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Summary Background Aims Methods Results Conclusions Faecal haemoglobin (f‐Hb) testing is used in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and increasingly to guide the investigation in patients with symptoms suggestive of CRC. Studies have demonstrated increased mortality with raised f‐Hb.To assess the association of raised f‐Hb with all‐cause, non‐CRC (any cause excluding CRC) and cause‐specific mortality.We searched Medline and Embase on 9 February 2024 to identify papers reporting mortality after faecal immunochemical (FIT) or guaiac faecal occult blood tests (gFOBT). The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality following a positive compared to a negative test.The search identified 3155 papers. Ten met the inclusion criteria: three reported gFOBT and seven reported FIT results, as screening tests. These reported a total of 14,687,625 f‐Hb results. Elevated f‐Hb was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause, non‐CRC and cause‐specific mortality including death from cardiovascular, digestive and respiratory diseases. Crude risk ratios for all‐cause mortality with a positive versus negative test were derived from six papers (three reporting gFOBT, three FIT). An increased risk was demonstrated in five, with RRs ranging from 1.11 (95% CI: 1.06–1.16) to 2.95 (95% CI: 2.85–3.05). For non‐CRC mortality risk, RRs ranged from 1.09 (95% CI: 1.04–1.15) to 2.79 (95% CI: 2.70–2.89). We did not perform meta‐analysis due to a limited number of papers reporting suitable results for each type of f‐Hb test.All‐cause, non‐CRC and cause‐specific mortality appear higher in those with raised f‐Hb. Population‐based studies are warranted to elicit whether this association occurs in symptomatic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Background Aims Methods Results Conclusions Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a major concern for oncology drugs in clinical practice and under development. Monitoring cancer patients for hepatotoxicity is challenging as these patients may have abnormal liver tests pre‐treatment or on‐study for many reasons including liver injury due to past oncology treatments, hepatic metastases, medical co‐morbidities such as heart failure, and concomitant medications. At present, there are no regulatory guidelines or position papers that systematically address best practices pertaining to DILI detection, assessment and management in oncology patients.The goals of this review are (1) to examine and interpret the available evidence and (2) to make recommendations for detection, monitoring, adjudication, and management of suspected hepatocellular DILI during oncology clinical trials.This manuscript was developed by the IQ Consortium (International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in pharmaceutical development) DILI Initiative that consists of members from 17 pharmaceutical companies, in collaboration with academic and regulatory DILI experts. The manuscript is based on extensive literature review, expert interpretation of the literature, and several rounds of consensus discussions.This review highlights recommendations for patient eligibility for clinical trials with or without primary/metastatic liver involvement, as well as changes in liver tests that should trigger increased monitoring and/or discontinuation of study drug. Guidance regarding causality assessment for suspected DILI events, rechallenge and dose‐modification is provided.This review brings together evidence‐based recommendations and expert opinion to provide the first dedicated consensus for best practices in detection, assessment, and management of DILI in oncology clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are congenital anomalies of the anorectum and the genitourinary system that result in a broad spectrum of hindgut anomalies. Despite surgical correction patients continue to have late postoperative genitourinary and colorectal dysfunction that have significant impact on quality of life. Aim: This paper will review the current evidence and discuss the evaluation and management of postoperative patients with ARMs who present with persistent defecation disorder. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE/EMBASE databases applying the following terms: ARMs, imperforate anus, constipation, faecal incontinence, neurogenic bowel, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty. Results: Patients who present with postoperative defecation disorders require timely diagnostic and surgical evaluation for anatomic abnormalities prior to initiation of bowel management. Goals of management are to avoid constipation in young children, achieve faecal continence in early childhood and facilitate independence in older children and adolescents. Treatment options vary from high dose stimulant laxatives to high‐volume retrograde and antegrade enemas that facilitate mechanical colonic emptying. Conclusions: Appropriate diagnostic work‐up and implementation of treatment can decrease long‐term morbidity and improve quality of life in postoperative patients with ARMs who presents with defecation disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Its prevalence is increasing with the epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome. MASLD progression into metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and advanced fibrosis may lead to decompensated cirrhosis and development of liver‐related events, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Monitoring disease progression is critical in decreasing morbidity, mortality, need for transplant and economic burden. Assessing for treatment response once FDA‐approved medications are available is still an unmet clinical need. Aims: To explore the most up‐to‐date literature on testing used for monitoring disease progression and treatment response Methods: We searched PubMed from inception to 15 August 2023, using the following MeSH terms: 'MASLD', 'Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease', 'MASH', 'metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis', 'Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'NAFLD', 'non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis', 'NASH', 'Biomarkers', 'clinical trial'. Articles were also identified through searches of the authors' files. The final reference list was generated based on originality and relevance to this review's broad scope, considering only papers published in English. Results: We have cited 101 references in this review detailing methods to monitor MASLD disease progression and treatment response. Conclusion: Various biomarkers can be used in different care settings to monitor disease progression. Further research is needed to validate noninvasive tests more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Jayasooriya et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17370. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Although enteropathy due to angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) has been known for over 10 years, clinicians' awareness of this condition is still low. Aims: To systematically review the literature about clinical phenotypes, distribution of mucosal changes throughout the gastrointestinal tract and prognosis of enteropathy due to ARBs. