5 results
Search Results
2. Is minimum unit pricing for alcohol having the intended effects on alcohol consumption in Scotland?
- Author
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Holmes, John
- Subjects
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ALCOHOLIC beverages , *ALCOHOLISM , *ALCOHOL drinking , *COST analysis , *BUSINESS , *GOVERNMENT policy , *FINANCIAL stress , *ETHANOL , *EVALUATION - Abstract
Background and Aims: The Scottish Government introduced minimum unit pricing (MUP) for alcohol on 1 May 2018. This means retailers in Scotland cannot sell alcohol to consumers for less than £0.50 per unit (1 UK unit = 8 g ethanol). The Government intended the policy to increase the price of cheap alcohol, cut alcohol consumption overall and particularly among those drinking at hazardous or harmful levels, and ultimately reduce alcohol‐related harm. This paper aims to summarise and assess the evidence to date evaluating the impact of MUP on alcohol consumption and related behaviours in Scotland. Argument: Evidence from analyses of population‐level sales data suggest, all else being equal, MUP reduced the volume of alcohol sold in Scotland by ~ 3.0% to 3.5%, with the largest reductions affecting cider and spirits sales. Analyses of two time series datasets on household‐level alcohol purchasing and individual‐level alcohol consumption suggest reductions in purchasing and consumption among those drinking at hazardous and harmful levels, but offer conflicting results for those drinking at the most harmful levels. These subgroup analyses are methodologically robust, but the underlying datasets have important limitations as they rely on non‐random sampling strategies. Further studies identified no clear evidence of reduced alcohol consumption among those with alcohol dependence or those presenting to emergency departments and sexual health clinics, some evidence of increased financial strain among people with dependence and no evidence of wider negative outcomes arising from changes in alcohol consumption behaviours. Conclusions: Minimum unit pricing for alcohol in Scotland has led to reduced consumption, including among heavier drinkers. However, there is uncertainty regarding its impact on those at greatest risk and some limited evidence of negative outcomes, specifically financial strain, among people with alcohol dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Emotion regulation in substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta‐analysis.
- Author
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Stellern, Jordan, Xiao, Ke Bin, Grennell, Erin, Sanches, Marcos, Gowin, Joshua L., and Sloan, Matthew E.
- Subjects
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SUBSTANCE abuse diagnosis , *SUBSTANCE abuse & psychology , *ONLINE information services , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems , *NARCOTICS , *META-analysis , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *ALCOHOLISM , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *CROSS-sectional method , *METHAMPHETAMINE , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *EMOTION regulation , *MEDLINE , *DATA analysis software , *PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience , *COMPULSIVE behavior - Abstract
Background and aims: The ability to regulate emotions effectively has been associated with resilience to psychopathology. Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) have been shown to have higher levels of negative emotionality, with some evidence suggesting impairment in emotion regulation compared with individuals without SUDs. However, no previous attempt has been made to systematically review the literature to assess the magnitude of this difference. We aimed to assess the association between SUD diagnosis and emotion regulation as measured by the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of existing findings. Methods: The systematic review was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase. We examined cross‐sectional studies that compared a SUD group with a control group and measured emotion regulation using the DERS or the ERQ. The primary analysis focused on papers using the DERS, as this was the predominant instrument in the literature. Results: Twenty‐two studies met our primary analysis criteria, representing 1936 individuals with a SUD and 1567 controls. Individuals with SUDs relative to controls had significantly greater DERS scores, with a mean difference of 21.44 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 16.49–26.40, P < 0.001] and Hedges' g = 1.05 (95% CI = 0.86–1.24, P < 0.001). The difference was robust, remaining significant after removing outliers and studies with high risk of bias. Individuals with SUDs demonstrated poorer emotion regulation on each subscale of the DERS, with the largest deficits in the Strategies and Impulse subscales. The ERQ analysis revealed greater use of expressive suppression in those with SUDs relative to controls (Hedges' g = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.25–1.28, P = 0.004). Conclusions: People with substance use disorders appear to have greater difficulties in emotion regulation than people without substance use disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Policy influence and the legalized cannabis industry: learnings from other addictive consumption industries.
- Author
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Adams, Peter J., Rychert, Marta, and Wilkins, Chris
- Subjects
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MEDICAL marijuana laws , *DRUG abuse laws , *DRUG addiction , *ALCOHOLISM , *GOVERNMENT regulation , *MATHEMATICAL models , *GAMBLING , *THEORY - Abstract
Background and aim: New Zealand has recently legalized medicinal cannabis and has explored the possibility of legalizing large‐scale recreational cannabis supply. In the process, concerns have emerged regarding whether corporations involved in the large‐scale production and sale of legalized cannabis will invest in tactics of influence with policymakers and the public. This paper aimed to examine the various ways a legalized cannabis industry could seek to influence governments and the public in the New Zealand reform context. Method: Based on the study of industry tactics with alcohol, tobacco and gambling, we applied a three‐chain model of industry influence that breaks tactics into the 'public good', 'knowledge' and 'political' chains. Results: Exploratory analysis of the nascent cannabis industry's activity in New Zealand provided signs of industry influence strategies related to all three chains. The medicinal cannabis industry has associated the establishment of a legal cannabis sector with regional economic development and employment, supported lobbying for recreational law reform, funded NGOs involved in lobbying for law reform, established research partnerships with universities, invited ex‐politicians on advisory boards, and participated in government public sector partnerships. Conclusion: There is emerging evidence that the legal cannabis industry is using strategies to influence the regulatory environment in New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Commentary on Bischof et al.: Empirical and conceptual paradigms for studying secondary impacts of a person's substance use.
- Subjects
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SUBSTANCE abuse , *ALCOHOLISM , *CANNABIS (Genus) , *MENTAL depression , *COMPULSIVE behavior - Abstract
The article comments on a paper by G. Bischof and colleagues on the secondary health impacts of people living and not living with a person's substance use disorder. Topics mentioned include the two elements that can show societal estimates of the people who are seriously affected with person's substance use disorder, the structural factors related to harm to others, and the effect of alcohol consumption.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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