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2. Molecular simulation of different types of polysilsesquioxane doped cellulose insulating paper: A guide for special cellulose insulating paper.
- Author
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Zeng, Zhenglin, Tan, Weimin, Deng, Yanhe, Cheng, Quan, Fu, Liuyue, and Tang, Chao
- Subjects
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CELLULOSE fibers , *CELLULOSE , *GLASS transition temperature , *MODULUS of rigidity , *BULK modulus , *ELASTIC modulus , *DIELECTRIC properties - Abstract
To develop special insulating paper is of great significance to promote the service life of transformers. Using molecular simulation to guide the development of special insulating paper can greatly reduce the trial-and-error rate and waste of resources in traditional experiments. The effect of different types of polysilsesquioxane (POSS) on cellulose insulating paper was investigated by using molecular simulation. This paper investigated the thermal stability and mechanical properties and electrical characteristics of caged POSS, semi-caged POSS, and ladder-like POSS doped cellulose insulating paper. The results show that POSS with all types can enhance the performance of cellulose insulating paper, and ladder-like POSS possess the best modification effect. The glass transition temperature was increased by 58 K, and the bulk modulus, shear modulus, and elastic modulus of cellulose insulating paper doped with ladder-like POSS can improve up to 27.07%, 45.67%, and 41.28%, respectively. Meanwhile, the dielectric properties of ladder-like POSS modified insulating paper are also significantly improved. The findings of this paper propose a method for the preparation of ladder-like POSS modified insulating paper, which provides theoretical guidance for the experimental preparation of special insulating paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Study of pulp and paper making characteristic produces from sago fiber waste.
- Author
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Maurila, Talita Dara, Rahmayanti, Handika Dany, Ardiani, Septia, Hastuti, Novitri, and Indrawani, Dian Anggraini
- Subjects
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PAPER pulp , *PAPERMAKING , *FIBERS , *TENSILE strength , *CHEMICAL properties - Abstract
This study is about the characterization of pulp and paper from sago fiber waste. The process has several stages: preparing a solution, sago fiber analysis, pulping process, and printing process. The required solutions are NaOH solution (technical), 10% BaCl2 solution, 0.1 N HCl solution, 60% ethanol solution, phenolphthalein indicator solution, 1% starch indicator solution, sindur methyl indicator solution of NaOH titration, borax solution, Na₂S solution (technical), and THIO solution (1 N; 0.1 N). The pulping process is carried out by inserting sago fiber and solutions into a rotary digester machine for 4 hours (170oC). Then, it is removed after 24 hours and dried by a spinner machine. Characterizations on the sample include: chemical and physical properties, mechanical properties, and optical properties. The result shows that sago fiber waste can be used as raw material for paper. The value of grammage of 62 g/m2, thickness of 0.1294 mm, water absorption capacity of 627.27 g/m2, water content of 9.83%, ash content of 26.26%, pH of 7.9, tensile strength of 14.22 MD and 13.33 CD, brightness of 19.8%, and opacity 22.78. The pore diameter of the paper is 4.608 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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4. Fabrication of negative magnetostrictive Japanese traditional paper (washi) with cobalt ferrite particles.
- Author
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Kurita, Hiroki, Rova, Lovisa, Keino, Takumi, and Narita, Fumio
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MAGNETOSTRICTION , *FERRITES , *COBALT , *JAPANESE language , *WOOD-pulp , *CELLULOSE fibers , *MAGNETIC particles - Abstract
The cellulose fibers that form washi are longer than those of regular paper made from wood pulp. Hence, the mechanical properties of washi can be higher than those of conventional paper. This study evaluated the magnetic, magnetostrictive, and tensile properties of negative magnetostrictive cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) particle dispersed handmade washi (washi−CoFe2O4). The CoFe2O4 additives magnetized the washi, which displayed negative magnetostriction with the fiber direction perpendicular to the magnetic field and in the parallel fiber direction. Concerning the mechanical properties, the washi−CoFe2O4 displayed an elongation of up to 77% after yielding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Property evaluation and optimization of recycled paper composition.
- Author
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Mishra, Paritosh, Negi, Prateek, Kanojia, Ravi, Prasad, Brijesh, and Singh, Prem
- Subjects
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RECYCLED paper , *WASTE paper , *BOND strengths , *TENSILE strength , *ADHESIVES - Abstract
This work relates to the development of recycled paper from waste paper with the objective of optimization of the composition. The paper properties are much affected with composition like amount of waste paper, fresh paper, cotton shreds, adhesives and water. Samples were made by taking different composites and tests were performed to evaluate properties i.e. thickness, coefficient of friction, moisture content, scott bond strength, tensile strength. The testing concluded that the samples which were having cotton shreds and adhesives showed very good results closer to the fresh paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Properties and potential use for paper pulp of four less-known hardwoods originated from natural tropical rainforest in South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia.
- Author
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Lempang, Mody and Pasaribu, Gunawan
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PAPER pulp , *HARDWOODS , *JACKFRUIT , *WOOD , *SPECIFIC gravity , *HARDWOOD forests , *BIOMASS conversion - Abstract
Wood is biomass made from lignocellulose, the main raw material for pulp production, both species of hardwood and softwood. Utilization of as much wood as possible, including less-known wood species, is widely open because the availability of good quality wood for industry raw materials is increasingly limited. In general, all wood species can be used for paper pulp. But the selection of types of lignocellulosic material with specific properties, such as physical, anatomical and chemical, play an important role in efficiently using wood as raw materials for pulp and paper. This research was carried out to examine wood properties (specific gravity, fiber quality and cellulose content) of four less-known hardwoods from natural tropical rainforest in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia and assessed their potential use for paper pulp. Those hardwood species comprised of cempedak (Artocarpus integer Merr.), jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus Hav.), saling-saling (Artocarpus teysmanii Miq.) and simpur (Dillenia serrata Thunb.). The specific gravity determined by the weight of oven dried wood and volume of air dried wood where the wood volume be measured by water immersion method, the fiber dimensions measured through maceration preparations which was made using the Franklin procedure, while TAPPI method used for chemical analysis. In condition to paper pulp raw material, the specific gravity (0.40 – 0.69) is categorized as moderate, the fiber quality is classified as good (class II), and cellulose content (40.12% - 52.47%) is categorized as moderate to high for all those less-known hardwoods. All four less-known hardwoods studied potentially use for paper pulp raw materials. But simpur has the most potential due to long fiber and higher specific gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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7. Effect of fly ash and paper pulp material composition variations on papercrete products using heating method at 110°C for 6 hours.
- Author
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Amin, Muhammad, Handoko, Anton Sapto, Hendronursito, Yusuf, Suka, Ediman Ginting, Nabila, Syendy, and Rajiman
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FLY ash , *PAPER pulp - Abstract
Variation of fly ash and pulp paper composition at 110°C for 6 hours was carried out to discern the effect of fly ash and pulp paper addition in papercrete. sixth variations in paper pulp and fly ash composition were employed to perceive the characteristic that occurs in the sample. The papercrete material composition was weighed, mixed until it became homogeneous and then casted in a mold with a size of 18 x 5 x 2 cm3. Papercrete samples were allowed to stand within the mold at room temperature for 24 hours and released from the mold to stand again for the next 24 hours, after which it heated at 110°C for 6 hours. Characterization using XRF, SEM-EDX as well as Mechanical and physical tests carried out after the samples was cold. Papercrete with sample code K6 has the highest flexural strength and density value of 2.03 MPa and 2.4 gr/cm3 while papercrete with sample code K1 has the lowest flexural strength and porosity value of 0.4 MPa and 17.89%. Characterization shows that the chemical composition of the samples was dominated by the oxide compound CaO and SiO2 in papercrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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8. Method for using natural silk fibers for producing valuable grade paper.
