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This paper explores the connections between archival research and teaching as an adjunct faculty member and mother. The form of the essay is an example of the "I-Search paper," a first-person account of the research process. In I-Search papers, authors start with the "search story," where they explain their initial research questions, then describe their "search results" in detail, including the primary sources they found, and end with a reflection on the research process. This essay is two I-Search papers in one—bringing together the experience of reading about students' historical research experiences with the author's own version of a research story. The essay is about teaching and research and their intersections, and especially what teaching has taught the author about research. The account of the individual research experience touches on the archival experiences of frustration and boredom, and the tension between wanting to find something in the archives and coming away with something else, and ends with a reflection on how our personal circumstances can impact our research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When toilet paper disappeared from store shelves across Japan in November 1973, the housewives who searched their neighborhood markets and stood in long lines for the scarce packs were described as unwitting perpetrators of a "toilet paper panic." The word "panic" evoked well-established notions of a social frenzy, irrational and overwrought. This article overturns a conception of panic laden with condescension and adopts, instead, a more empathetic approach to examining why a run on toilet paper and other daily necessities occurred in late 1973, and why it resonated so deeply across Japan as a "panic." In the broader context of the early 1970s, the toilet paper scare and its characterization as a "panic" can be understood as responses to sweeping and multifaceted economic challenges that destabilized daily life and threatened to upend middle-class lifestyles. After more than fifteen years of high economic growth, that sense of middle-class comfort and security was shaken by shortages and inflation as well as mounting evidence of government ineptitude and corporate profiteering. Buffeted by insecurity and uncertainty, Japanese "middle-classness" as both an experience and an ideal had never seemed as vulnerable as it did in the early 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For five hundred eighty days, between 2018 and 2019, former Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva remained imprisoned in the city of Curitiba, about two hundred miles South of São Paulo. During that period, more than twenty thousand letters were sent to him from all regions of the country—the result of a campaign initiated by the Workers' Party and rapidly disseminated through social media—correspondence now archived at the Lula Institute, in the city of São Paulo, as part of the Lula Presidential Archives. This article surveys the status of private presidential archives in Brazil, probing the nature of "prison letters" and their uses in campaign actions for Lula's release, with special attention to the circulation of documents in digital format on websites and social media. The authors had access to the documentation cited in this piece during the mobilization for the Lula Livre movements. Finally, the article contributes to the study of political correspondence and analyzes the challenges posed to historical research by the digital circulation of documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes the late Qajar court and harem as a historically specific site through which we can examine the complex and diverse histories of slavery within the region in the nineteenth century, as well as the ways in which hierarchies of race, gender, and sex functioned as constitutive elements of this institution. I examine a particular albeit very elite site, Nasir al-Din Shah's harem, occupied by a variety of enslaved and formerly enslaved constituents who were a product of the evolving slave trade. The essay ends by zooming in on the lives (and afterlives) of two eunuchs, Aziz Khan and Agha Bahram, who were part of the servant class of Gulistan Palace during Nasir al-Din Shah's reign, and whose life trajectories offer us some insight into the racial and gendered legacies of late nineteenth-century slavery in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on the discovery of papers on Soviet socialism written by Leon Trotsky and his son, Lev Sedov, in the Boris I. Nicolaevsky Collection in the Archives of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace at Stanford University in California. Contribution of Leon Trotsky to the study of Russian history; Other repositories in which Trotsky papers can be found; Content of and period covered by the Hoover Institution papers.

Presents a commentary on three articles which compared issues related to the French, British and American histories during the late 18th century. Races considered as creoles or mestizos in a nation; Problems of identity experienced by the people of multiracial countries; Analysis on the concept of nationalism in the international context.

Reviewed: The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers. Vol. 2: 27 August 1919-31 August 1920. Hill, Robert A., ed.

Reviewed: The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers. Vol. 3: September 1920-August 1921. Hill, Robert A., ed.

Reviewed: The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers. Vol. 4: 1 September 1921-2 September 1922. Hill, Robert A., ed.

Reviewed: The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers. Vol. 1: 1826-August 1919. Hill, Robert A. and Rudisell, Carol A., ed.

An editorial is presented on the issue of scholarly publishing. The editor discusses the change in paper used to print "The American Historical Review" and the reasons for the change, the challenges faced in scholarly publishing, and the challenge of how subscribers read either the print or the online version of periodicals.

Presents a list of essays featured in the book "Occasional Papers in Romanian Studies. Moldova, Bessarabia, Transnistria," no. 3, edited by Rebecca Haynes. "The Holocaust in Transnistria: An Overview in the Light of Recent Research," by Dennis Deletant; "Security Concerns in Post-Soviet Moldova," by Trevor R. W. Waters; "The Conflict in the Transnistrian Region of the Republic of Moldova," by Adrian Pop.