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed and Embase for relevant articles up to November 6, 2023. We included full‐text papers, letters, case reports and case series describing enteropathy due to ARBs. Patients were classified into subgroups based on endoscopic and histological findings of different regions of the gastrointestinal tract. The protocol was registered with Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TK67C). Results: We included 94 articles reporting 183 cases (101 female, mean age at diagnosis 69 ± 10 years). The clinical picture at diagnosis was characterised by severe diarrhoea (97%) and weight loss (84%, median −13 kg), leading to hospital admission in 167 (95%) patients. Olmesartan (90%) was most frequently implicated. Villous atrophy (VA) was reported in 164/183 (89%) patients. One hundred and nine had only VA, 12 had pan‐gastrointestinal involvement, 23 had VA and gastric involvement and 19 had VA and colon involvement (predominantly microscopic colitis). Outcomes were reported for 178/183 (97%) patients, who all recovered clinically on ARBs withdrawal. Histological recovery occurred in all 96 patients with VA at baseline who underwent follow‐up duodenal biopsy. Conclusions: Enteropathy due to ARBs is characterised by severe malabsorption often requiring hospital admission and can involve the entire gastrointestinal tract. Clinician awareness can lead to prompt diagnosis and excellent prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Coelho et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17950 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17978 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Lin et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17915 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17971 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Jost‐Brinkmann et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17441 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Verma et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17891 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17913 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Sultanik et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18165 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18216 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Burghart et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18060 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18153 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Conlon et al papers. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18160 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Sultanik et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18165 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18181 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Alkhouri et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18149 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18169 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Aliu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17988 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18161 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Strande et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18097 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18156. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Kumazaki et al. papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18063 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18150 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Alkhouri et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18149 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18185 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Aliu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17988 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18196 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Kumazaki et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18063 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18186 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Strande et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18097 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18187. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Burghart et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18060 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18203 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Pal et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18155 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18175 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to He et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18093 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18145 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to He et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18093 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18173 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Bansal et al. papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17930 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18124. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Pal et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18155 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18189 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Chen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18131 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18142 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Chen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18131 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18174 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Desai et al papers. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18138 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Kim et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18011 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Lin et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17930 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18182. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Yoon et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17909 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17954 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Sperber et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18103 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Danpanichkul et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18101 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18140 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Nordestgaard et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18106 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18143 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Dominik et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17945 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18066 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Danpanichkul et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18101 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18157 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Nordestgaard et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18106 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18163 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Ricciuto et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17936 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Dominik et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17945 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18144 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Harrison et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17734 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Kim et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18011 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Shung et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17949 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Giuffrè et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18058 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18121. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to He et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18093 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18132 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Bridi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18099 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18129 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to He et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18093 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18130 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Yiu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18006 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18114 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]