- Author
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Alimova, Khalimakhon, Bulanov, I. A., Umurzakova, Khalima, and Sobirov, Kuziboy
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COTTON fibers , *PAPER pulp , *NANOFIBERS , *NATURAL fibers , *SPIDER silk , *RAW materials , *FIBERS - Abstract
The article examines the structure of silk fibers and ways of efficient use of fiber waste. Based on the analysis of the composition and structure of the fibers, it is possible to use them for paper production. The use of short staple fibers in the production of stock paper and the processes of preparing them for incorporation into paper pulp are widely covered. Information is provided on the technological process of cleaning fibers before adding them to paper pulp. The influence of the mass fraction of fibers in paper on its strength, breaking and tearing has been thoroughly analyzed and illustrated by means of graphs. For the production of high-quality paper, for example, valuable paper, for the preparation of paper used in printing, drawing, painting, etc. Fiber semi-finished products must be cut to the required length and separated into individual fibrils before crushing (grinding). The technology of preparation of natural silk waste as raw material for paper production is presented. In addition to silk fiber cotton fiber was also studied in the research work. Theoretically, the effect of fibers in tearing and breaking of paper is shown in the pictures. The use of fibers in the production of anti-counterfeiting paper and the process of adding them to the pulp are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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9. Analysis of space charge and current characters of oil-immersed-paper with simultaneous measurement.
- Author
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Ma, Yuntong, Lv, Zepeng, Zhang, Yining, Peng, Jinyang, Ge, Yi, Wu, Kai, and Cheng, Yonghong
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ELECTRIC currents , *DISPLACEMENT currents (Electric) , *ELECTRIC conductivity , *ELECTRIC fields , *OHM'S law , *SPACE charge - Abstract
To study the current response to space charge in oil–paper insulation, a simultaneous space charge and external current measurement system are developed for a solid–liquid sample. The space charge and external current of oil-immersed paper are tested under different applied voltages. In the oil–paper sample, it accumulates heterocharge at 0.25 kV and homocharge at a higher voltage. The external currents first decrease and then increase with time. The changing timepoint decreases with the applied voltage. It shows that dynamic space charge evolution influences external current development. An unusual phenomenon is observed that the charge on both electrodes increases without heterocharge accumulation in a certain time range after voltage application, resulting in an increase in the average electric field. The transient electric field and displacement current at the cathode are calculated according to the amount of surface charge at the cathode. It indicates that displacement current takes up the main part of external current and decreases to zero when the surface charge amount stops increasing. After this stage, the conduction current is almost equal to the external current. The correlation between conduction current and electric field is analyzed. It reveals that when the electric field is lower than 5 kV/mm, the conduction current of oil–paper seems to be linear to the electric field strength, following Ohm's law. When the electric field is higher than 5 kV/mm, the conduction current of oil–paper follows the Fowler–Nordheim law that the ln(jc/E2) is linear to 1/E. The transient external current has great potential in diagnosing electrical equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Influences of the vibration frequency and phase of the core of ultra-high voltage shunt reactors on suspended discharge in oil-paper insulation.
- Author
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Yu, Hua, Liu, Hong, Li, Shuai, Liang, Jizhong, and Niu, Shu
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SHUNT electric reactors , *FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems , *COUPLINGS (Gearing) , *VOLTAGE , *ELECTRODES - Abstract
Severe vibration of the core of ultra-high voltage (UHV) shunt reactors under operating conditions often leads to the occurrence of suspension electrode, and such a suspended discharge defect will destroy the oil-paper insulation. It is necessary to investigate the influence of vibration on suspended discharge when determining the best operating condition of UHV shunt reactors. The vibration frequency of the suspension electrode and the phase difference between the applied voltage and the vibration are studied by simulation and experiment. The simulation results show that the phase difference between the voltage and the vibration parameters will lead to an increase in the surface maximum field strength. The distortion of the field intensity caused by several typical vibration frequencies of reactor vibration is ranked (in ascending order) thus: 100, 300, 50, and 200 Hz. There is a coupling relationship between the phase difference and the vibration frequency on the suspended discharge, which will lead to an inconsistency between the field intensity and each single factor. The partial discharge test results of the collision between the suspension electrode and the high-voltage electrode show that the discharge generated by vibration at 100 Hz is much higher than that at other frequencies, followed by those at 300 and 50 Hz, and the discharge generated by vibration at 200 Hz is very small. When the phase difference of voltage advance vibration is between 0° and 90°, the quantity of local discharge is large. When the phase difference is between 90° and 180°, the local discharge is small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Does watermelon rind waste (Citratus Lannatus) have the potential to be an environmentally friendly paper towel?
- Author
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Latif, Antinah, Ardiani, Septia, Rahmayanti, Handika Dany, and Situngkir, Yessy Yerta
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PAPER towels , *TENSILE strength , *WATERMELONS , *CHEMICAL properties , *MANUFACTURING processes , *OPTICAL properties - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the preparation and characterization of paper towels from watermelon rind waste. The paper towel manufacturing process had several stages: the drying process, pulping process, bleaching process, and printing process. There were five treatments, including paper towels use of NaOH 2.5 M with pulp recycling, paper towels use of 1 NaOH with pulp recycling, paper towels use of 1 NaOH, paper towels use of 1 NaOH with additives, and paper towels use of 1 NaOH with different drying time (110 oC for 60 minutes with ten days of the natural drying). Several characterizations have been employed, such as physical and mechanical properties and optical and chemical properties. The treatments of paper towels were tested, and the test results were compared with SNI 7891: 2017. From the FTIR test, it was observed that the functional groups formed from paper towels from watermelon rind waste. From the Microscope test, paper towels from watermelon skin should be added with materials with long fibers. Based on Physical and Mechanical Characterization, paper towels comply with the SNI. Based on optical characterization, it complies with the SNI for treatments 4 and 5. Chemical characterization is higher than standard. It can be concluded that the natural paper towels from watermelon rind waste comply with the standard of SNI ISO 7891:2017 about Basic Paper towels within the parameter of grammage and water absorption capacity, Tensile strength except for the parameter of tensile strength, pH extract, and fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Study of composition of seaweed of the genus Ulva and filter paper made with added algae by SEM-EDX, PIXE and PIGE.
