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Highlights: [•] Microstructure evolution of Ca-def HA coating was systematically investigated. [•] Poor crystalline Ca-def HA has been formed at the deposition time of 5min. [•] Reasons for direct formation of Ca-def HA coating on Mg–Zn–Ca alloy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The synthesis method significantly influenced MnCo 2 O 4 spinel properties and catalytic performance. • The hydrothermal method catalyst for NH 3 -SCR of NO x exhibited excellent performance. • The hydrothermal MnCo 2 O 4 catalyst high activity was attributed to redox properties and acid sites. • In situ DRIFTS and reaction kinetics studies provided reaction mechanism was affected by the reaction temperature. Selective catalytic reduction of NO x with NH 3 (NH 3 -SCR) technology is a highly efficient NO x abatement technology and denitrification catalysts play a crucial role. In this article, the catalytic efficiencies of synthesized MnCo 2 O 4 spinel for low temperature NH 3 -SCR by three methods including the coprecipitation, hydrothermal and sol–gel method were evaluated. The results showed that the hydrothermal catalyst had excellent performance which had nearly 100 % NO conversion within 100–200 °C and extremely high stability. Various analytical techniques were employed to explore the reasons for the differences in catalytic activity of catalysts from preparation methods. The characterization result proved the hydrothermal method catalyst indicated excellent performance owing to its larger specific surface area, high contents of Mn4+ and Co3+, abundant weak acid sites and redox properties. The MnCo 2 O 4 spinel prepared via the hydrothermal method exhibited remarkable efficacy in reducing the energy barrier of catalytic reactions, thereby enhancing the SCR reaction rate. Through in situ DRIFTS experiments and reaction kinetics studies, the SCR reaction mechanism on the optimal catalyst was described in detail, and it was proposed that both the L-H and the E-R mechanism were followed on the catalyst, and there was a relationship with the reaction temperature. The E-R mechanism progressively emerged as the prevailing reaction pathway with increasing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A ceria/calcium-phosphate functional composite coating was constructed on magnesium alloy by two-step electrodeposition. • The construction approach endows multi-functions of the coating. • Formation mechanism of the coating was proposed. • Corrosion behavior, hemocompatibility, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial property of the coating were investigated. Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been regarded as potential orthopedic implant materials due to their suitable properties but face challenges due to rapid biocorrosion and insufficient bio-functionality, necessitating surface treatment to mitigate dysfunction. In this work, a two-step electrodeposition was employed to construct a ceria/calcium-phosphate (Ce/Ca-P) composite coating on Mg alloys. This construction approach endows multi-functions of the coating. The ceria interlayer ameliorates adhesion strength. The pin-like structure on the outer layer of the Ce/Ca-P coating enhances the antibacterial capabilities of the coating in the early stages of the implantation. The calcium-phosphate outer layer and the ceria interlayer induce the deposition of calcium and phosphate ions promoting bone healing in the mid-term. The introduction of the ceria interlayer significantly reduces the corrosion rate of the Mg alloy by 86.7% improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy, which is of great significance to maintain the service reliability of the device during the long-term service period. The results indicate that the Ce/Ca-P coating exhibits good hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. This type of developed coating with anti-corrosive and bio-functionalized capability helpfully advances the application of Mg-based bone implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The OH-terminated MAO surface promoted the generation of TiO2 layer. [•] The interface was bonded by the interaction of phosphate radical and Ti–O bond. [•] The chemically anchored interface contributed to the in vitro degradation slowdown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A Mg phosphate coating was prepared on home-developed Mg–Zn–Ca alloy to improve its anticorrosion performance in simulated body fluid (SBF, Kokubo solution). The coating was prepared by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method at the working voltage of 120–140V. Evident improvement of anticorrosion was obtained even through the surface was porous. To further diminish the contact with SBF, a TiO2 layer was coated on the porous MAO layer by sol–gel dip coating followed by an annealing treatment. The coatings were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). The electrochemical performance of the MAO and TiO2/MAO coated alloys was evaluated by anodic polarization measurements. The pores on Mg phosphate layer provided accommodation sites for the subsequent TiO2 sol–gel coating which sealed the pores and hence significantly enhanced the anticorrosion while single MAO coating only improve anticorrosion within a limited range. The present result indicates that fabrication of composite coatings is a significant strategy to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg–Zn–Ca alloy and other alloys, thus enhancing the potential of using Mg alloys as bio-implants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A nano TiO2 film was coated on AZ31 alloy substrate by sol–gel method. The TiO2 film was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TG), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). The degradation of the nano-TiO2 coated alloy was evaluated by immersion test and electrochemical measurement. An attempt was made to relate corrosion of coated alloys with the annealing treatment and resultant structural evolution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Magnesium alloys have been widely investigated in the field of biomaterials due to their moderate mechanical properties close to human bone and gradual degradation in human physiological environment without second surgeries. But results from clinical studies showed that magnesium implants suffered from too rapid degradation in human physiological environment. To reduce the degradation rate of magnesium alloys, surface modification is essential and effective besides element alloying. In this study, TiO2 films were deposited on Mg–Zn alloy by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering. The morphology and structure of the films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion resistance in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and hydrogen evolution tests. The corrosion behavior of the samples was investigated by SEM with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) after immersion for different periods. The results showed that the compact films were composed of particles with the size of about 100nm and could effectively improve the corrosion resistance in SBF. After immersion for 10 days, the corrosion rates of the substrates and samples with TiO2 films were 4.13mm/y and 1.95mm/y, respectively. During the immersion, the TiO2 films could induce the growth of hydroxyapatite (HAp) to improve the bioactivity of the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]