderate link between perceptions of affective mental capacity (i.e., ability to feel emotion) and explicit mind ascription. We further found hints for a weak relationship between perceptions of reality-interaction capacity (i.e., sensory and agentic abilities) and decisions to ascribe mind that may need larger samples in order to be validated. Perceptions of social-moral capacities (i.e., evaluations of people and goals) were not a significant predictor of mind ascription. Overall, these findings highlight the pivotal role played by robots' display of affective engagement with the world for the acceptance of robots as mindful "beings" in human spheres. • Mind perception in robots does not mean people assign them a mindful being status. • Dimensionality of mind perception allows for various drivers of mind ascription. • Six studies uniformly show that perceived affective capacity is the primary correlate. • Perceptions of basic but not higher-order agency may be a secondary correlate. • Long-established position of denied mindfulness in robots is called into question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological development has influenced the ways in which learning and reading takes place, and a variety of technological tools now supplement and partly replace paper books. Previous studies have suggested that digital study media impair metacognitive monitoring and regulation (Ackerman & Goldsmith, 2011; Ackerman & Lauterman, 2012; Lauterman & Ackerman 2014 ). The aim of the current study was to explore the relationship between metacognitive experiences and learning for digital versus non-digital texts in a test situation where metacognitive experiences were assessed more broadly compared to previous studies, and where a larger number of potentially confounding factors were controlled for. Experiment 1 ( N = 100) addressed the extent to which metacognitive monitoring accuracy for 4 factual texts was influenced by whether texts were presented on a paper sheet, a PC, an iPad, or a Kindle. Metacognitive experiences were measured by Predictions of Performance (PoP), Judgements of Learning (JoL), and Confidence Ratings (CR), and learning outcome was measured by recognition performance. Experiment 2 ( N = 50) applied the same basic procedure, comparing a paper condition with a PC condition with the opportunity to take notes and highlight text. In both experiments, study media had no consistent effect on metacognitive calibration or resolution. The results give little support to previous claims that digital learning impairs metacognitive regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helpfulness of user-generated reviews has not been studied adequately in terms of the interplay between review sentiment (favorable, unfavorable and mixed) and product type (search and experience). Moreover, the ways in which information quality relates to review helpfulness remain largely unknown. Hence, this paper seeks to answer the following two research questions: (1) How does the helpfulness of user-generated reviews vary as a function of review sentiment and product type? (2) How does information quality relate to the helpfulness of user-generated reviews across review sentiment and product type? Data included 2190 reviews drawn from Amazon for three search products—digital cameras, cell phones, and laser printers—as well as three experience products—books, skin care, and music albums. Review sentiment was ascertained based on star ratings. Investigation of the research questions relied on the statistical procedures of analysis of variance, and multiple regression. Review helpfulness was found to vary across review sentiment independent of product type. Besides, the relationship between information quality and review helpfulness was found to vary as a function of review sentiment as well as product type. The paper concludes with a number of implications for research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of different types of TikTok dance challenge videos on young women's body satisfaction. Study 1 involved 262 women aged between 18 and 25 years, who were randomly assigned to watch TikTok videos featuring either thin dancers, large dancers, or amusing animal videos. Body satisfaction significantly increased after watching large dancer TikTok videos and decreased after watching thin dancer TikTok videos, although this decrease was not significant. Study 2 replicated and extended study 1 and involved 280 women aged between 18 and 25 years. Females body satisfaction significantly decreased after watching the thin dancer TikTok videos and significantly increased after watching the large dancer TikTok videos. There was no significant difference between the participants in terms of state appearance comparison. Females in the thin dancer condition engaged in upward social comparison, whereas the females in the large dancer condition engaged in downward social compression. The impact of video type was not moderated either by trait appearance comparison, or thin ideal internalization. The effect of video type was not mediated by state appearance comparison but was fully mediated by the direction of social comparison. Study 3 involved 375 women aged between 18 and 25 years and found that body satisfaction was lower after watching the thin dancers than after watching the large dancers. This study shows that findings from the previous two studies could not be explained by the demand characteristics in the design of these studies. All three studies show that exposure to large dancers on TikTok has a positive impact on women's body satisfaction, whereas exposure to thin dancers has a negative impact on women's body satisfaction. The implications of these findings for the design of social media are discussed. • We examined the effect of TikTok dance challenge videos on body satisfaction. • Watching large dancer TikTok videos had a positive effect on body satisfaction. • Watching thin dancer TikTok videos had a negative effect on body satisfaction. • Appearance comparison mediated the effect of TikTok dance videos on body satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a study aimed at assessing the reliability of decision-making for construction management based on visual observation of the built environment in virtual reality. The focus of this study is on egocentric distance perception, a critical factor in construction management decisions based on visual observation. The study evaluates the accuracy of distance estimation and walking a target distance in virtual reality, as compared to the real world, through experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that participants consistently underestimate distance and walk beyond the target distance. Notably, in virtual reality, they underestimated the distance by 22% more than they did in the real world, and they overwalked 53% more than they did in the real world. These findings offer valuable insights for construction managers reviewing digital twin models in virtual reality to make informed decisions. Furthermore, this study lays a foundation for future research on the reliability of understanding space occupancy in virtual reality. • Experiment participants underestimated distance both in the virtual and real world. • In the virtual world, they underestimated 22% more than they did in the real world. • Participants walked further than they aimed both in the virtual and real world. • In the virtual world, they walked 53% further than they did in the real