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The purpose of this article is to substantiate the development of geometric shapes for the improvement and further development of hybrid wind generators, in which wind turbines and structures are combined with solar cells to convert wind and solar energy into electrical energy. The paper also analyzes and finds out how relevant it is to improve the appearance of combined-type wind power turbines, taking into account the external conditions of the impact of wind load and the choice of promising geometric shapes for the development of the energy network of the Russian Federation in the first place, including taking into account the economic feasibility of the decisions taken. An analysis was carried out on many well-known design solutions, which showed that in order to create a successful sample of a wind generators with solar cells, it is necessary to solve many researches and tasks, using knowledge in many branches of science and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the present stage of market relations, the construction industry is relevant and widespread. The construction industry cannot be singled out as a special form of industry, since it has scales of only internal significance. The construction industry is quite heterogeneous. It may include large-scale forms of construction, where teams of workers build public and shopping centers, residential multi-storey buildings, construction complexes for the aerospace industry, etc. Shopping and entertainment centers are large construction projects. Such facilities require constant construction supervision, which includes fire supervision, in order to ensure fire safety in them. The paper analyzes fires in the Russian Federation, including in shopping and entertainment centers. Objects with a mass stay of people are investigated on the example of the shopping entertainment center Passage in Voronezh, the analysis was performed based on the assumed situation of fire growth and carrying out emergency rescue operations. Simulation of two scenarios of fire growth with the most dangerous fire zones has been carried out. According to the first scenario the fire breaks out in the premises of the "Perekrestok" store located on the 1st floor. In the event of a fire in the store, the greatest amount of manpower and resources will be required, since this facility has the highest fire hazard because of a large amount of goods stored there. According to the second scenario, a fire breaks out in a retail space located on the second floor of the Passage shopping and entertainment center. For the considered shopping entertainment center, recommendations have been developed for organizing rescue operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ESG concept in the modern world redefines the investment environment and stimulates the growth of investment strategies that meet the criteria of environmental, social and sustainable management. The real estate and construction sector has the potential to link the implementation of sustainable development initiatives with an increase in investment returns. The environment component of ESG has become a key focus in recent years, but for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, a comprehensive assessment and consideration of all parameters is necessary. According to the authors, the application of ESG principles for complex low-rise buildings, as well as the emergence of a methodology for assessing the compliance of projects with ESG criteria, will increase their competitiveness and serve as an accelerator for the development of the entire low-rise construction industry. Currently, there are already methods for evaluating investment and construction projects of low-rise housing construction, but they allow us to evaluate only individual components of ESG. To assess the compliance of existing methods of certification of projects of complex low-rise buildings with ESG criteria, this paper considers the LEED BD+C for Homes and Multifamily Lowrise, BREEAM, WELL Building Standard, Ecovillage certifications and the methodology for calculating the urban environment quality index approved by the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation. The authors propose criteria for evaluating Environment, Social, Government components for low-rise development projects, and also present a methodology for determining the integral ESG indicator of low-rise construction projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues of increasing the socio-economic efficiency of industrial real estate reproduction based on the industrial parks construction as a top-priority segment of the national industrial construction market responsible for the sustainable development of the Russian economy based on the priority implementation of the eco-industrial development concept are investigated. The relevance of this field of research is determined by the significant demand for improved use of global trends in sustainable development, green construction and environmental development applied to modern forms of industrial construction i.e., the industrial parks, in the course of construction, reconstruction or modernization of competitive industrial real estate. The purpose of the study is to elaborate methodological approaches and practical recommendations for structuring efficient industrial eco-development models as investment and construction systems for efficient management of multi-format industrial real estate facilities' reproduction in the course of industrial parks construction within the framework of public-private partnership models. The study focus is on industrial construction systems as industrial eco-development structures responsible for investment projects management in industrial parks at all stages of the life cycle of operation. The scientific results given in this paper: the peculiarities of the industrial parks' market formation and growth in Russia and abroad, as well as the analysis of organizational impact methods related to the state priorities of the national formation and development of industrial parks; the experience of global and domestic implementation of the sustainable development, green construction and eco-development concepts in relation to the industrial parks' construction; the author's functional and structural modeling of industrial and construction systems as institutions of industrial ecodevelopment of industrial parks, as well as the determination of the life cycle sustainability integral indicators in these ecodevelopment models; graphical interpretation of the predicted ecodevelopment sustainability indicators as the economic reliability of the life cycle functioning of industrial construction in relation to the industrial park "Severny Almaz" in the East Siberian region at the early stages of its planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance and purpose of work: The problem of environmental pollution during the operation of municipal solid waste disposal facilities (hereinafter referred to as MSW) is acute for all Russian regions. At the same time, the world experience of environmentally safe development of post reclamation MSW landfills territories is not sufficiently implemented in Russia. Therefore, the actual purpose of this paper is to study the international and Russian experience in the implementation of development projects on the territories of MSW landfills, to consider the current situation with MSW landfills on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region, to analyze negative implementation experience of the post-reclamation territory use concept in the MSW