- Author
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Ene, Antoaneta, Căpriță, Florina Cristiana, Pantelică, Ana, and Ceoromila, Alina
- Subjects
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FILTER paper , *ENERGY dispersive X-ray spectroscopy , *PAPERMAKING , *MARINE algae , *ULVA , *CERAMIALES , *TOXIC algae - Abstract
This paper presents the results obtained from the analyses performed on seaweed and paper made with algal biomass addition using different analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and the ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and gamma-ray emission (PIGE). The analyzed samples consisted of seaweed from the Ulva rigida C. Agardh 1823 species collected from the Black Sea coast, Romania, and filter papers with different mass addition (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8%) of seaweed. Seaweed introduced into the paper can dislodge some of the cellulose fibers, helping to reduce the amount of stranded seaweed that is currently not valorized in Romania. From the analysis of the results, it results that no potential toxic elements have been identified in the algae structure and the algal biomass could be used in the filter paper manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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13. Determination of bactericidal effect of piper betel leaf extract on bacteria by filter paper disc method to check antimicrobial efficacy.
- Author
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Mohammed Ali, S. P. and Pan, Ieshita
- Subjects
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FILTER paper , *ETHANOL , *DISTILLED water , *BACTERIAL growth , *PATHOGENIC microorganisms , *EXTRACTS - Abstract
Effect of a natural compound extracted from Piper Betel leaf by determining bactericidal and or bacteriostatic effect to check antimicrobial efficacy on the pathogenic microorganisms. Bioactive compound extracted in different solvents i.e distilled water, ethanol, and methanol, and its effectivity was determined by measuring the zone of clearance (1 group and 96 samples per group by keeping threshold 0.05 and G power 80%, coincidence interval 95%, and enrollment ratio as 1) by agar diffusion method using kanamycin (30) as a control for the different time period (24 Hrs, 48Hrs and 72Hrs) at 37°C. Promising results were found for the zone of clearance in Escherichia.coli with a significance of about P<0.001 in the ethanol extract after 72 hours of incubation. Compared to 10% extract application where growth of S.aureus was reduced to 4%, addition of 100% crude inhibits bacterial growth up to 95% approximately. For S.aureus and E.coli though ethanol extract was found effective however no significant effect was observed for inhibiting Pseudomonas. Novel bioactive compound extracted from Piper Betel leaf was found effective against pathogens and can be used as a natural component with antimicrobial efficacy in the field of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Microfluidic paper analytic device (μPAD) technology for food safety applications.
- Author
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Soman, Soja Saghar, Samad, Shafeek Abdul, Venugopalan, Priyamvada, Kumawat, Nityanand, and Kumar, Sunil
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FOOD science , *FOOD safety , *MICROFLUIDICS , *FOOD industry , *FOOD quality , *POISONS - Abstract
Foodborne pathogens, food adulterants, allergens, and toxic chemicals in food can cause major health hazards to humans and animals. Stringent quality control measures at all stages of food processing are required to ensure food safety. There is, therefore, a global need for affordable, reliable, and rapid tests that can be conducted at different process steps and processing sites, spanning the range from the sourcing of food to the end-product acquired by the consumer. Current laboratory-based food quality control tests are well established, but many are not suitable for rapid on-site investigations and are costly. Microfluidic paper analytical devices (μPADs) are a fast-growing field in medical diagnostics that can fill these gaps. In this review, we describe the latest developments in the applications of microfluidic paper analytic device (μPAD) technology in the food safety sector. State-of-the-art μPAD designs and fabrication methods, microfluidic assay principles, and various types of μPAD devices with food-specific applications are discussed. We have identified the prominent research and development trends and future directions for maximizing the value of microfluidic technology in the food sector and have highlighted key areas for improvement. We conclude that the μPAD technology is promising in food safety applications by using novel materials and improved methods to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of the assays, with low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Solvent-pumped evaporation concentration on paper in linear and radial geometries.
- Author
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Syms, Richard R. A. and Wright, Steven
- Subjects
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STAGNATION point , *CAPILLARY flow , *FILTER paper , *DIFFUSION coefficients , *PERMEABILITY , *DIFFUSION , *EVAPORATION (Chemistry) - Abstract
Solvent-pumped evaporation-driven concentration of an initial distribution of solutes on a porous substrate is considered in one and two dimensions. Approximate analytic solutions to the isotropic advection–dispersion equations are first found for a Gaussian kernel and an infinite domain, following the smoothed particle approximation. Analytic solutions for more general initial distributions are then found as sums of Gaussians, and comparison is made with numerical solutions. In each case, initial distributions are advected toward the stagnation point and concentrated. Two-dimensional analysis is then extended to describe anisotropy in permeability and diffusion, and hydrodynamic dispersion. Radial-flow experiments are performed using filter papers and water-soluble dyes. Diffusion coefficients, temperature and humidity profiles, and the evolution of spot distributions are measured. The results confirm minor anisotropy in permeability and diffusion, limited hydrodynamic dispersion, and largely uniform evaporation. Péclet numbers over 2500 are demonstrated. Evaporation-driven concentration provides a mechanism for solute transport over long timescales. Potential applications lie in the design of paper spray microanalytical devices operating by solvent pumping rather than capillary flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The impact of paper sludge waste on physical & mechanical properties of cementitious materials.
- Author
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Vaičienė, Marija, Banevičienė, Vilma, and Malaiškienė, Jurgita
- Subjects
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WASTE paper , *MECHANICAL behavior of materials , *ULTRASONIC testing , *PAPERMAKING , *LIME (Minerals) - Abstract
The global production of paper is on the rise, thus leading to increasing amounts of waste in different stages of paper manufacture. Paper sludge waste is the most abundant and there is a big potential to reuse it after appropriate processing. This research paper analyses paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in terms of mineral composition, particle density and water demand in cement-based mixtures, as well as the effect of paper sludge waste on the density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength and mineral composition of cement-based specimens. In the cement paste mixtures 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of cement was replaced with paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h. The ratio between water and solid substances was 0.35. Gehlenite and calcium oxide were found to prevail in the mineral composition of paper sludge waste, whereas water demand of cement-based mixture incorporating paper sludge waste increased 30%. The intensity of XRD curves revealed that a higher content (more than 7.5%) of paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in the mix increases the amount of portlandite and reduces the amounts of cement minerals: alite and belite. An empirical equation was drawn on the grounds of statistical analysis to calculate the compressive strength according paper sludge waste content fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h. The correlation and determination factors more than 0.9 demonstrate that the change of compressive strength in relation to paper sludge waste content can be described by the second degree polynomial equation and the optimum content of paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in the cement matrix is 5%. The highest density and ultrasonic pulse velocity values of cement stone specimens after 28 days of curing were obtained of specimens containing 5% paper sludge waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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17. Microbial valorization of industrial waste biomass using mixed culture medium of microbes and its economic importance.
- Author
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Kandasamy, S., Senthilkumar, B., Pandiselvam, H., Chitra, M., Abinesh, B. S., Jayanthi, B. D. S., Manickam, N., Kalaiselvi, T., and Arun, B. S.