world. • Walking on an omnidirectional treadmill was not advantageous for distance estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online reviews are of great importance in supporting the purchasing decision making of online consumers. With the prospering of e-commerce, increasingly fraudulent reviews are appearing on e-commerce platforms to mislead consumers, and an increasing number of consumers are worrying about being deceived in online shopping. However, little research effort has been invested in studying the impact of review credibility perception caused by online review fraud on product sales. To fill this research gap, this paper conducts empirical research on the moderating effect of consumers' credibility perception of online reviews. Here, review credibility perception, or consumers' credibility perception of online reviews, refers to the credibility or trust that consumers have in the reviews they are reading. Building on dual-process theory, this paper develops two hypotheses to understand why and how review credibility perception influence consumer decision-making behaviors. The empirical studies in this paper demonstrate that consumers' credibility perception of online reviews moderate the effect of review sentiment on product sales. This work also found that consumers' credibility perception of online reviews have a heterogeneous effect on product sales. The effect shifts the relationship between review sentiment and product sales from an inverted U-shape relationship to a monotonous positive relationship with the improvement of consumers' credibility perception of online reviews. This study has great managerial implications for platforms and vendors to improve online review management. • Effect of fraudulent reviews on product sales is explored. • How review fraud influences consumers' decision making is interpreted. • Moderating effect of review credibility perception is verified. • Review credibility perception has a heterogeneous effect on product sales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizens are increasingly using Internet-based resources to obtain and understand health information at the point of need. The ability to locate, evaluate and use online health information may be influenced by an individual's level of health literacy and eHealth literacy. Those with advanced eHealth literacy skills may utilise more efficient online search strategies and identify higher quality health information resources. This paper describes a study which investigated the associations between health literacy, eHealth literacy and actual online health information seeking behavior. Accurately quantifying online health information seeking behavior can be difficult, which is why we integrated software into the web browser to objectively monitor online interactions, search queries and Uniform Resource Locators. We recruited 54 participants to search for information related to common health topics. We received 307 answers, of which 75.2% were correct. However, despite having adequate health and eHealth literacies, participants relied on search engine results as a guide to locating information resources. Furthermore 96.3% of participants utilised unaccredited health information to answer some questions. The findings suggest that eHealth literate individuals may not always utilise effective online searching strategies. Pearson's product-moment correlation indicated that the relationship between the health and eHealth literacy scores was not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though the rapid aging of the population is a global phenomenon, reducing negative stereotypes of the elderly and building harmonious relationships between young and old generations have been critical steps to solving ageism issues worldwide. To contribute to these efforts, this paper examined the role of vivid images of people's future self via an age-morphing technology in communication strategies to address the issue of ageism. An online survey with 324 young participants who saw images of the future self was conducted. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the proposed relationships among psychological continuity, group identification, empathy, sympathy, ageism, psychological proximity, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. Results revealed that psychological continuity created through a vivid image of one's future self can lead to group identification with the elderly, influencing one's psychological proximity to issues of the elderly. This relationship is positively mediated by empathy and sympathy, and ageism negatively mediates the relationship. The close feelings to issues relevant to the elderly are likely to elicit a positive attitude toward the efforts of addressing the issues as well as greater participation in relevant social media campaigns for the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media can both decrease and increase polarization between social groups. Communicative behaviors associated with intergroup conflict are ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation. In the current paper, we propose that bias in social-media use can be assessed by focusing on live Twitter commentaries posted by sports clubs. Specifically, we focus on four bias types: biases in (1) communication volume, (2) balance, (3) fairness, and (4) recipient engagement. We analyzed Twitter commentaries placed by soccer clubs in the Dutch Eredivisie during the 2019/20 season (232 games , N tweets = 13,789). Results on volume showed that clubs placed more tweets during wins (vs. draws or losses). For balance, we found that teams devoted a larger percentage of their feed to positive ingroup (vs. outgroup) events. For fairness, a larger proportion of positive ingroup (vs. outgroup) events were reported in the Twitter commentaries. Furthermore, fans engaged more with tweets about positive ingroup (vs. outgroup) events. By contrast, we did not find differences for negative ingroup (vs. outgroup) events for balance, fairness, or engagement. Taken together, our results show that sport clubs' live Twitter commentaries reflect ingroup favoritism, but not outgroup derogation. • Social media can both decrease and increase polarization between social groups. • Communicative behaviors associated with intergroup conflict are ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation. • We propose that bias in social-media use can be assessed by focusing on live Twitter commentaries posted by sports clubs. • We analyzed Twitter commentaries from soccer clubs in the Dutch Eredivisie (2019/20 season; 232 games , N tweets = 13,789). • Our results showed that these Twitter commentaries reflected ingroup favoritism, but not outgroup derogation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, validity and reliability studies of the scale that aims to measure the social network use, the purpose of social networks use and the preferences of the university students between social life and social networks with the positive and negative effects on their lives were presented. SPSS 20 program was utilized for the descriptive statistics, factor, reliability, items analyses and the correlation coefficients calculations. According to the results of the factor analyses done to test the structural validity of the scale, 13 items were grouped under two factors and it explained %59.572 of the total variance of the scale. Internal consistency coefficient for the whole scale was found 0.882 after the reliability analysis