landfill "Salarievo" case. A comprehensive analysis of the Russian regulatory framework and methodological developments on the design and improvement of public areas in reclaimed areas of MSW landfills, as well as the best foreign practices compared to Russian ones. The research object is landfills of MSW. The research subject is the principal approaches to the implementation of development projects in the territories after the reclamation of landfills of MSW. The received results: the foreign and Russian methodology and practice of rational post reclamation use of the MSW landfills territory practically don't differ. However, at present there is no regulatory framework in Russia allowing to stipulate in the reclamation project further use of such a territory. The former MSW "Salarievo" landfill case gives grounds to formulate the principle that the improvement of the landfill territory is secondary compared to the possible reduction of the sanitary protection zone, which allows significant compacting of the adjacent residential complex "Salarievo Park" (to increase the number of storeys, the buildings density and the final investment attractiveness of the development project). In order to implement the national project "Ecology" and the Clean Country program as part of it, it is essential to develop a regulatory framework for the design of reclamation and elimination of MSW landfills, which allows to obtain Roskomnadzor's permission to use such territories for the investment-attractive development of multi-functional purposes in demand by the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper outlines the important impact of the introduction of voluntary environmental management in urban environments on environmental protection. An important role in the implementation of projects is played by innovations and tools for promoting innovative solutions that improve the ecological condition of growing areas of human activity. An analysis of the methods of processing and disposal of waste in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries was made. The problems of the waste recycling process are grouped. The methods of innovative implementations for solving environmental problems are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the study of issues of greening urban construction and environmental standardization of housing facilities. Based on a comparative review of foreign and Russian practice in the development and application of environmental standards, the scale of the spread and regulation of sustainable (green) construction in Russia and abroad was determined; the shortcomings of the regulatory and legal framework for urban environmental construction were revealed using the example of the Rostov region; the problems of the slow development of green construction in Russia were highlighted. As a result of the study, development factors have been identified and methods have been proposed to achieve an accelerated increase in the volume of green building in the Russian Federation. Green construction is one of the most pressing global trends that have come to the architectural and construction industry over the past decade. Today, construction is one of the main activities that have a detrimental effect on the environment, and it is necessary to talk about the urgent need for scientific substantiation and practical implementation of environmental solutions during construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the problems of forming a comfortable urban environment, taking into account the achievements and great successes in science and technology, as well as technologies used by people. It is shown that they are still quite far from the "waste-free" processes of nature, in which energy or matter passes from one state to another and find their place in ecological systems. Research in this area does not raise doubts. Environmental pollution, irrational use of natural goods and components leave their detrimental imprint on human health and life, society and the ecosystem as a whole. The study showed that the formation of a comfortable urban environment is a set of measures aimed at preventing the occurrence and development of environmentally hazardous situations and eliminating their consequences, as well as protecting the life, health of the population and society as a whole. At the same time, its goal is to create a favorable and comfortable environment for human life, as an integral element of the ecosystem, to ensure the protection of biological diversity and natural resources from various kinds of threats, including natural, man-made, anthropogenic and others. In the field of ensuring a comfortable urban environment and rational use of natural resources in Russia, specific subjects of the state have other equally important issues that need to be resolved, which are often not paid attention to in a timely manner. The materials presented in the study show that ensuring the formation of a comfortable urban environment and rational use of natural resources needs a certain reform, which would make it possible, in the legislative and organizational terms, to finally stabilize the activity of this system, as well as to determine its role as a tool for protecting the population, society, natural resources and the environment in the new socio-economic conditions for the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Railway crossing has always been a source of increased danger for vehicles and pedestrians crossing it. Every year in Russia, several hundred-road accidents occur at railway crossings, dozens of people die. To increase the safety of traffic at railway crossings, automatic systems for detection of objects in the immediate danger zone can be used. These are sensors of optical (cameras, lidars) and radio ranges. The main disadvantage of optical devices is their limited functionality in insufficient visibility conditions: snowfall, rain, fog. Note that the radar is devoid of this disadvantage and retains its specified detection characteristics under any weather conditions. The paper deals with the analysis of the approach to form the directivity characteristics of the phased antenna array for 24 GHz FMCW radar used in the system of automatic control at the railway crossings. The feature of the proposed technique is applying of two widely spaced incoherent omnidirectional in azimuthal plane transmitters that provide the interferometric structure of transmit pattern. The important requirement for radar systems of detecting objects at a railway crossing are a wide field of view (up to 90 degrees) and, at the same time, high accuracy in determining coordinates. The last requirement assumes a relatively high resolution in angular coordinates (several degrees). The proposed structure of the transmitting antenna array allows the improvement of the angular resolution in comparison with the conventional array with the same aperture. The receiving antenna array should provide a low level of the sidelobes and a given beamwidth of the radar directivity pattern. The rotation of the beam of the receiving phased antenna array is carried out in the digital signal processing (DSP) system, since separated phase shifters are also not used in receivers. Optimization was carried out on the level of the side lobes and the resulting width of the radar beam. To reduce the side lobe level, a sidelobe compensation method is used. It is known, zero is formed in DP of the compensation channel in the direction of the maximum of DP of the main channel. In the presented work, the central six channels of the receiver are used to form the main beam. In the case of a compensation