- Subjects
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WASTE paper , *LACTIC acid fermentation , *INDUSTRIAL wastes , *LACTOBACILLUS delbrueckii , *MIXED culture (Microbiology) , *LACTIC acid , *SMOKE - Abstract
The main problem that the society is facing now-a-days is the tedious process which are involved in disposal and handling the huge quantities of food and paper waste generated in India. The waste is discarded or fired, in roads which cause air pollution, a harmful gas, land pollution, smoke, particulates and residue may enter in to a water resource. Since these pollute the environment, these wastes are utilized efficiently and converted in to a useful product which must be eco-friendly. This current research is to produce lactic acid (LA) using various type of wastes such as food and paper sludge. Since LA can be synthesized only by two methods; one is chemical synthesis where natural sources such as petroleum, coal and natural gas are mainly used as a substrate. Another one is microbial synthesis in which carbohydrates such as sugar or starch is converted in to an alcohol or an acid. Most probably, both bacterial and fungal species are used and about 70-80% uses fermentation for the manufacture of Lactic acid. The mixed culture medium of lactobacillus delbrueckii and streptococcus. Sp strain shows highly efficient utilization of substrate. Since Solid state fermentation (SSF) has a possible technology for the synthesis of products related to microbial. This process has minimum energy needs, generates less waste and is eco-friendly. Various parameters such as substrate concentration, temperature likewise other parameters which influence the yield will be varied. The product obtained will be estimated further using HPLC. Overall, the result indicates that bio-waste might be an appropriate substrate for the synthesis of lactic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. Performance study on application of electro-coagulation for pulp and paper industry effluent treatment.
- Author
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Marol, Chethan Kumar and Hugar, Guruprasad M.
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PAPER industry , *WATER purification , *PERFORMANCE theory , *PAPER mills , *IRON - Abstract
In current work, the paper mill effluent is treated with electro-coagulation used as a iron and aluminum as sacrificial materials. Various operating parameters such as pH, treatment time and applied voltage were assorted and their influence on efficiency of electro-coagulation was studied. From the experimental investigation it has been found out that at optimum operating conditions like pH 7, treatment time 60 min and applied voltage 20V, COD and Turbidity removal efficiency were highest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Towards the digital transformations of Oman's health sector - A critical review of the digital transformation initiatives of various countries' health sectors.
- Author
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Said, S. A. and Samuel, S.
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DIGITAL transformation , *ELECTRONIC paper , *MEDICAL personnel , *VALUE creation , *INNOVATION adoption - Abstract
Digital transformations are happening rigorously across all industries during this IR 4.0 era in almost every developing and developed country. In particular, healthcare sectors are digitally transforming to improve their services. This article is part of Oman's healthcare sector's digital transformation initiatives. The objective of this article is to study the digital transformation in the healthcare sectors of various countries. The outcomes will be used as inputs for digital transformations of Oman's health sectors. Research papers on digital transformation in healthcare sectors from Indonesia, UAE, Saudi Arabia, USA, and Brazil were reviewed. The main observations of this review are the main challenges of digital transformations in healthcare, the recommendations to overcome these challenges, and the value creation processes. Apart from this, other important insights are drawn from this study such as examples of digital transformation frameworks in healthcare sectors, digital transformation metrics, details of widely used healthcare applications, technology adoption methods or plans, and skills development plans for healthcare professionals. This study's outcomes will be taken into account and the relevant insights will be integrated into Oman's digital transformation framework for healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Effect of binary blending of waste paper sludge ash and granite dust in fine grained soil stabilization.
- Author
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Hamzah, Khudhur Jaber and Jafer, Hassnen M.
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WASTE paper , *SOIL stabilization , *WASTE products , *GRANITE , *DUST - Abstract
This study aims, through experimental works, to develop a new and sustainable binder by reusing two waste materials, namely waste paper slag ash (WPSA) and granite dust (GD) to stabilize fine-grained soil and reduce the environmental impacts resulting from improper disposal in addition to reducing the use of cement and lime in soil stabilization. The soil utilized in this research was obtained from a site near 80th Street in Babylon Provence. The experimental works included sieve and hydrometer analysis, consistency limits, compaction test, and unconfined compression strength test at 3, 7, and 28 days of curing. Various binary blended binders derived from mixing of WPSA and GD at different proportions; 10:0, 7.5:2.5, 5:5, 2.5:7.5, and 0:10 were utilized. These binary blended binders were mixed with the virgin soil at 10% in the samples testing procedure. The results showed that the use of the mixture containing GD alone resulted in a reduction in the LL, PL, and PI, and when increase the percentage of WPSA in the mixture, LL and PL were increased while PI decreased. Moreover, the maximum dry density of the treated soil increased with the use of GD, however, it decreased significantly after the employing WPSA in the binder used. As per the outcomes of the compressive strength test, it was shown that the use of the mixture WPG0 that contains (100% WPSA) gave the highest compressive strength, which is equivalent to 14 times of that for the virgin soil after 28 days of curing. The strength then dropped with increasing the percentage of granite dust in the mixture. However, mixtures contained both of WPSA and GD exhibited acceptable compressive strength throughout the time of curing as the results indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. An experimental study on utilization of paper pulp and crushed marble dust in M35 grade concrete.
- Author
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Sargunan, K. and Suvarna, M.
- Subjects
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PAPER pulp , *INCINERATION , *WASTE paper , *INDUSTRIAL wastes , *CRUSHED stone , *GREENHOUSE gases , *AIR pollution , *INDUSTRIAL pollution - Abstract
The demand for cement has grown due to the rapid growth of the building sector. Cement manufacture, on the other hand, produces more greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide. As a result, different construction materials must be sought. Paper pulp is made from waste from the paper industry. Every year, the paper industry consumed a significant amount of land in the surrounding area. Some wastes are thrown on land as a disposal method, while some businesses burn their industrial waste in incinerators, causing serious air pollution issues. The impact of employing paper pulp and crushed stone dust as partial replacements in concrete is discussed in this study. The advantages of using paper pulp with crushed stone are explored in this study. Furthermore, this research presents the findings of an experimental inquiry for M35 grade concrete employing wastepaper as an extra ingredient in concrete mixes for housing projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. An optimal supply policy for time depending demand and deterioration with partial exponential backlogging.
- Author
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Arora, Ragini, Gupta, Sangeeta, and Srivastav, Sweta
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CONCAVE functions , *PAPER products , *CONVEX functions , *INVENTORIES - Abstract
We extend the inventory lot-size model in this paper to allow for products to deteriorate at variable rates, and demand is characterized by any log concave function of time that fulfils relatively mild criteria. Partial backlogging is possible with this model. The backlogging rate is a time-dependent, exponentially declining function provided by a parameter. We show that not only does the optimal replacement schedule exist, but that it is also unique. We also show that the inventory system's overall cost is a convex function of the number of replenishments. As a result, identifying a local minimum simplifies the search for the best number of replenishments. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Paper-based evaporation concentrators: Comparison of linear and radial geometries.
- Author
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Syms, Richard R. A. and Wright, Steven
- Subjects
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BEER-Lambert law , *LIGHT transmission , *PAPER chromatography , *FILTER paper , *SQUARE root , *ADVECTION-diffusion equations - Abstract
Paper-based evaporation concentrators with linear and radial geometries are compared. A new method of finding approximate analytic solutions of the advection–dispersion equation is proposed, based on the behavior of concentrators with infinite sources. Analytic approximations are compared with numerical solutions, and the advantage of radial concentration is highlighted: linear concentration rates scale with the square root of the Péclet number Pe while radial rates scale with Pe itself, leading to faster radial concentration beyond a critical value. Experiments are performed with Brilliant Blue FCF dye, using optical transmission and the Beer–Lambert law for quantitation. Dye concentrations are chosen for operation in the linear absorbance regime. Radial concentration is demonstrated under ambient conditions on filter paper disks with 60 mm diameter evaporation areas fed from a perimeter source, in a reverse of the well-known "coffee stain" experiment. Airflow enhanced concentration in strips and wedges is compared directly, using laser-patterned chromatography paper. The advantage of radial concentration is confirmed (and enhanced by diversion of concentrate to the corners of strips) and concentration factors greater than ∼ 500 (the dynamic range of measurement) are obtained in ∼2 h using 30 mm long columns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Assessing the potential utilization of super teak for furniture, flooring, veneer, pulp paper and wood pellets.