was done. While there was positive and moderate relation between the factor total scores, there was a high relation found between all the factors and the scale as a whole. The findings of this study show that the scale is quite valid and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social networks and gamification are having an important and growing role in education. Social networks provide unknown communication and connection possibilities while games have the potential to engage students. This paper analyzes the structure of the social network resulting from a gamified social undergraduate course as well as the influence that student's position has on learning achievement. In a semester long experiment, a social networking site was delivered to students providing gamified activities and enabling social interaction and collaboration. Social network analysis was used to build the network graph and to compute four measures of the overall network and nine measures for each participant. Individual measures were then assessed as predictors of students' achievement using three different methods: correlation, principal component analysis and multiple linear regressions. The resulting social network has 167 actors and 2505 links, and it can be characterized as a small-world. All analyses agreed on the potential of structural metrics as predictors of learning achievement but they differ in the measures considered as significant. A moderate correlation was found between most centrality measures and learning achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust is essential for Mobile Banking (MB) adoption and usage. MB technology has the potential to improve people's quality of life and to bring efficiency to banks. In this paper, MB trust was addressed in Brazil, a developing country that has an enormous potential for expansion of banking services. We used Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling to analyze the database, which was composed of 1077 questionnaires. In this study sample, determinants of trust had similar behavior when compared to determinants of trust previously pointed out in the literature. Our discussion indicated a kind of information asymmetry that could be mitigated in order to build trust in MB and promote its adoption. However, we observed a negative relationship between trust in MB and undergraduate course area (dummy variable for undergraduate courses in technology). The inclusion and analysis of this new variable, especially in developing countries, may contribute with the literature on MB adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of avatars’ utilitarian and hedonic values on the different dimensions of e-service quality. Despite the existence of many studies focusing on the impact of the avatar on user’s online experience, there is a lack of research on the effect of avatars’ values on the different dimensions of websites’ perceived quality. We asked respondents to interact with an avatar and then fill in our questionnaire. We applied this process to 8 different service companies’ websites with an avatar already integrated. We received 945 questionnaires back. In order to measure e-service quality, we used WEBQUAL. As we had several latent variables, we used partial least squares (PLS), a variance-based structural equation modeling method. Results show that the utilitarian and hedonic values of the avatar increase significantly the perception of the website’s quality. The utilitarian value of the avatar impacts 9 of the 10 dimensions of e-service quality. The hedonic value impacts 5 of the 10 dimensions of e-service quality. The results of this study are relevant to the academic world, as we identified that the utilitarian value of an avatar can impact nearly all dimensions of WEBQUAL. Our results can also have immediate and direct implications for companies who want to improve a specific dimension of their website by the use of an avatar. Moreover, this study will be useful for developers of online agents in order to adjust the knowledge of their avatars to clients’ and users’ needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media is a popular method for communication amongst university students in Saudi Arabia. However excessive social media use can raise questions about whether academic performance is affected. This research explores this question by conducting a survey on university students in Saudi Arabia in regards to social media usage and their academic performance. The survey also explored which social network is the most popular amongst Saudi students, what students thought about their social media usage and factors besides social media usage which negatively affect academic performance. The survey received 108 responses and descriptive statistics including normality tests i.e. scatter plots were used to examine the relationship between the average number of hours students spent of social media a week and GPA scores of the students. The results demonstrated that there was no linear relationship between social media usage in a week and GPA score. Students highlighted that besides social media use, time management is a factor which affects students ‘studies negatively. The findings of the paper can be used to propose the effective plans for improving the academic performance of the students in such a way that a balance in the leisure, information exchange and academic performance can be maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In future, M-learning will no longer be a choice but a necessity in the modern way of learning so that students would be able to keep pace with the times and technology. M-learning has an increasingly significant role in the development of teaching methods of learning in higher education. By using mobile technology, students can easily and quickly access and use learning resources anytime and anywhere. The aim of this paper is to present the results of research in the application of new technologies in higher education with particular emphasis on M-learning as a modern innovative approach. The study was conducted using a survey among students at the Technical Faculty in Bor, University of Belgrade. The proper conclusions were drawn from the data obtained by the survey which had been analyzed by using the appropriate statistical methods in software packages SPSS v. 17 and LISREL v. 8.8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet use is increasing every year and it involves a risk of pathological use that worsens users’ quality of life in every aspect. A good instrument to diagnose this problem is essential. The first purpose of this paper is to present the Polish version of Davis’s Online Cognition Scale (OCS). The second purpose is to discuss the gender differences in OCS scores that were found in the study. A sample of 626 individuals aged 11–84 years, M age = 21.68 years, SD = 5.15, 40.3% males took part in the study. On this sample, the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the OCS were investigated. The Corrected Item-Total Correlation values ranged from .377 to .679, indicating that the scale’s items measured the same construct: pathological Internet use. Also, the internal consistency was very good ( α = .817). Consonant with the original version, we obtained a four-factor model comprising impulsivity, loneliness/depression, distraction, and social comfort. Our conclusion is that the Polish version of the OCS is a valid instrument for measuring Internet addiction. Gender differences