beam, the first six channels have the opposite phase to the rest to form a zero of DP. Theoretical justification is presented. The results of mathematical modeling are shown. To study the features of work in a real railway crossing, a prototype of 24 GHz radar was designed. Also, transmit and receive positions of FSR were used. The work of the prototype was studied in the conditions when objects of interest, including cars and pedestrians, were moving through the crossing. The results of the prototype testing are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the research and practical use of petroleum bitumens and bitumen-based modified binders in road construction in Russia compared to the advanced global research. It is shown that unmodified petroleum bitumens are used in the construction and repair of regional and local roads in Russia. Moreover, in Russia, oxidized bitumens are widely used, the quality of which is significantly inferior to the residual bitumens accepted for use in developed countries. The materials used for bitumen modification in Russia and abroad are considered, the most widely used thermoelastoplasts, thermoplastics, and natural and synthetic rubbers including. The issues of using sulfur and its derivatives as cross-linking agents are discussed. Reactive substances, as well as the functionalization of the modifiers themselves, i.e., the directed use of functional groups that provide missing bonds in the interaction are covered. The studies on nanoscale effect in the interaction of bitumen components with natural or synthesized nanomaterials are presented. Currently, an increasing number of researchers, both in Russia and abroad, are trying to find ways to improve the quality characteristics of modified bitumens using waste, while solving both environmental and economic problems. Although there has been marked progress in such developments, they are still difficult to compete with specially designed and manufactured modifiers. This progress is evident in the use of so-called hybrid or mixed modifiers, the components of which are selected for improving specific properties. There is considerable interest in the use of crumb rubber from worn-out tires as a potentially suitable component for making bitumen elastic and reducing the brittleness temperature. In Russia, there are noteworthy developments in this area that have been industrially tested. An interesting method is the high-temperature shear grinding of rubber crumbs on ultra-high-pressure devices, at which the specific surface area of the particles is disproportionately large, compared to the known methods. This provides an accelerated interaction of particles with bitumen forming mesh structures at the dry method of introducing crumb directly into bitumen-concrete mixture. The paper describes the main types of equipment for bitumen modification. Currently, the road industry in Russia is undergoing a conceptual transition to the new generation of standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing schemes of low-voltage distribution networks for agricultural purposes do not correspond to the modern technical standards. They deteriorate the reliability of power supply, the electricity quality, and increase its losses. The paper analyses the existing power supply schemes for private households and agricultural consumers in Russia and other countries. In North America, private houses are sometimes connected to the scheme using the 120-240 V individual transformers. A similar concept can be used to modernize the Russian electrical grid. The basic principle of the 0.95 kV electricity distribution system is to organize networks of this voltage class, with partial use of the main elements of the existing low voltage (0.4 kV) networks. The transformer substations for voltage 6/0.95/0.4 kV or 6/0.95 kV and individual low-power (0.95 (0.55)/0.4 (0.23) kV) transformers are installed in close proximity to the consumer. The new concept for the construction of the 0.95 kV electrical grid will reduce technical losses of electricity by 5-10% or more and commercial losses by 30% of the actual value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an analysis of the twenty years' results of restructuring (which is still ongoing) the electric power industry in Russia from the perspective of systems studies. It indicates that most of the reform goals focusing on significant enhancement of the industry efficiency based on market relations have not been achieved. This failure was due to the lack of a comprehensive rationale for adopted lines of the reform, the absence of systems analysis, and no assessment of the consequences of implementing the Western electricity market models in the context of Russia. Wholesale and retail markets for electricity and heat have been created but formally and without full-fledged competition. The inflow of investment in the energy sector was insufficient. The study shows that advanced technologies are currently adopted in Russia's power industry, but necessary measures to transform market relations are not undertaken. Based on the consideration of current challenges and trends, some directions for the wholesale and retail energy markets transformation in Russia have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study outlines a methodological approach to assessing the impact of greenhouse gas emission limits on the innovative development of TPPs. The proposed methodological approach is based on a dynamic optimization territory-specific (with a breakdown into aggregated regions) production model of the country's energy sector. The authors present a list of the tasks that are solved in the electric power and heating module of the energy sector model. The paper also describes the results of the assessment of the impact of limits on CO2 emissions from thermal power plants in Russia on their innovative development in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are the possible reasons for changes in hot water supply system's quality of Kirovsk. It has been investigated the most probable source of iron in hot water supply system by authors of this paper. Authors analyze the chemical composition of original water which has been used for cold and hot water supply system of several cities in Murmansk region. Researcher has pointed out the most significant indicators of original water's chemical composition which are affect to the determination of iron's increasing source. It has been determined the locations of sampling sites at a typical combined power plant with installed chemical water treatment and deaerator. Authors has proposed the various methods of water treatment at the Apatity power plant for cities heat supply system. Also, it has included pre-boiled water treatment. This work was performed by authors in project: "Clean water", Kirovsk. This project is a part of Federal Program "Clean water" which is in a structure of Russian water strategy until 2020. Funding and coordination of the program is by relevant ministries - the Russian Federation Ministry of Construction and Municipal Services, the Russian Federation Ministry of Economic Development and JSC "Institute of microeconomics". The total funding volume of Program is 331.8 billion rubles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the construction of buildings and structures in the Rostov region, as in other territories of the Russian Federation, much attention is paid to the issue of deformation of load-bearing structures due to the influence of additive soils. Some ancient buildings are of architectural value or unique ones where the museums are located. A number of such buildings are currently