- Author
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Indrawan, D. A., Damayanti, R., Ozarska, B., Illic, J., Pari, G., Krisdianto, Dewi, L. M., Pari, R., Agustiningrum, D. A., Adi, D. S., Sofianto, I. A., Djarwanto, and Rahmanto, R. G. H.
- Subjects
- *
WOOD pellets , *WOOD-pulp , *PAPER pulp , *WOOD floors , *TEAK , *WASTE paper , *EUCALYPTUS - Abstract
Super teak is a fast grown species of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) derived from several clones. This has facilitated plantation rotations as short as 5 years. The main target of conventional plantation teak was initially for high value logs. Young teak wood from plantation forest usually has a small diameter. Moreover, the wood from very young stems is unsuitable for direct utilization, but advance wood processing technology can improve the wood properties of small diameter logs. This study aimed to assess the potential utilization of young super teak for high quality products namely furniture, flooring, and veneer, and assess the possibility of the use of manufacture waste for pulp paper and wood pellets as side products. The evaluation were carried out according to the National Indonesian Standard and other international standard requirements. 18 logs from wet (Bogor) and dry (Magetan) sites representing large, medium, and small diameter classes were collected. According to SNI 01-0608-1989 Timber for Furniture, 5-year-old super teak was suitable for furniture production. Furthermore, according to SNI 7732.1: 2011: Teak Veneer, the super teak was classified as Grade C because of the presence of sapwood, pinholes, tight and lose knots. According to Australian Timber Flooring Association, 5-year-old super teak was classifiesd as soft flooring group, the same group as mature teak & radiata pine. The young super teak was classified as Class Quality/Group II with very low active alkali consumption and low Kappa Number according to Indonesian wood fibre criteria for pulp and paper materials and Association of Pulp and Paper in Brazil. Finally, based on SNI 802: 2014 Wood Pellet, the super teak was recommended as by-products for utilising the wood waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Environmental and socio-economic benefits of recycling of waste papers generated by educational institutes.
- Author
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Gupta, Shipra, Kumar, Vijay, Dhyani, Archana, and Singh, Yashvir
- Subjects
- *
PAPER recycling , *WASTE paper , *PAPER mills , *COLLEGE students - Abstract
The understudies of schools and universities devour many papers as note pads, books, assessments, answer books and so forth. After utilizing these papers and advancing in the new class, new requests for scratchpad and books were delivered. The new paper creation by paper factories cause the cut of more trees and timberlands and become the explanation of water, air contamination. Reusing paper squander paper is probably ideal for the supportable turn of events and zero waste targets. Since squander paper reusing supplies critical commitments to the supportability of ranger service assets, to energy-saving endeavours, to decrease ecological contamination levels and viable usage of crude materials. The financial commitment of waste paper reusing can be a lot more prominent if these squanders are gathered at the source. It is essential to distinguish the areas that devour generally higher measure of paper; thus, raise their mindfulness, and give answers for on-source-partition rehearses in such areas. Generally, it realizes that the understudies of universities/schools burnthrough bigger measures of paper contrasted with other shopper units. The current investigation plans to ascertain the worth of financial advantage made by squandering papers gathered usingthe students of College/school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Ultrasonic propagation characteristics of partial discharge in oil-impregnated paper traction transformer.
- Author
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Mu, Guowei, Dai, Quanmin, Chai, Shuying, and Yang, Peng
- Subjects
- *
ULTRASONIC propagation , *PARTIAL discharges , *SOUND pressure , *ULTRASONIC waves , *HEAD waves , *ACOUSTIC emission , *ACOUSTIC field - Abstract
Partial Discharges (PDs) are a significant factor in reducing the insulation life of traction transformers. In recent years, the Acoustic Emission (AE) method has become the most advanced method for detecting PD signals in transformers. The AE method utilizes AE sensors placed on the transformer tank to detect ultrasonic signals emitted by PD and determine the Time Of Arrival (TOA) of the head wave. The windings and cores of a traction transformer consist mainly of metal, which greatly affects the propagation of PD ultrasonic waves. This paper establishes a 110 kV "pressure acoustic, transient" physical field model of the traction transformer with dimensions of 4.63 × 1.48 × 2.84 m3. The model is used to carry out the PD pressure acoustic physical field simulation study of the traction transformer, to clarify the physical characteristics of the ultrasound of the PD defects, and to establish observation points on the transformer tanks to receive ultrasonic time-domain waveforms for PD detection. The simulation results indicate that PD ultrasonic waves exhibit complex propagation characteristics, including reflection, refraction, and reverberation, as they pass through the windings and cores to the observation points. The TOA of the head wave in the ultrasound time-domain waveform is indicated by the first maximum value of the wave crest line. Finally, this paper proposes a multi-level localization method based on the AE method to determine which winding generates the PD in the large-scale traction transformer using only four dynamically moving observation points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Spheroids formation in large drops suspended in superhydrophobic paper cones.
- Author
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Mohapatra, Omkar, Gopu, Maheshwar, Ashraf, Rahail, Easo George, Jijo, Patil, Saniya, Mukherjee, Raju, Kumar, Sanjay, and Mampallil, Dileep
- Subjects
- *
SUPERHYDROPHOBIC surfaces , *CELL culture , *MEDICAL screening , *DRUG development , *OVARIAN cancer , *CANCER cells - Abstract
The utilization of 3D cell culture for spheroid formation holds significant implications in cancer research, contributing to a fundamental understanding of the disease and aiding drug development. Conventional methods such as the hanging drop technique and other alternatives encounter limitations due to smaller drop volumes, leading to nutrient starvation and restricted culture duration. In this study, we present a straightforward approach to creating superhydrophobic paper cones capable of accommodating large volumes of culture media drops. These paper cones have sterility, autoclavability, and bacterial repellent properties. Leveraging these attributes, we successfully generate large spheroids of ovarian cancer cells and, as a proof of concept, conduct drug screening to assess the impact of carboplatin. Thus, our method enables the preparation of flexible superhydrophobic surfaces for laboratory applications in an expeditious manner, exemplified here through spheroid formation and drug screening demonstrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. High areal-capacitance based extremely stable flexible supercapacitors using binder-free exfoliated graphite paper electrode.