were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As intra-organizational blogs are expected to provide a flexible, intra-organizational networking platform that can effectively facilitate knowledge sharing, it is worthwhile to address why employees embrace a blogging system and engage in continual blogging. Drawing upon the existing literature, this paper proposes a conceptual model that suggests the continued use of internal blogs by employees is strongly driven by the force of habituation, which is repeatedly adapted by the effects of network externalities and managerial incentives. To empirically test this “adaptive habituation model”, actual usage data are collected from the internal blogging platform of a large telecommunication company to measure all related constructs. Statistical results from regression analyses illustrate that the proposed model effectively explains why employees continue to use corporate internal blogging systems. Practically, our findings suggest that while managerial measures, such as a ranking mechanism, may help leverage the benefits of intra-organizational social networking applications, it may take some time for these effects to emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As mobile phones have become nearly ubiquitous, mobile phone applications are also becoming almost indispensable. Applications that enable people to share location information are becoming increasingly popular. What remains unknown, however, are the factors that influence the use of a location sharing application (LSA). A paper-based survey was implemented with 655 students of six universities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia to test the hypotheses proposed for the study. Results of hierarchical regression analysis reveal that students’ use of a specific LSA could be attributed to the two types of benefits of using the app (impression management and entertainment) and to competence-based trust in LSA and to their trust in their LSA network members. Furthermore, the impact of social influence on LSA use is also statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As more and more of the business of society is transferred and conducted online, older adults frequently find themselves without the skills to participate effectively. This is frequently confounded by limited physical mobility and a decrease in their social network and contact. This paper examines the lived reality of that process and how digital technology could be used to enhance the life activity of older adults and their wellbeing by increasing their social network. Seventeen older adults (10 female, 7 male Mage = 71.67, SDage = 10.05) participated in two focus groups that each lasted approximately 90 min. Interpretative phenomenological analysis yielded two main themes: digital technology serving as a tool to disempower and empower. Findings support evidence of a digital divide and how that divide is evolving from the ideographic perspective of digitally-engaged older adults and for society. Discussions also surround barriers to digital technology use for older adults, the codification of digital technology use within society, and how older adults use digital technology in a facilitative and inclusive way to empower themselves and protect them from the negative effects of the digital divide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the evaluation of the synchronization of three emotional measurement methods (automatic facial expression recognition, self-report, electrodermal activity) and their agreement regarding learners’ emotions. Data were collected from 67 undergraduates enrolled at a North American University whom learned about a complex science topic while interacting with MetaTutor, a multi-agent computerized learning environment. Videos of learners’ facial expressions captured with a webcam were analyzed using automatic facial recognition software (FaceReader 5.0). Learners’ physiological arousal was recorded using Affectiva’s Q-Sensor 2.0 electrodermal activity measurement bracelet. Learners’ self-reported their experience of 19 different emotional states on five different occasions during the learning session, which were used as markers to synchronize data from FaceReader and Q-Sensor. We found a high agreement between the facial and self-report data (75.6%), but low levels of agreement between them and the Q-Sensor data, suggesting that a tightly coupled relationship does not always exist between emotional response components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a mixed-methods approach to examine the relation between online academic disclosure and academic performance. A multi-ethnic sample of college students ( N = 261; male = 66; female = 195; M age ≈ 22 years) responded to open-ended questions about their Facebook use. Thematic analysis revealed that over 14% of the Facebook wall posts/status updates ( N = 714) contained academic themes; positive states were more frequent than negative and neutral states and students with lower GPAs expressed negative states more often. A path analysis suggested that academic performance may determine college students’ Facebook use, rather than the reverse. Implications for student support services are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cross-sectional study of a large, middle-school student sample ( N = 966) was presented in this paper aiming to examine how parental behavior and self-control influence Internet addiction (IA) among Chinese adolescents. Fifty-one adolescents (the top 5% of IA score distribution) were categorized as at high risk. Males were more likely addicted to Internet than females. MANOVA demonstrated that, compared with non-IA group, adolescents with IA revealed lower mean score for parental positive support behavior and higher for parental negative control behavior and had lower capacity of self-control. SEM analyses revealed that low capacity of self-control had a negative correlation with parents’ positive support and a positive correlation with negative control. More importantly, Internet addiction was explained negatively by parents’ positive support and positively by parents’ negative control and individual low capacity of self-control. Further mediating analyses indicated that self-control accounted for an indirect role between parental behavior and adolescents’ Internet addiction. The findings of the present study are of significance in investigating adolescents’ problem behaviors and very helpful to provide educational advice for intervening in these behaviors. Moreover, the present finding’s potential relevance to Confucian styles of filial parenting was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper measures flow in the context of gamification and investigates the psychometric properties of the Dispositional Flow Scale-2 (DFS-2). We employ data gathered from users of an exercise gamification service ( N = 200). The results show that the original DFS-2 factorial structure does result in a similar model fit as the original work. However, we also present a factorial respecification that satisfies more recent model fit thresholds. Beyond validating the original DFS-2 instrument in the context of gamification, the psychometric analysis and the respecifications suggest that the components of flow divide into highly correlated conditions of flow (which were also found to be more salient in the context of gamification: autotelic experience, balance of skill and challenge, control, clear goals, and