in renovation. The reconstruction must be carried out while maintaining the external architectural value or building colour peculiarity. Each paper must have an abstract of 100-200 words. In each case, it is necessary to consider the application of the advanced construction methods and technologies. For welding building structures, specially developed welding modes are used, and make it possible to increase the metal melting at the beginning, which reduces the number of defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the global digital economy the discrepancy between the requirements of employers and vocational training in Russia has received considerable critical attention. Institutions of higher education play a key role in the information and communication competence development. This paper finds that a foreign language course at a non-linguistic university is an optimal tool for the development and improvement of these skills. The aim of this study was to clarify the foreign language teaching methods within a Master's course at the agrarian university, which can provide information and communication competence development. The system of the foreign language teaching methods for the development and improvement of digital literacy is presented. The authors conclude that the development efficiency depends on many factors, including the willingness of the teacher himself to use digital tools, and the pedagogical aspect of their development and implementation. Students' motivation is crucial as well. The questionnaire required students to give self-assessment of their digital skills after the foreign language course. 'Communication and collaboration', 'Information and data literacy' components are developed on the advanced level due to the youth involvement in communication through digital gadgets and apps. However, learning skills require special methods of development and improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the results of flattening tests of aluminum annular specimens subjected to deformation processing by a new method of channel angular pressing (CAP) of annular metal billets developed on the basis of inventions patented in the Russian Federation. Aluminum annular billets (99.4% Al) of 13.9 mm diameter, 1.9 mm wall thickness, and 8 mm height were subjected to CAP at room temperature with a device of D / d ≅ 1.14 outlet and inlet channels diameter ratio. The annular billets were loaded with a tubular punch by a hydraulic press. Load curves for flattening of aluminum annular specimens (99.4% Al) are given. The authors demonstrate the mechanical properties under flattening (radial compression) of aluminum annular specimens in the initial state and after CAP. Mechanical radial compression tests of aluminum annular specimens (99.4% Al) of 16 mm diameter, 1.35 mm wall thickness and 4.15 mm height were made with Instron-1195 testing machine at constant loading speed of ≍0.83 × 10−5 ms−1. An increase in the yield point of aluminum (99.4 % Al) resulted from CAP at room temperature has been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is concerned with the problem of the development of renewable energy in the world. The paper presents the efficient potential of solar and geothermal energy in Russia. The advantages of using renewable energy technologies in buildings are presented. Examples of the introduction of renewable power plants into the building envelope are considered. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of solar facade power plants with thin-film panels is given on the example of a three-story residential building in two cities of Russia. The methods of regulation of state policy in relation to renewable energy in a number of countries are considered. The article provides comparable data on the percent of renewable energy sources in the total energy balance of European Union and Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle of diversity of land ownership forms should be linked to the principles of equivalent exchange, economic efficiency and social justice. In the work, with the help of analysis, synthesis and provisions presented in scientific papers, the theoretical aspects of the influence of land ownership forms on land use in agriculture are revealed. The study shows that the use of agricultural land under different forms of ownership gives the following results: private land ownership in the agricultural sector promotes interest in efficient agriculture, rational use of land; private group form of land ownership promotes economic efficiency, preservation of soil fertility and social efficiency through the distribution of land rent in society; state and municipal ownership of agricultural land can contribute to economic efficiency and promotes social efficiency. The authors see in the future the development of a variety of land ownership forms in agriculture of the Russian Federation, while there will be a tendency to increase the area of agricultural land owned by the municipality, legal entities and a reduction in the area of agricultural land owned by the state and citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the industrial and potentially industrial types of niobium deposits in Russia are characterized by high content of phosphorus. The use of such raw materials when enriching by known methods leads to additional costs and losses of niobium. In this regard, it becomes impossible to obtain standard grades of ferroniobium according to the existing technological schemes. The paper considers the possibility of obtaining complex ferroalloys from Russian niobium raw materials with an increased phosphorus content based on alloys of the Fe-Al-P and Fe-Si-Al-P systems at a variable concentration of aluminum (10-20%) and silicon (10-30%). The process of sublimation of phosphorus from melts is studied in the temperature range of 1400-1700 °C. It's shown that aluminum does not affect in the studied alloys, and silicon contributes to the sublimation of phosphorus. With a significant phosphorus content in the alloy (10-18%), the presence of 20% silicon in the Fe-Si-Al-P system leads to the sublimation of phosphorus up to 20%. It's also shown that an increase in temperature affects an increase in the activity of phosphorus and its sublimation. The intensity of phosphorus sublimation increases especially at temperatures ≥ 1600 ° C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses issues related to the development and operation of autonomous installations on photovoltaic cells. Typical structure of an autonomous power plant is described. The authors consider the methodology for assessing insolation on an inclined surface, insolation is assessed for the Kaliningrad region, Russia. The paper describes a developed computer model of an autonomous power plant and presents the results of its operation. A prototype of an autonomous power plant is described. Authors assess its operation during the year and make a conclusion of the use of this power plant in the conditions of the Kaliningrad region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study of the current state of the use of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex. The development of the agro-industrial complex in the conditions of the digital economy involves the use of innovative, digital, cluster, information and computer technologies, as well as new managerial, economic, organizational methods, with fundamentally new properties, which are aimed at increasing the efficiency of production, management and implementation for all areas of the agro-industrial complex. Based on the analysis of foreign experience, the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation, digital