- Author
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Yadav, Jitendra Kumar, Rani, Bharti, Tiwari, Ajay, and Dixit, Ambesh
- Subjects
- *
SUPERCAPACITORS , *COPPER , *GRAPHITE , *ELECTRODES , *DIGITAL watches , *SUPERCAPACITOR electrodes , *GRAPHITE oxide - Abstract
The highly porous and binder-free flexible paper electrodes can enhance the specific capacitance of symmetric supercapacitors (SCs) due to their large surface and effective ion diffusion pathways. We synthesized the exfoliated graphite (ExG) by the thermal exfoliation method of chemically treated graphite flakes and compressed it into a paper-like thin sheet (binder-free) of ∼0.15 mm thickness. The coin cell SCs with copper (Cu) and stainless steel (SS) as current collectors have been fabricated for the electrochemical measurement. The cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements are investigated at various scan rates and current densities. The SCs with Cu foil as a current collector perform better than SS-based SCs. The Cu current collector-based SCs showed a specific capacitance of 37.08 mF cm−2, whereas it was ∼29.98 mF cm−2 for SS-based SCs at a 0.01 V s−1 scan rate across a 0–0.6 V potential window. Approximately no degradation in charge storage capacity for more than 15 000 cycles at 0.1 V s−1 shows the ultra-stability of the flexible ExG-based binder-free electrodes. A digital watch is powered using the fabricated pouch cell supercapacitor with copper-based current collectors to show the potential of SCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The effect of spent coffee grounds in increasing the calorific value of waste paper briquettes.
- Author
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Kamal, Dianta Mustofa, Susanto, Iwan, Zainuri, Fuad, Nufus, Tatun H., and Maulidya, Galuh Ineza
- Subjects
- *
BRIQUETS , *WASTE paper , *COFFEE grounds , *WOOD waste , *CHARCOAL - Abstract
Briquettes produced from scrap paper are known for their low calorific value. The calorific value of briquettes from waste paper is in the fourth rank after waste wood, charcoal, and sawdust. Therefore, the correct ratio of composition mixture to create a higher calorific value is required. Spent Coffee Ground (SCG) has been selected as an added material in the composition of biomass mixture since SCG has a high calorific value and is easily found. The purpose of the study is to find the correct ratio that may increase the calorific value of the bio-briquettes made of scrap paper, based on comparative testing and analysis. There are four composition mixture samples used in the study. The first composition mixture is 90% of scrap paper and 10% adhesive; the second one is 70% of scrap paper, 20% of SCG, and 10% adhesive; the third composition mixture is 50% of scrap paper, 40% of SCG, 10% of adhesive; and the fourth composition mixture includes 30% of scrap paper, 60% of SCG and 10% of adhesive. The study shows that the greater ratio of SCG used in the composition will result in a higher calorific value. The research concludes that briquettes achieve their best performances in the composition mixture of 40% of SCG. In the proposed ratio, briquettes are not brittle and produce 5.366 kcal/kg of calorific value; 6.58% of water content; 5.37% of ash content; 28.28% of volatile matter; and 8.91% of shatter index. Therefore, the studied composition can be considered to produce the most efficient biomass briquettes made from scrap paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Determination of insecticide vector distribution on local production filter paper non-gradient.
- Author
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Meilyanawati, Debora, Sutresno, Adita, Shanti, Made Ray Suci, Setiawan, Andreas, and Setiyaningsih, Riyani
- Subjects
- *
FILTER paper , *INSECTICIDE application , *INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets , *INSECTICIDE resistance , *INSECTICIDES , *CYHALOTHRIN , *PAPER products , *DATA quality - Abstract
The application of insecticides on local product filter paper can be made in three ways: droplet use pipette, manual spray, and printing spray. Insecticides play an essential role in a paper, mainly used for testing susceptibility. The way the insecticide is applied affects the distribution on the paper surface. The purpose of calculating the distribution of insecticides on local filter paper is to determine the amount of insecticide in the cavity volume of ordinary paper. The research aims to get the data quality of impregnated paper local production with various spray techniques. To determine the volume of voids on paper and determine the distribution of insecticides can be using ImageJ software. The type of paper used is locally produced filter paper with insecticide lambda cyhalothrin with a predetermined concentration. The study results showed that with the spray machine method, the distribution of insecticides was more evenly distributed than the standard spray method. The range of paper cavity volumes with a spray machine is shorter than the volume range of paper cavities sprayed manually (0.005113), while those with ordinary sprays are (0.007349). These differences indicate that the spray machine is better than the manual spray method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. A study on properties of ceiling board made from waste paper with urea-formaldehyde glue.
- Author
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Hamid, Nor Baizura, Ngadiman, Norhayati, Kaamin, Masiri, Mokhtar, Mardiha, Azmi, Mohamad Azim Mohammad, Abdullah, Noorul Hudai, and Ramli, Mohd Zakwan
- Subjects
- *
WASTE paper , *PAPER pulp , *CEILINGS , *CARDBOARD , *DRYWALL - Abstract
Asbestos and gypsum ceiling board, which recently used, possess certain health risks to humans other than being environmentally-unfriendly. This project aims to investigate the potential use of waste paper in the production of ceiling material to meet the aim of producing an eco-friendly and cost-effective product. The idea of replacing the raw materials to manufacture ceiling boards with the waste paper is to carry out to ascertain its suitability as ceiling board material. The waste paper pulp was sun-dried before mixed with UF adhesive and is compressed under pressure 204 kg/m2 under a temperature of 105°C. The tests conducted include density test, moisture content test, and water absorption test. Tabulated results have shown that the material is more lightweight and comparable moisture content compared to the asbestos and gypsum board material. With the same thickness, 500g of waste paper pulp compressed into a mold with a size 450 mm x 450 mm is more suitable to be commercialized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Development of a paper shearing machine using geneva mechanism.
- Author
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Kumar, Ranjith S., Kaushik, Nitish, Kumar, Sangeeth M., Dhananjayan, T., and Vigneshwar, Raj T.
- Subjects
- *
SHEARS (Machine tools) , *PAPER arts , *CUTTING machines , *PRODUCTION planning , *MANUAL labor , *EXERCISE equipment , *PAPER industry - Abstract
The target of this idea is to plan the paper cutting machine utilizing Geneva component. This machine is utilized to decrease the manual work of paper cutting, and furthermore efficient. This machine is exceptionally valuable for paper fabricating industry likewise we can keep away from the human blunders and it can be used in schools, collages stationary shops, paper stores, etc. This project is designed by chain drive, Geneva mechanism, paper cutter, hinge joint and spring. This machine will minimize the errors occurred while cutting papers using hands and it will also reduce the risk of paper cutting.Thisventures is fixated on the plan and manufacture of an Automatic paper cutting machine utilizing some privately discovered materials. Paper is one of the significantly utilized material in our everyday exercises in bringing data's down essential data's, it is vital that there is a machine that can deal with it at a homegrown level to give the ideal structure for different use.The machine is tried and the yield is assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Effects of Karnaphuli paper mill effluents on the Karnaphuli river water.