feedback) and into possible outcomes ( merging action-awareness, concentration , loss of sense of time , and loss of self-consciousness ) from achieving flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of screen devices has become a standard practice in modern parenting. Research has shown that screen devices can be strategically used as tools, either for babysitting or for educational support. We surveyed 4,907 parents of preschool children from China to investigate how different devices (including TV, tablet, computer and paper-based books) may channel parental efficacy (or the lack of it) to home literacy practices. We found that parents with low parental efficacy were more likely to give their children all three kinds of screen devices, among which TV and tablet were detrimental to home literacy practices whereas computers, like books, were complementary to home literacy practices. Latent profile analysis showed that parents who allowed their children a high frequency of TV or tablet use had the poorest home literacy practices. In comparison, parents who provided fewer books but allowed high frequency of computer use while restricting TV or tablet use came from the lowest SES backgrounds in the sample, but they reported average levels of parenting efficacy and an average amount of home literacy practices. Only parents who felt efficacious about their parenting capabilities provided more paper-based picture books, thus generating optimal home literacy practices. Given the evidence from our finding that parents' lack of efficacy is a predictor of increased child TV and tablet viewing time and decreased home literacy practices, we need to consider whether such practices arise from a chronic sense of anxiety about parenting effectively rather than efforts to temporarily soothe or entertain the children. More effort is needed to help parents manage their anxiety and to teach parents how to realize and exploit the educational values afforded by the advancing media technology. • Parental inefficacy was positively associated with children's screen time. • TV and tablet use were associated with fewer home literacy practices. • Book and computer use were associated with more engagement in home literacy practices. • The findings suggest parents strategically manage children's screen time as a response to their lack of parenting efficacy. • Parents need help to manage their parenting anxiety and use screen technology in educationally productive ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how the COVID-19 pandemic associates with Twitch users' emotion, using natural language processing (NLP) as a method. Two comparable sets of text data were collected from Twitch internet relay chats (IRCs): one after the outbreak of the pandemic and another one before that. Positive emotion, negative emotion, and attitude to social interaction were tested by comparing the two text sets via a dictionary-based NLP program. Particularly regarding negative emotion, three negative emotions—anger, anxiety, and sadness—were measured given the nature of the pandemic. The results show that users' anger and anxiety significantly increased after the outbreak of the pandemic, while changes in sadness and positive emotion were not statistically significant. In terms of attitude to social interaction, users used significantly fewer "social" words after the outbreak of the pandemic than before. These findings were interpreted considering the nature of Twitch as a unique live mixed media platform, and how the COVID-19 pandemic is different from previous crisis events was discussed based on prior literature. • During the COVID-19 pandemic, Twitch users feel more anger and anxiety than before. • During the COVID-19 pandemic, Twitch users employ fewer social words than before. • Crisis events generally make people integrate, but the COVID-19 pandemic does not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced online product presentation technologies such as virtual mirrors enable consumers to experience products like they are actually present with them in the real world. This study is one of the first to address the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. Inspired by literature on media technology the concept of local presence is put forward and applied to the online consumer behavior domain. A key objective of this paper is to examine whether local presence adds to our understanding of how emerging product presentation formats influence online product experiences. To this end, a laboratory experiment ( N = 366) was conducted with product presentation format as a three level (pictures, 360-spin rotation, and virtual mirror) independent variable, allowing for a comparison of the effectiveness of different presentation formats in creating perceptions of local presence. As a second objective, the influence of local presence on perceptions of product tangibility and product likability, two key facets of the online product experience, were assessed. The results, obtained with the use of analysis of variance and partial least squares modeling, show the superiority of the virtual mirror in creating local presence, and demonstrate that local presence is highly predictive of product tangibility and product likability. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of means to generate and disseminate fake, sexualised images of others for the purposes of financial gain, harassment, or sexual gratification, there is a need to assess and understand the public's awareness and judgements of said behaviour. In two independently-sampled studies, we used moderation (Study 1; n = 290, 42% female) and linear mixed effects (Study 2; n = 364, 51% female) analyses to investigate whether judgements of deepfaking (measured across 12 self-report items) differed as a function of victim status (celebrity, non-celebrity), victim and participant demographics, and image use (sharing, own sexual gratification), whilst controlling for the potential covariates of psychopathy and beliefs about a just world. We consistently observed more lenient judgements of deepfake generation and dissemination for victims who were celebrities and male, and when images were created for self-sexual gratification rather than being shared. Moreover, lenient judgements, as well as proclivity to act were predicted by greater levels of psychopathy. We discuss our findings in the context of future research needing to better understand the general public's rationale for said disparity in judgements, as well as identifying and combating barriers to disclose victimisation. Open data and a preprint of this paper are available at https://osf.io/fp85q/?view%5fonly = 8006547d6a524f4fbb9dd55005c73319. • Sexualised deepfake media production is rapidly growing Worldwide. • Deepfake judgements are generally more lenient if victims are celebrities and/or male. • Psychopathy and belief in a just world predict proclivity to generate and disseminate images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies antecedents to frustration arising in micro-task crowd work (MTCW) and measures their impact on a frustrating work experience. Surprisingly, research to date has said little on frustration in MTCW, despite it being a central challenge to working persistently in these increasingly important socio-technical work environments. Guided by an experiential computing perspective, we applied a mixed-method approach to reveal how the interplay between platforms and other workers' behavior shapes frustration