standards, types of digital technologies, the paper considers the types of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex and the possibility of their use for future development. The methodological basis of the study was the works of domestic scientists-economists on the development of innovations and digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex; general scientific research methods (abstract-logical, economic-statistical, etc.) were used, as well as open analytical materials on the development of digital technologies, the use of artificial intelligence and neural networks in the agro-industrial complex, etc. The article reveals that the range of digital technologies currently being created for the agro-industrial complex is diverse and it is aimed at solving a set of problems: growth of output and the efficiency of the agricultural enterprise, introduction of artificial intelligence; creation of insight based on images; determination of the optimal mixture for agronomic products; monitoring the state of crops; methods of automating irrigation and stimulating farmers, etc. As world best practices show, the use of digital technologies in agriculture makes it possible to achieve economic growth in the industry. However, the main problem of introducing digital technologies in agriculture is the high cost of their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries, including Russia, are paying increasing attention to improving the quality of the urban environment, which is impossible without a corresponding improvement of infrastructure. This is related not only to the new sanitary requirements caused by the covid19 pandemic, but also in general to the development of cities and the strengthening of their role in socio-economic development. In Russia, web.rf is actively implementing a programme to support the development of a modern urban economy, focusing on the country's 100 largest cities. Development of urban infrastructure is always the responsibility of local authorities. Today, the investor is ready, within the framework of public-private partnership, to participate in joint implementation of infrastructure projects. The paper considers current trends in the development of urban infrastructure in Russian practice. The sectors in which "smart city" projects are implemented to the greatest extent are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the issue of development of single-industry towns remains relevant. Due to their location and specialization, single-industry settlements are an integral part of the national and regional economies. The situation in many single-industry towns remains tense: there are no new jobs, ecological and tourist infrastructure facilities. In addition, it is necessary to diversify the economy of single-industry towns. Following Order of the President of the Russian Federation (O-1818 of 12.09.2019), the State Development Corporation of the External Economic Bank of Russia has developed a project aimed at the integrated development of Baikalsk. Since September 2020, the strategic master plan for Baikalsk, including for the former industrial site of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill, has been developed. As a joint project of the External Economic Bank of Russia, Irkutsk Region and Baikalsk municipality, the document has been developed by all participants in the urban development (residents, government, businesses), taking into account their opinions and interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the calculation of the fuel temperatures, the fuel clading, and the reactor building will be studied within a time of 300 seconds when fractures of 25,50, 75 and 100 square centimeters occur in both the hot feet and the cold feet, and a comparison between them for the VVER1000 reactor. Since a break in the steam line mainly leads to a loss in the coolant, a break of 100 square centimeters leads to the accident of losing the coolant to a huge break, [ 1 ] which is responsible for many serious nuclear accidents. Simulation results are analyzed to distinguish deviations from normal operating values. The failure of the containment system due to any of these deviations can be verified to foretell any opportunity of contamination seeping into the environment by the radioactive elements. As well as using the correct methods to switch off the reactor and bypass the problem, if any.It is assumed that a fracture occurred at the beginning of the operating time i.e. after 0 seconds. in this study, This was set up to take advantage of the PCTRAN program to obtain the maximum generation of simulation data for accident scenarios to predict fuel temperatures and clading and prevent melting from the watery - watery reactor VVER1000, which is a series of several designs of pressurized water type reactors. It was developed by the Soviet Union, and now Russia by 0KB Gidropress. The generated electrical capacity ranges between 300 thousand megawatts and 1700 thousand megawatts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the analytical review and the practical experience of the authors in the preparation of construction organization projects (COP) and work production projects (WPP) indicate that the state of the issue regarding the completeness and quality of the development of these sections by the design organizations of the Samarkand region is not at the proper level. The reasons for this are some imperfections of certain provisions of the regulatory documents of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as a number of other factors. The aim of the paper was to study the existing domestic and advanced foreign experience in order to develop appropriate proposals, recommendations and eliminate the existing shortcomings. The research consisted in comparing the provisions of regulatory documents of Uzbekistan and the Russian Federation, studying regulatory and legislative acts and decrees, instructional letters, scientific publications on organizational and technological design, studying the opinions of experts. Methods of comparative analysis, expert assessments, etc. were used. Based on the research results, a package of proposals was drawn up for adjusting and supplementing the provisions of the regulatory documents of Uzbekistan, which were presented in a number of the largest design and construction organizations, as well as the Engineering Company, where they found understanding, approval and support. The noted proposals have been submitted to the relevant authorities for consideration, and their practical implementation will contribute to an increase in the quality level of the developed project documentation, and, ultimately, to the practical implementation of construction projects in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper assesses the functionality of tourist and recreational clusters according to five main indicators of the strategic development of domestic tourism. These indicators include: increasing the share of federal budget funds, providing new jobs, increasing tourist flow, establishing infrastructure facilities, and raising business funds. All indicators are presented in a single system to be easily compared, and the value of each indicator was taken into account in relation to the development prospects of the region. This analysis makes it possible to systematize the current situation and outline the development prospects of the cluster approach in tourism. The authors study the conceptual method of clustering. It is compared with cooperation and an institutional economic approach. The benefits and problems associated with