- Author
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Hassan, Md. Mehedi, Ali, Md. Hazrat, Ratul, Shahariar Mahmud, and Kabir, Z. M. Mahin
- Subjects
- *
PAPER mills , *SEWAGE disposal plants , *COLIFORMS , *WATER quality , *WATER testing - Abstract
Karnaphuli Paper Mill (KPM) is the country's largest and state-owned paper mill, located at Chandraghona, Chattogram, alongside the Karnaphuli River. At present, 10 to 12 tonnes of paper are being produced daily, resulting in approximately 1000 to 1200 tonnes of waste effluents every day. The water of the Karnaphuli River is being polluting due to untreated effluents discharged from KPM outlets, posing a threat to the Karnaphuli River's aquatic lives. Thus, this research is carried out to test the raw effluents of KPM and the Karnaphuli River water, to compare the water quality with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Bangladesh Environmental Conservative Rules (BECR, 1997) standards to find out the effects of this water on aquatic lives and to suggest remedial measures. Raw effluents were collected from three points of outlets of KPM, and the river water were collected from ten points at upstream and ten points at downstream of outlet at an interval of 100 m each to test the water quality parameters, such as, pH, BOD, COD, total dissolved solids (TDS), Alkalinity, Hardness, Chloride, Turbidity, Fecal coliform, Al, Sn, and Co. The test results were found to be satisfactory, except a few parameters at few locations, which might have negative impacts on river water and aquatic lives. To mitigate the unacceptable concentrations, it is suggested to set up an effluent treatment plant (ETP) to treat the KPM effluents before discharging into the Karnaphuli River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The effect of waste paper fiber on the volumetric and mechanical properties of open graded friction course mixtures.
- Author
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Ghanimi, Nashwan AL, Al-Busaltan, Shakir, and Kadhim, Mustafa Amoori
- Subjects
- *
WASTE paper , *SKID resistance , *ASPHALT modifiers , *MIXTURES , *ASPHALT , *FRICTION - Abstract
Open graded friction course (OGFC) mixtures are generally utilised as an overlay layer on existing pavement layers at thicknesses of up to 50 mm. They are designed with open aggregate skeletons to mitigate noise impact, reduce spray and splash, and minimise night glare. They have also gained widespread popularity worldwide as a result of features such as slip resistance, water permeability, and urban heat reduction. However, despite these advantages, their design structure is somewhat weak due to the high proportion of large gradient gravel content with a lack of smaller particle gradations. In addition to creating air voids of up to 22%, these can cause bitumen and filler to drain down, which is considered one of the main problems of such mixtures. Several researchers have thus attempted to modify the properties of such mixtures by using additives to strengthen the asphalt bond, with improvement sought by adding polymer materials, fiber, or similar additives as additional soft materials. In this study, waste paper fiber (W-PF) was added after being picked to a small size, as this additive has not been used in previous research, in this area and offers both environmental and economic advantages. This was added to the binder at percentages of 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7% by weight, and the performance of each mix was checked with respect to volumetric properties (air voids, bulk density, porosity and permeability) and mechanical properties (Cantabro wear loss (CL), skid resistance and indirect tensile strength (ITS)). The results show that incorporating W-PF into the asphalt binder generally improves the mixture's performance. With respect to volumetric scales, it leads to higher values of porosity, air voids, and permeability, with improvements of around 14%, 10%, and 31%, respectively, at 0.7% W-PF by weight of binder. As the paper dose increases, the bulk density decreases, and the mechanical characteristics such as skid resistance and ITS increase, by roughly 38% and 24%, respectively, at 0.7% W-PF. Using W-PF in the right proportions to stabilise neat asphalt for OGFC mixes thus appears promising as a long-term solution to several issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Investigation on the potential use of waste paper to produce papercrete bricks.
- Author
-
Niyomukiza, John Bosco, Odeke, Bernard Joseph, Owori, David, Tiboti, Paul, Kiwanuka, Moses, and Mbujje, Joel Webster
- Subjects
- *
WASTE paper , *BRICKS , *CONSTRUCTION materials , *LOAD-bearing walls , *BUILDING materials industry , *COMPRESSIVE strength - Abstract
A significant demand has been placed on the building material industry, especially in the last decade due to the increasing population, which causes a chronic shortage of building materials. The current study aims at utilizing waste paper to produce papercrete bricks and study their engineering properties, a step towards sustainable development. Papercrete is rapidly gaining popularity in the building construction industry worldwide because of its environmental friendliness, low-cost and lightweight. The study considered literature and related ideas up to conceptualization and design of the trial ratio used in testing. Trial mixes of paper sludge, sand, and cement at different proportions made papercrete bricks of dimensions 220×110×102 mm. The tests conducted included compressive strength and water absorption. The mixes of paper sludge, sand, and cement in the ratio of 50, 35, and 15%, respectively, gave the best results. The compressive strength increased with the increase in the curing period. The rate at which the papercrete bricks absorbed water reduced as the curing period increased for all the papercrete trial mixes. It was concluded that percentages of paper sludge less than 50% are recommended for non-load bearing walls such as parapet walls and partition walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Effect of papaya latex bio-activators on the morphological changes of recycled pulp fiber and paper properties: A progress towards green technology.
- Author
-
Anisa, Nurfa, Darmadi, Djarot B., Sugiono, Ngafwan, Waluyo, Budi, and Wardana, I. N. G.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER pulp , *GREEN technology , *PAPAYA , *NANOFIBERS , *LATEX , *LIQUID waste , *WATER storage - Abstract
It is essential to use enzymes as a substituting chemical to enhance the properties of pulp and paper. However, there is a limited match between the material and the enzymes applied. Therefore, this research aims to increase pulp and paper properties enzymatically by adding papaya latex bio-activator in the recycled pulp process using the hydrolyzing method. The results showed that this bio-activator made the fiber bulky due to the storage of more water in the pulp, thereby expanding the fiber surface, which facilitated tearing and increasing fibrillation in the refining process. This process led to changes in the surface morphology of fiber and structure of pulp fibers, which were determined from the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test. It also increased fiber fibrillation, which led to a rise in bond strength between fibers capable of raising paper properties. In conclusion, papaya latex bio-activator reduces the use of chemical hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), increases fibrillation in the refining process and reduces environmental liquid waste pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Smart microphonic grievance system.
- Author
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Nandhitha, S., Ragul, T., Rithiga, R., and Juvanna, I.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRONIC paper , *MUNICIPAL services , *PSYCHOLOGICAL feedback , *PRODUCT quality - Abstract
In the world of today, receiving complaints or feedback has become fundamental for an organization aiming to improve the quality of its products or services. Similarly, public complaints must be addressed to improve government service. There is no direct or effective channel for citizens in India to address issues with the government. Later, the government launched applications for registering complaints to make the public's job easier. However, there are some issues related to those applications' equity, i.e., the difficulty faced by the rural community and uncivilized people in using those applications. This paper proposes a smart microphonic grievance system that will allow people to register complaints orally, automatically classify them, and forward them to the appropriate sector. The test results demonstrate that this system can reduce the time and process for filing complaints and that it can be used by a diverse group of individuals in society. Overall, this system is a valuable solution for improving complaint management and addressing the unique needs of rural residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Production and decolorization of lignin from industrial waste of pulp and paper based on the coagulation method using poly aluminium chloride.