experienced in MTCW. We present qualitative and quantitative findings on frustration in virtual MTCW. Based on 96 narratives, we qualitatively identify three dominant antecedents to frustration: technical problems in conducting tasks, platform competition and, the inability to disconnect from work. We subsequently conducted a quantitative two-wave survey (N = 181), to test the factors' impacts on MTCW frustration. The results confirm the three factors and additionally reveal that autonomy largely reduces frustration. However, autonomy also reinforces frustration arising from the inability to disconnect from work. Thus, workers' inability to disconnect from work can lure them into excessive availability for taking on additional tasks. Thereby, workers experience additional frustration and underutilize the benefits of autonomy in crowd work. Our manuscript offers three central contributions: First, we identify frustration as pivotal in the experience of MTCW and its antecedents. Second, we shed light on the heterogenous role of autonomy in relation to MTCW frustration. Finally, we link the findings on frustrating MTCW experience to experiential computing. • Identifying antecedents of experienced frustration in micro-task crowd work (MTCW) • Platform competition, technical problems, inability to disconnect spur frustration • Autonomy decreases frustration and eases coping with technical problems • Autonomy reinforces frustration from workers with inability to disconnect from MTCW [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social Networking Sites have significant potential to reveal valuable explicit as well as implicit statistics and patterns when deep learning is applied to their raw and unstructured data. Tweets posted by the users on their timeline not only reflect their mindset, their likes and dislikes but could also be used to unveil significant amount of information about many psychological aspects and behavior that may be hard to study directly. This paper aims to predict the personality of the 100 real-time Twitter users conforming to personality traits in the BIG 5 model by extracting features from their tweets using ensemble of CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) and BiLSTM (Bidirectional Long Short Memory). The findings of our experiment shows that our model performs slightly better than previous baselines methods achieving an accuracy 75.134% on testing data. We have further hypothesized that unrestricted data available on Twitter may contain features that can be used to predict the personality of its user. It was concluded that personality of Twitter users in the real world is reflected in their online behaviour, reinforcing the premise that the nature of online interactions does not significantly differ from that of real-world interactions. Overall, the study provides a deep insight into the impact of social media data in providing predictive indicators of user behavior. • Twitter data can provide predictive indicators of user behavior. • We hypothesized personality of an individual is highly correlated with their online behavior. • The study aims to predict the personality of Indian Twitter users. • Deep learning ensemble model has been employed for the study. • It is observed that nature of online interactions does not differ from real-world interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decades, research has claimed facial micro-expressions are a reliable means to detect deception. However, experimental results showed that trained and naïve human judges observing facial micro-expressions can distinguish liars from truth-tellers with an accuracy just slightly above the chance level. More promising results recently came from the field of artificial intelligence, in which machine learning (ML) techniques are used to identify micro-expressions and are trained to distinguish deceptive statements from genuine ones. In this paper, we test the ability of different feature extraction methods (i.e., improved dense trajectories, OpenFace) and ML techniques (i.e., support vector machines vs. deep neural networks) to distinguish liars from truth-tellers based on facial micro-expressions, using a new video data set collected in low-stakes situations. During the interviews, a technique to increase liars' cognitive load was applied, facilitating cues of lies to emerge. Results highlighted that support vector machines (SVMs) coupled with OpenFace resulted in the best performing method (AUC = 0.72 videos without cognitive load; AUC = 0.78 videos with cognitive load). All the tested classifiers performed better when a cognitive load was imposed on the interviewee, confirming that the technique of increasing cognitive load during an interview facilitates deception recognition. In the same task, human judges obtained an accuracy of 57%. Results are discussed and compared with the previous literature, confirming that artificial intelligence performs better than humans in lie-detection tasks do, even when humans have more information to make a decision. • Automatic systems are better than humans in detecting deception from videos. • AI is a promising methodology to detect deception through facial micro-expressions. • AI performs better when the cognitive load of the interviewees is increased. • SVM is more able in distinguish liars from truth-tellers when trained with AUs as features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to their conversational capabilities, smart speaker-based voice assistants are gaining attention for their potential to support the aging population, though the empirical evidence is still scarce. This paper aims to obtain empirical evidence on older adults' experiences with a voice assistant. We especially focused on how their perception and use change over time as they progress from novice to more experienced users through a longitudinal field deployment study. We deployed Google Home devices in the homes of twelve older adults aged 65 and above and studied their use for sixteen weeks. Results show that the benefits our participants perceived have incrementally changed from enjoying simplicity and convenience of operation in the early phase of the study to not worrying about making mistakes and building digital companionship as they got used to using it. Results also show that participants confronted several challenges that evolved from the unfamiliarity with a voice assistant in their first interactions to coping with the functional errors due to limited speech technology as they got used to using it. Based on the results, we discuss design implications that could foster better user experiences with a voice assistant among older adults. • This study investigated older adults' use of a voice assistant over time. • Perceived benefits in the early phase were simplicity and convenience of operation. • Benefits later changed to unworried of making mistakes and digital companionship. • Challenges were due to unfamiliarity with voice interaction and technical flaws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For most people, telework during the COVID-19 pandemic necessitates the increased use of digital tools. Although working from home can enhance flexibility, it comes with various psychological challenges, all of which can be substantially exacerbated for people during the COVID-19 pandemic. The increased need to use digital tools can create cognitive overload that may negatively impact work productivity and well-being. The idea of digital detox has received