this phenomenon are highlighted. The study results present a ranked list of the functional efficiency of tourist and recreational clusters in the regions of Russia, highlighting the first three leaders and summarizing the successful experience of these projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mine water entering catchment areas of underground kimberlite mines contains a significant amount of solid particles of various sizes, which explains frequent siltation of these mine workings, as well as intense hydroabrasive wear of operating pumping equipment, in particular impellers with sealing rings and hydraulic heel assembly. As you know, in the event of siltation, water collectors lose their initial storage capacity, and mechanical wear of the pumps is accelerated due to clogging of mesh filters of their receiving devices, as a result of which an emergency situation can arise up to partial flooding of the mining object. Thus, it can be seen that the reservoirs necessarily need to be periodically cleaned from settled mud-sludge slurry. The cleaning frequency of catchment areas of underground kimberlite mines in the Russian Federation is relatively small. Practice shows that in the conditions of underground kimberlite mines in the Russian Federation, the pumping equipment of water-drainage stations has too excessive pressure, which leads to unproductive financial costs of electricity consumption. This paper describes and scientifically substantiates a technical solution aimed at increasing the efficiency of drainage units of underground kimberlite mines in the Russian Federation, whose pumping equipment has excess pressure, through its utilization to combat mechanical impurities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid understanding of data features is the main advantage of visualization compared to other ways of presenting information. Moreover, the purpose of visualization is to identify the necessary data transformations and features of methods for further work with the data. The application of heatmaps to visualize a dataset characterizing the quality of a system provides an effective implementation of the objectives under consideration. The paper considers the use of heatmaps to identify the features of a dataset composed of parameters characterizing the quality of life and Russia's constituent entities and to determine the necessary data transformations. Composite indicators of quality of life of the population are determined based on statistical data for the period 2010-2017. The author's modification of principal component analysis is used, which takes into account the presence of unrecoverable errors in the initial data. Signs of calculated weighted coefficients are used as an estimate of the reliability of the calculated composite index. Obtaining negative weighted coefficients is the main obstacle to the widespread use of multidimensional analysis methods in building complex indices. Heatmaps allow identifying variables with abnormal behavior. The use of logarithmic data correction for such variables can eliminate negative weights and allows one to build a more reliable composite index of a system's quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boundary layer control on a surface streamlined by high-velocity gas flows is an important task in modern technology. There is a wide range of active and passive flow control methods used to reduce frictional drag, heat transfer, turbulization, mainly in incompressible turbulent boundary layers. The development of science and technology does not stand still, and in modern conditions, given the need to improve the efficiency of equipment, reduce energy consumption in production and fulfill a number of tasks to modernize the energy complex, set by the Ministry of Energy, in the draft energy strategy of Russia for the period up to 2030, it is necessary to develop new and efficient ways of managing the boundary layer to create efficient and resource-saving energy. The paper proposes a method for mathematical modeling of turbulent transfer on a damping surface. The method allows one to study the effect of the damping surface on the exchange processes occurring in the boundary layer in the range of Re numbers from 1 · 105 to 4 · 107. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of digital technologies in the system of higher professional education has both positive and negative aspects. The requirements for digital resources and their implementation technologies have been developed and discussed for more than 20 years. The impact of digital technologies on learning outcomes, attracted great attention during the almost mass transition to on-line training in Russia in Spring of 2020. The paper considers two aspect of this problem: the current structure and use of electronic resources and the organizational issues of the educational process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, several types of artificial neural networks (ANNs) are considered to predict changes in the concentration of one of the main greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide. The study is based on data from the surface CO2 concentration obtained in the course of monitoring the dynamics of changes in the main greenhouse gases on the Arctic island Belyy, Russia. The forecast was obtained using the following types of ANN: Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network with an External Input (NARX), Elman Neural Network (ENN), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). For the study, the time interval of 168 hours was chosen in the summer period (July-August 2015), which is characterized by a pronounced daily cycle of changes in CO2 concentration. The ANN model type NARX most accurately predicted changes in CO2 concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article formulates the key problems in personnel policy field with reference to Russian enterprises of the textile industry. Summing up the results of the study made at St Petersburg enterprises, the conclusion is made on flexible forms of employment as one of the most effective personnel policy approaches. The paper highlights the fact that the key objective of personnel policy for the Russian enterprises for the coming years is creating teams of professionals capable of ensuring the company's strategic development. It has been demonstrated that for increased efficiency of personnel policy it's useful to apply flexible forms of employment to form highly-professional labour teams as well as use a comprehensive approach aimed at increasing efficiency of personnel selection and their further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work was carried out at the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin. The paper investigates the bismuth behavior when it is introduced into a metal melt in the solid round blanks form of a given size. To implement the experiments, we were used a high-temperature setup with an X-ray television observation system. The work developed a mathematical model of thermophysical processes during the introduction of cold spherical low-melting samples such as bismuth into a steel melt. The model takes into account the temperature dependences of heat capacity, density, and thermal conductivity in the solid and liquid states, as well as the sample size dependence of the density. The simulation showed that taking into account the temperature dependences of thermophysical characteristics has a very significant effect on the results. So, in comparison with the model with constant heat capacity, density and thermal conductivity, heating of a bismuth sample in a steel melt occur four