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Alloying heavy metals (HMs) has been an effective method for enhancing the efficiency of spin–orbit torque. In this study, we demonstrate that Pt100−xWx/Pt/Co/Ta multilayers still maintain perpendicular magnetic anisotropy after high-temperature annealing. Doping tungsten (W) into HM platinum (Pt) at the bottom of a Pt/Co/Ta multilayer significantly increases the spin Hall angle (θ S H ) and reduces the critical switching current density (Jc). The harmonic Hall test results show that the θ S H of the Pt88W12 alloy film is approximately 0.29, which is higher than that of the pure Pt film (0.15). The magnetization switching test reveals that the Jc of Pt94W6 alloy film is approximately 4.892 × 106 A/cm2, which is 51.9% lower than that of the pure Pt film. This study offers a valuable method for reducing power consumption and enhancing the efficiency of related application devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrolysis is an important way to produce manganese metal, but the low current efficiency and random growth of dendrites have always been challenging problems for enterprises. The lack of understanding of the dynamic system during the electrolysis process is the main reason for the accurate control of the electrolysis process. Based on this consideration, a new four-dimensional continuous hyperchaotic system with high Lyapunov exponents is designed. The amplitude control, frequency modulation, and offset boosting of the hyperchaotic system are obtained through the selection of feedback term. A circuit simulation and corresponding simplified circuit are established. In addition, the actual hyperchaotic circuit is applied to the manganese electrolysis process through the self-designed current amplification module (the amplification of w signal is realized by the offset boosting control). The experimental results of the hyperchaotic electrolysis of metal manganese showed that the hyperchaotic current can delay the occurrence time of electrochemical oscillation, and reduce the generation of cathode metal manganese dendrites. Furthermore, the results show that the hyperchaotic current can enhance the current efficiency and reduce the energy consumption. Based on the new experiment, it is suggested that the formation of anodic porous structures, whose primary phase compositions were PbSO4, MnO2, and Mn2O3, is one factor for the occurrence of electrochemical oscillations, while the conversion between Mn 3 + and Mn 4 + is another main factor for the mutation of electrochemical signal (manganese autocatalysis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]