increasing attention in the last few years as a means for recovering from stress caused by the use of digital media. This paper presents an analysis of the relationships between the use of digital work tools, the feeling of cognitive overload, digital detox measures, perceived work performance, and well-being. Results from an online survey (N = 403) conducted during the period of strict lockdown measures in Germany in April and May 2020 indicate that the relationship between the use of text-based tools and well-being, but not perceived job performance, is mediated by cognitive overload. These relationships were not found for the use of videoconferencing tools. However, for users of these tools, the number of digital detox measures moderates the relationship between cognitive overload and the perception of work demands. • Online survey (N = 403) conducted during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany. • Increased use of text-based online tools is related to enhanced cognitive overload. • Cognitive overload is negatively associated with well-being but not work performance. • These relationships were not found for the use of digital videoconferencing tools. • For videoconferencing tools, a moderation of digital detox was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Techno-stressors stemming from the use of information technology (IT) have become a major source of stress in the modern workplace. While research shows that techno-stressors negatively affect employees' work attitudes and performance, little is known about their effects on employees' non-work lives. This research investigates the impact of techno-stressors on work-life balance and examines job self-efficacy as a buffer of this negative impact via the attenuating effect of emotional exhaustion. We conducted two survey studies. Study 1 collected data through a paper-and-pencil survey from 316 IT workers in a northern China IT company. Study 2 replicated and strengthened Study 1 by collecting longitudinal data through an online survey platform from 646 southern China female workers across diverse occupations. The results showed that techno-stressors negatively affected work-life balance, but job self-efficacy buffered employees from this negative effect by reducing their emotional exhaustion. Our findings extend understanding of techno-stressors' effects on individuals' non-work domains and shed light on how to cope with techno-stressors. • Techno-stressors are becoming major sources of stress in the modern workplace. • Techno-stressors negatively affect work-life balance. • Employees with high job self-efficacy suffer less from techno-stressors. • The buffering role of job self-efficacy works through lowering emotional exhaustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embodied conversational agents are often included in health behaviour change applications as intelligent virtual coaches. A major challenge in their development is tailoring coaching dialogues to user profiles. Agents should collect information about the user and consequently adapt the strategy that guides their interactions. Previous research discovered relations between users' motivation profiles and potential effective coaching strategies. In the current paper, we describe an experiment with multiple agents that tests if users with certain motivation profiles prefer certain (tailored) strategies. Participants were classified into four motivation groups (Intrinsic Motivation, External Regulation, Dual Motivation, A-motivation), following their responses to a questionnaire on motivation towards healthy living. Then, two coaches suggested a positively and a negatively tailored strategy. Participants rated these and chose their favourite. Results (N = 108) show that the Dual Motivation group appreciated their positively tailored strategy more than their negatively tailored strategy, while intrinsically motivated participants appreciated both strategies. Furthermore, agents' likeability does not seem to influence strategy appreciation, while there was an effect of participant's age and gender. We conclude that coaching strategies for dialogues with agents can be tailored to personal motivation to live healthy. Future research should focus on performing a long-term study in a real-life setting. • Tailoring of coaching strategies is explored in a multi-agent application. • Personal motivation to live healthy can be used to tailor coaching strategies. • People can be both intrinsically motivated and externally regulated. • Participants' age and gender influence the appreciation of coaching strategies. • Likeability of the presenting agent did not influence strategy appreciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problematic smartphone usage, associated with impaired daily functioning, has gained increased attention among researchers. However, extant research is focusing on adolescents and younger adults. This paper investigates smartphone usage among older adults, of which less is known. To do so, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 154 smartphone users (60+ years) in Norway using structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). We examined the contributing roles of loneliness, habit, social influence, emotional gain, fear of missing out, self-control, and problematic smartphone usage. We further investigated how older adults engage with their smartphones. Our findings suggest that older adults use smartphones for various social and non-social reasons and that social media and news reading are the most common use areas. Furthermore, we found a low prevalence of problematic smartphone usage among older adults. Whereas social influence and habit were strong predictors of smartphone usage among older adults, loneliness was not. Fear of missing out was not prevalent among older adults. As we expected, higher self-control was associated with lower problematic smartphone use. Finally, we discuss the contributions and implications of our findings. • Little is known about smartphone usage among older adults. • Habit and social influence affect their smartphone usage. Loneliness has less influence. • Older adults use their smartphones for both social and non-social purposes. • Social media and news reading are the most prominent use areas. • Problematic smartphone usage is not prevalent among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the entire world, while the impact and usage of online learning environments has greatly increased. This paper presents a new version of the ReaderBench framework, grounded in Cohesion Network Analysis, which can be used to evaluate the online activity of students as a plug-in feature to Moodle. A Recurrent Neural Network with LSTM cells that combines global features, including participation and initiation indices, with a time series analysis on timeframes is used to predict student grades, while multiple sociograms are generated to observe interaction patterns. Students' behaviors and interactions are compared before and during COVID-19 using two consecutive yearly instances of an undergraduate course in Algorithm Design, conducted in Romanian using Moodle. The COVID-19 outbreak generated an off-balance, a drastic increase in participation, followed by a decrease towards the end of the semester, compared to the academic year 2018–2019 when lower fluctuations in participation were observed. The prediction model for the 2018–2019 academic year obtained an R 2 of 0.27, while the model for the second year obtained