times faster. Using the developed model, we have studied the sample size influence on the rate of their melting. In this work, a formula is obtained for an approximate estimate of the complete melting time of alloying elements, using the example of bismuth in steel. The obtained mathematical model can be applied to low-melting, easily oxidizing, and volatile elements. Comparative analysis of quality shows good comparability of experimental and calculated data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important industries in the modern world is the petroleum industry, which provides fuel, lubricants and other refined products for all areas of human activities. The production of high-quality and safe petrochemical products is the first priority of all refineries worldwide. For a long time, the petroleum industry in Russia has been dependent on imported catalysts and their quality. The import substitution policy requires the development of home produced oil refining catalysts. The paper considers the problem of introducing new test methods for the production of new types of catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a method for monitoring the main parameters of underground oil pipelines, taking into account changes in soil foundations, mainly in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The section of the oil pipeline is considered in terms of monitoring heat engineering processes and their influence on the reliability of the system. The main results of calculations of the oil pipeline section are described; changes in soil foundations are modeled. As an example for the calculations, a multilayer pipe with polyurethane foam insulation and coating was used. It showed the best performance as a result of modeling in comparison with the design one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains a brief historical review of the vortex effect’s development in the Soviet Union and modern Russia. The main goal of the paper is to remind the readers about classical scholars and to tell briefly about their advances in the vortex effect theory. A brief theoretical description of the vortex effect suggested by Russian scientists is given in the paper. Modern studies of the vortex effect are directed to its application in different fields of the industry and science, rather than to develop new theoretical foundations. Some practical examples of the vortex effect applications are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four pillars of learning identified in the UNESCO report in 1996 include four “L”s: Learning to know, Learning to do, Learning to live together, and Learning to be. Since then educators have been discussing how four pillars of learning can affect 21st century’s curriculum. Evidently, space-related education is based on traditional type curriculum. Therefore, integration of new approaches in aerospace engineering and science curriculum is often challenging. This paper argues that transdisciplinary and project-based approach can be used in building innovative aerospace engineering and other space-related disciplines core curricula. The paper proposes using SDTP/MSIP projects as foundation for creating multi-disciplinary curricula in different universities and countries. The proposed methodology includes pilot team projects performed during two-week summer workshop, task diversification between participating universities, comprehensive individual studies (analysis), and joint findings reports (synthesis). Such approach is proposed to be tested during SDTP-2017 and in 2017-2018 academic year in Russia (MGTU) and USA (University of Houston). The paper concludes with an analysis of potential opportunities and complications for the development and integration of presented academic strategy to increase adaptability of diverse hands-on experiences into already established educational programs in Russia and the US. In a summary, a platform for further inquiry into multi-disciplinary academic strategies is discussed for more in-depth investigation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunflower is the main oil crop in Russia. Broomrape (Orobanche cumana) is a parasitic plant, feeding on sunflower roots. The main method to control broomrape is a development of resistant varieties or hybrids. But broomrape constantly evolves and produces new strains. Breeders have to test all the material for resistance to broomrape every time to search for new resistance genes and to select resistant plants from segregating populations. The aim of our work is to evaluate sunflower lines and breeding material by the different testing techniques. The same set of sunflower lines was evaluated in the field, lisimeters, climatic chamber and by the simple laboratory equipment. Broomrape seeds used in all the experiments were collected in the farmer's fields of Krasnodar and Rostov regions of Russia. The field evaluation was certainly the most adequate, but the most expensive, with high risk of soil being contaminated by broomrape seeds and time-consuming also. Lisimeters are useful and have no risk. Climatic chambers and greenhouses are the most popular for testing among the breeders. We try to use also Petri dishes, paper test and small vegetation pods to screen the sunflower material as fast as possible. As a result the most resistant lines (L-2018-1-1 and L-2018-1-2) were recognized. Susceptibility of lines VK 789 and VK 934 B to the new strains of broomrape were proved. Individual plants from segregating populations (L-2018-1A x VK 920 and L-2018-1A x VK930) were identified for the future breeding. Similar results were obtained from all the methods of evaluations, so we recommend using the short laboratory test for screening and lisimetric or field method for the final evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the analysis of service robotics development trends in the Russian Federation. In recent years, a positive direction has been the assistance of the state in disseminating information and other types of support to national robotics manufacturers. The leading domestic manufacturers of service robots are Alfa Robotics, Promobot, R. Bot, Way-Bot, Android Technology, and Neurobotics. They have developed a whole line of robots that can be used in hotels, airports, shopping centers, banks as a consultant and assistant. The robot communicates in 10 languages, helps to navigate in the room, identifies the person and conducts electronic registration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the energy strategy until 2035 of the Russian Federation, obsolete generation facilities are replaced with new promising combined-cycle power units with higher energy efficiency indicators. The difficulties of operating combined-cycle power units, particularly gas turbine units, are primarily related to the working fluid preparation quality. This article discusses the elaborate practice of the air supplied to the compressor, including its cooling and filtration. The paper presents an engineering solution for the technical re-equipment of an integrated air purifier by installing panels for the air's evaporative cooling. The porous structure of the panel material also allows for air filtration. The article presents the dependence of the power of a gas turbine installation on the temperature of the outdoor air in the climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia). The economic effect of introducing the proposed technology is calculated, which is associated with eliminating lost profits from the under-development of electric energy and the quality of preparation of the working fluid for a gas turbine