This paper seeks to position the Scramble for Africa in the context of the continent's transformative, global nineteenth century. While imperial historiography develops apace, Africa-facing analyses of the continent's partition and the processes which led to it are increasingly rare. European expansion into Africa was characterized by an aggressive dynamism, and millions of Africans experienced profound crisis in the process of the establishment of colonial rule. Yet Africa's revolutionary nineteenth century was both driven by, and culminated in, complex processes of co-option on the part of Africans and Europeans. The paper proposes that a more Africa-centered assessment of the Scramble is possible, one which aims to contextualize the partition of the continent as part of an ongoing, endogenously shaped but often exogenously connected, transformation in political, economic, and social organization and behavior. While no single overarching theory can apply to the entire continent, it is possible to identify dynamics and processes for change that recur across Africa, from political and military reform to economic innovation. These point toward possibilities for reframing Africa's development in the late precolonial period, and enable us to challenge the hegemony long enjoyed by scholars of European empires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviewed: The Authority of Publius: A Reading of 'The Federalist Papers.' Furtwangler, Albert.

Today, Jōkichi Takamine and Albert Calmette are known for their contribution to the history of medicine. Yet their early careers centered not on medicine, but on biotechnology, and on parallel projects to bring a food processing technology used across Asia to new audiences around the world. In the end, they both succeeded, but in very different ways. Takamine would make his fortune with "Taka-Diastase," a patent digestive aid once popular around the world; Calmette would help develop the "Amylo Process" of industrial brewing and distilling used as the basis of exploitative alcohol monopolies in colonial Indochina and Formosa. Understanding how a single technology could take on two radically different forms provides a unique opportunity to explore entanglements of science, empire, and capitalism in a globalizing world. Empires and capitalist enterprises combined to send mold along pathways that both reflected and transcended imperial boundaries. And as it traveled, mold was remade by—and in turn helped to remake—the political economies it encountered. Today, when the products of mold technologies are part of our daily lives, it's tempting to see globalization in terms of seamless, uniform, and seemingly inevitable outcomes. This paper focuses attention instead on alternative paths, contingent and deeply inequitable processes, and the way science, empire, and capitalism produced the modern world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviewed: The Paper: The Life and Death of the 'New York Herald Tribune.' Kluger, Richard.

The article provides information on submitting a letter to the editor and notes a correction to a review of the book "Freedom Papers: An Atlantic Odyssey in the Age of Emancipation," by Rebecca J. Scott and Jean M. Hébrard, published in the April 2013 issue.

Between 1814 and 1831, French slave traders trafficked approximately 200,000 individuals. Among those, a small but still surprising number stopped over in Haiti on their return voyage after selling captives elsewhere in the Americas. Using the case of the brigantine the Marcelin as its prime example, this article shows how legitimate commodity trading with Haiti served as a cover for illicit French slaving in the era of slave-trade abolition. The article situates the Marcelin within a "second slave trade," which emerged as European countries abolished the transatlantic trade on paper but continued it in practice. Because the second slave trade was illegal, it left a very limited historical trace. This article reconstructs its contours from fragmentary archival evidence, while arguing that, ultimately, the archive itself does violence to the history of the nineteenth-century slave trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is easy to presume that age's legal value rests in the autonomy and rights that accrue to the liberal (male, propertied) citizen who has reached the age of majority. But this is not universally so. In Spain's American colonies, legal age talk involved multiplying privileges rather than exclusionary subtraction. Few indigenous peoples, enslaved people of African descent, or members of the free casta poor tallied the years they had lived in a manner that meets modern standards of precision. Instead, the ages that Spanish American officials set down on paper in criminal trials, censuses, and freedom suits derived from complicated cultural equations, including reconciling local ethno-numeracies with European counting systems. For all its seeming imprecision, age was of critical importance to colonial Spanish Americans, since rather than guaranteeing access to rights, age was a language that colonial subjects used to turn legal incapacities into beneficial protections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various papers that are presented in the AHR Forum on cultures of colonialism including one by Michael Goebel on migrants and anticolonialism in the interwar Paris, one by Joanthan Saha on the murdeer of the Christian Karen San Dwe in London, and one by Claire Wintle on docolonization in the Smithsonian.

The article discusses various papers published in the October 2016 issue including one the Ibis trilogy of the author Amitav Ghosh, one by Marc Matera on metropolitan cultures of empire and one by Claire Wintle on the Smithsonian Institution.

The article presents highlights of various papers published in previous issues including one by Henri Hauser on the French Reformation and French people in the 16th century, one by James Harvey Robinson on the study of the Lutheran revolt, and one by Herbert Darling Foster on the social and political context of the Reformation.

The article discusses papers presented in the journal's special section that examined the history of India, including David Gilmartin's paper on the judicial treatment of caste in India, Sujit Sivasundaram's assessment of the impact of colonialism on India and Mithi Mukherjee's exploration of freedom in the Gandhian nonviolent movement.

The article discusses the failure of historians to acknowledge a revolution during the second half of the nineteenth century. During this period, historians discarded sacred history as a factual account of human history and began to offer secularized alternatives. However, standard narratives found in textbooks never fully abandoned the geographical and chronological grip of sacred history. In this paper, the author argues that historians has never escaped the grip of sacred history. The paper also explores to create a space for writing a deep history of humankind that integrates the Paleolithic into the general framework of historical understanding.