a better R 2 of 0.34, a value arguably attributable to an increased volume of online activity. Moreover, the best model from the first academic year is partially generalizable to the second year, but explains a considerably lower variance (R 2 = 0.13). In addition to the quantitative analysis, a qualitative analysis of changes in student behaviors using comparative sociograms further supported conclusions that there were drastic changes in student behaviors observed as a function of the COVID-19 pandemic. • We evaluate students' behaviors before and during COVID-19 as a plug-in to Moodle. • A RNN combines global features with time series analysis to predict student grades. • Multiple sociograms are generated to observe interaction patterns. • A significant increase in online participation is observed during the pandemic. • The prediction model obtained an R 2 of 0.27 and 0.34 for the two academic years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-presentation, the social process by which people reveal information about themselves and perform the social roles that structure everyday interactions, has been significantly altered by today's social technologies. Where Goffman's influential self-presentation framework focused on in-person, real-time role performances, today's technologies routinely involve viewing text and visual content aggregated over time and linked to an individual's persistent online identity, the capacity for both ephemeral and more permanent content, and novel modes of audience engagement such as liking and commenting. These new socio-technical affordances not only allow for novel behaviors, but also alter the temporal dynamics of the self-presentation process in ways that are not well understood. In this paper we address this gap through an interview study of 32 young gay and bisexual male (GBM) Instagram users in the United States. Results extend our understanding of the relationship between social technology affordances and the temporal dynamics of self-presentation. We show how participants drew on Instagram's affordances for identity persistence, content persistence and audience engagement to slow down or speed up their role performances to particular audiences, to increase the visibility of their performances without appearing overtly to seek attention, and to make their audience at any given point in time a part of the performance seen by future audiences. • Unlike in-person, performing social roles online can occur across multiple time scales. • The temporality of online affordances and self-presentation are interrelated and used strategically by participants. • Audience plays a novel role in social media self-presentation, akin to extras on a film set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper compares the ability of users to take the perspective of a self-controlled avatar with the extent to which the perspective of an independently acting avatar is taken. In two experiments we showed that the participants were able to prioritize the perspective of the self-controlled avatar performing their actions over the perspective of the independently-acting avatar. Since the spatial frames of reference of both avatars were comparable, the participants' prioritization of the avatar's perspective was mainly attributed to the extent to which the participants had control over the avatar's actions (Experiment 1). Even in a direct confrontation with an independently-acting avatar, participants adopted the perspective of the self-controlled avatar (Experiment 2). Based on these results, we concluded that it is easier to take the perspective of a self-controlled avatar than an independently-acting avatar. • In two laboratory experiments, we examined the mechanisms leading to spatial perspective taking towards virtual avatars. • The more the virtual avatar responded to the user's actions, the more the users took the avatar's perspective. • Users took the self-avatar's perspective and prioritized its perspective over the perspective of another avatar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive Open Online Courses have provided researchers with considerable opportunities to assess student learning within technically mediated online environments. However, for most reported studies, analyses are conducted from a single MOOC or over multiple MOOCs with different learner enrolments. Thus, this limits the opportunities to assess the changing behavior of learners over time. In this paper, the behavioral engagement of 175 students was examined, who were enrolled in a professional development study program consisting of four different MOOCs, comprising a complete program of study. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to understand the changing behavior of learners within each course and across the MOOC program. To do this, we used latent class analysis, a clustering technique widely used in other fields, but mostly unexplored within educational technology research. Our results revealed six weekly learning strategies based on student course engagement and three different program-level learning strategies, which not only differed in their learning behavior but also their final academic outcomes. Our study also showed substantial effects of MOOC course design on the level of student engagement in the courses. The results and implications are further discussed. • We describe a learning analytics method for the assessment of study strategies in MOOCs. • The method is based on Latent Class Analysis (LCA) measurement model and enables fine-grained evaluation of study behavior. • We assessed student study strategies across four-course professional development program. • We identified four program-level strategies comprising of six weekly study strategies. • The identified strategies were associated with different level of student engagement and course success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of online consumer reviews on online purchase decisions has increased with the growth of e-commerce. This paper tries to explain how rating dispersion impacts the process of review consumption based on the heuristic systematic model. For this research, 10,198 online consumer reviews for 516 DVD products were collected from Amazon.com using a web data crawler. Our results show that when trusting average ratings (i.e., when rating dispersion is low), the incentive to read individual reviews decreases because of the principle of least effort. In this case, consumers consider average ratings to be representative of collective intelligence, so rating inconsistency negatively impacts review helpfulness. On the other hand, when average ratings are not trusted (i.e., when rating dispersion is high), the incentive to read individual reviews increases because of the principle of sufficiency. When it happens, extreme ratings affects review helpfulness more because extreme opinions are not ambiguous. Our findings provide new perspectives to address the inconsistent findings of the previous studies on rating and review helpfulness, and the practical implications for e-commerce platforms. • Online review information processing is related to how much consumers trust average product ratings. • Consumers tend to trust the average ratings when the dispersion of ratings is low. • When rating dispersion is high, extreme rating positively affects review helpfulness. • When rating dispersion is low, rating inconsistency negatively impacts review helpfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]