installation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the main trends in the development of the fortified and functional food market. The reasons for the development of alimentary diseases in the world and in Russia are considered. The trend of progressive spread of celiac disease is shown. Possible ways to prevent celiac disease are considered. The recipe for gluten-free breads with added nutritional value has been scientifically substantiated, in which gluten-free raw materials - quinoa and lentil flour are used as the main recipe ingredients, and oilseeds - as sources of essential fat-soluble components. Analysis of nutritional value and content of functional ingredients, as well as preclinical studies on laboratory animals have confirmed the high functional effectiveness of the new type of gluten-free product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of the development of the Russian agro-industrial sector, disclosing the export potential of the grain complex of the Russian Federation by improving the logistics infrastructure of the grain market, substantiates the need to create a multifunctional transport and logistics center, a logistics terminal / park (hub), which is a nodal multimodal center at the intersection of federal chains supplies, international trade flows on the example of the international airport "Gagarin" (Saratov). The paper gives an example of the structure of a large logistics center, the infrastructure of which is distinguished by the complexity and variety of facilities and includes not only warehouses, but also production facilities, cargo terminals for handling and temporary storage of goods, service facilities, repair shops for freight vehicles, railway or river cargo terminal, customs, container terminal complex and other elements necessary for the organization of uninterrupted cargo flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the topic of oil-containing wastes generated in oil production and refining and having a significant negative impact on the environment. The problem is that only a small amount of oil-containing wastes is currently processed with the help of technologies. To prevent environmental pollution and threats to public health, enterprises need to take measures to neutralize and reduce the hazard class of oily waste for oil storage facilities and distribution depots. The paper presents the case of terminal sludge collectors in Arkhangelsk, situated in the northern part of the Russian Federation. The authors give the rationale for reducing the hazard class of oil-containing wastes, slurry cards stored for long periods at the Arkhangelsk oil transshipment complex. A technology for lowering the hazardous class of oily waste is suggested. It includes several stages and implies the division of oil sludge into layers and splitting the treatment process into phases. The waste disposal treatment consists of dosage, heating, mixing of the solid phase of the waste with organic substances, preparation and heat treatment of mixtures. The application of the method allows for the neutralization and cure of oil-contaminated materials with optimal energy consumption and the use of domestic commercially available equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to study current trends and challenges that affect the economic security of the performance and development of gas transmission operators. The authors analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 epidemiological factors on stability of gas transmission operators. The gas transmission production index in Sverdlovskaya Oblast in 2016-2018 was analyzed and compared with the neighboring regions of the Russian Federation. Negative trends that affected the stability of the gas transmission system in the context of the spread of the coronavirus infection were identified, namely: a decline in the volume of pipeline transported goods; a changed pattern of gas and gas products exports. A number of risks and threats that incurred under the influence of epidemiological factors were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, one of the priority initiatives for the development of the Russian Federation is the development of its Arctic zone. However, this initiative has its own characteristics, which must be considered. This paper studies the existing problems of educational development in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and proposes ways to solve them. Based on the analysis carried out, it proposes the use of information technologies to organize the most effective educational process. In this paper, the business processes of the proposed training methodology using distance learning systems was described and conclusions were made about the advisability of using information technology. As a successful example of the implementation of information technology, the work of the network engineering and technical school is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper on the base of new mathematical model a software complex is developed for simulation and prediction of thermal processes in permafrost with presence of various engineering structures, which are sources of heat (cold). As a rule, these sources are production wells and other facilities located at oil and gas fields (in Russia 93% natural gas and 75% oil are produced in permafrost). The developed model and the software codes can be used for long-term forecasting of changes in permafrost and deep layer of freezing (thawing) of soil (active layer thickness - ALT), in depending only with the climatic conditions, as an input for the software, in particular, with average temperature and intensity of solar radiation. An essential feature of this method is "binding" by the original algorithm to a specific geographic location, as determined by latitude and longitude. The software is designed for multi-processor computer systems and will be adapted to the cloud technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the data on chemical composition and crystal morphology of mondmilch (moon milk) sampled from Botovskaya cave, the largest in Russia. This type of sediment has been studied with the application of XRF SR method for the first time. The research of sampled specimens provides new information on chemical composition and structure of moon milk in carbonate karst caves of Eastern Siberia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conceptual design of the "Structural Diagnostics" diffraction beamline 1-2 for "SKIF" synchrotron radiation facility (Koltsovo, Novosibirsk area, Russia) is presented. The beamline will be dedicated to various diffraction techniques (powder X-ray diffraction, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and SAXS). All the techniques will be implemented in in situ and operando modes to enable real-time monitoring of chemical, physical, or engineering processes. The paper describes scientific scope of the beamline, basic X-ray optical scheme and equipment that will be available at the end-stations. Results of simulations and ray tracing aimed at the optimization of the instrumental resolution and flux are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose the model of resources distribution for preserving the population of polar bears in the Arctic area of the Russian Federation. The model is based on the principle of fair resource distribution taking into account the differences in population size, in unit cost of means of protection and in growth of the cost of resources, given the delay in receipt of these resources, between polar bears' habitats. The operation of the model is illustrated with the numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]