- Author
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Imalia, Calaelma Logys, Pramudono, Bambang, Priyanto, Slamet, Fatmawati, Rosemerry, and Tiurma, Maureen Yudith
- Subjects
- *
INDUSTRIAL wastes , *WASTE paper , *ALUMINUM chloride , *PAPER pulp , *SULFATE waste liquor , *INDUSTRIAL pollution , *COLOR removal (Sewage purification) , *LIGNIN structure - Abstract
Pulp and paper industrial waste or what is known as black liquor contains toxic contents, if not treated first, it can cause environmental pollution. So far, black liquor has only been used for the manufacture of biofuels and fuel for the paper industry, while 46% of lignin is the total solids in the black liquor component itself. This study aims to determine how much the percentage of decolorization of black liquor and producing lignin with bright colors using the coagulation method. The coagulant used in this study was Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) with various concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) v / v. The results showed that the coagulation method proved effective in decolorizing lignin made from black liquor as raw material. The optimum condition to obtain decolorization was 90.44% using 2% PAC coagulant concentration and the total retention time of 24 hours. In addition, FTIR was used to qualitatively analyze the sludge produced during the coagulation process, and the results showed that there are several different groups in the lignin unit. The lignin obtained using the coagulation method produces a brighter brown color, is insoluble in water and odorless with a yield of 38.3%, a pH of 1.68, a purity of 54.8%, and water content and an ash content of 0.2% and 27.2%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Comparative evaluation of mass oxygen transfer in existing aeration systems with advance oxidation techniques for treatment agro based pulp and paper mill effluents.
- Author
-
Sharda, Avinash Kumar, Kanwar, Varinder S., and Sharma, Ashok
- Subjects
- *
PULP mills , *PAPER mills , *AERATION tanks , *MASS transfer , *PAPER pulp , *DISSOLVED air flotation (Water purification) - Abstract
Mass Oxygen Transfer is a molecular diffusion of gas in a liquid depending upon its characteristics, concentration and cross-sectional area across which diffusion occurs and is accomplished in aerobic digestion of organics through different aeration equipment. Accordingly the comparative evaluation of mass transfer oxygen by different aeration equipment were conducted in existing aeration tanks of Agro Based Pulp and Paper Mill by studying the effect during pre and post injection of liquid oxygen through submerged and floating turbine systems coupled with fine bubble replacing existing coarse bubble diffuser. The dissolved oxygen levels in the second aeration tank (AT2) equipped with submerged turbine has further improved in the range of 2 to 2.5 comparison to lower values up to 1.5 mg/l observed in first aeration tank (AT1) with floating turbine systems. It was further studied that if fine bubble diffuser replacing existing pipe in both the aeration tanks are further coupled with liquid oxygen injection through submersible turbine system in both the aeration tanks shall increase dissolved oxygen levels up to 3-3.5 mg/l besides reduction in energy consumption up to 25% thus lowering overall treatment cost and further improve the treatment efficiencies for reduction a of BOD and COD at the final out let well below compliance level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Comparison of power generation from restaurant wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cell using carbon felt electrode with carbon paper electrode.
- Author
-
Chowdary, K. R. Vineela and Ethiraj, Baranitharan
- Subjects
- *
MICROBIAL fuel cells , *CARBON electrodes , *CARBON paper , *WASTEWATER treatment , *DEIONIZATION of water , *POWER density - Abstract
The major aim of this study is to compare the power generation of carbon felt electrode and carbon paper electrode operated Microbial fuel cells (MFC) using restaurant wastewater. Restaurant wastewater samples were collected from MFC with carbon felt electrode (N=13) and carbon paper electrode (N=13) operated for 10 days (G power 80%). Voltage was measured using a multimeter and current, power, power density was calculated from it for both groups. The Power generation was found to be high in MFC operated with carbon felt electrode (410 mW/m2) due to its active surface area, strong conductivity, and good biocompatibility compared to carbon paper electrode (121 mW/m2). The independent sample T-test was done which showed that the power generation of MFC operated with carbon felt electrode (p<0.001) found to be significantly higher compared with MFC operated with carbon paper electrode. The study shows that carbon felt electrode operated MFC is able to achieve higher power generation compared to carbon paper electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A simple and low-cost paper-based device for simultaneous determination of hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in point-of-care settings.
- Author
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Ram, Rishi, Kumar, Dharmendra, Paik, Pradip, and Sarkar, Arnab
- Subjects
- *
HEMATOCRIT , *HEMOGLOBINS , *ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC acid , *BLOOD testing , *POINT-of-care testing - Abstract
Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels are common blood tests used to assess the overall health status of patients as well as the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. The gold-standard technologies to determine the hematocrit and hemoglobin levels are precise and fast, but they are not pragmatic in extreme point-of-care settings due to the prohibitive cost, process complexity, and sophisticated facilities. Therefore, here, we report the development of a microfluidic paper-based analytical device to determine hematocrit and hemoglobin levels simultaneously. This device exploits the area of the stain formed by a spreading drop of 20 μl of whole blood on Whatman filter paper immobilized with sodium chloride and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for hematocrit level, whereas for hemoglobin concentration, it utilizes the gray color intensity of a 20 μl droplet of a mixture of blood and de-ionized water. The performance of the device is verified by comparing with gold-standard results of the automated hematology analyzer, showing a high degree of correlation (R2) of 0.9651 and 0.9701 for hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, respectively. The bias and standard deviation of the differences between the two measurements for hematocrit determination are 0.002 and 1.005, respectively, while the bias and standard deviation of differences between the two methods for hemoglobin determination are 0.065 and 0.398, respectively. This device is likely to provide a simple, fast, disposable, and inexpensive tool to determine the hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in resource-constraint settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Solute imbibition in paper strip: Pore-scale insights into the concentration-dependent permeability.
- Author
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Behera, Prateechee Padma, Mehta, Sumit Kumar, Arun, Ravi Kumar, and Mondal, Pranab Kumar
- Subjects
- *
PERMEABILITY , *MICROFLUIDICS , *COMPUTER simulation - Abstract
Capillary wicking in a thicker gel blot microfluidics paper has been investigated through a combination of an analytical framework, experiments, and numerical simulations. The primary objectives of this work are to investigate the concentration-dependent wicking process inside thicker microfluidic paper and to estimate the concentration-dependent permeability using both theoretical models and experimental data. An additional goal is to estimate the parameters for saturation-dependent flow modeling in thicker microfluidic paper. To comprehend the wicking phenomenon on thicker gel blot paper, a series of experiments employing aqueous food dye solutions at varying concentrations has been conducted. In order to calculate the temporal wicking length analytically, the Brinkman-extended Darcy equation is implemented. By modifying the permeability expression for a simple rectangular unidirectional fiber cell and pure liquid, the expression of effective permeability for the analytical framework has also been introduced. The concentrations of the food dye solutions appear to have a substantial influence on the wicking phenomenon. Effective permeability and wicking length have been found to follow a decreasing pattern at lower concentrations while both increase at higher values. Intriguingly, employing a microfluidics paper with a relatively greater thickness facilitates the visualization of the fluid front. This phenomenon is identified by the formation of an acute angle at intermediate time instants, while the fluid front angle assumes an angle nearly ∼90° during smaller and higher time instants. In order to evaluate the saturation-dependent capillary pressure and permeability, the empirical correlation of concentration-dependent Brooks and Corey parameters is additionally determined experimentally. These parameters are subsequently employed in numerical simulations to illustrate the saturation-dependent flow field using Richards' equation. Furthermore, numerical simulations based on these estimated model parameters have been conducted, and it turns out that the saturation field has an excellent agreement with the experimental results. The results of the current study can be used to design low-cost paper-based diagnostic devices for usage in healthcare and environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Obtaining paper based on cellulose from low grades of lint in combination with waste.
- Author
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Sayfutdinov, Ramizitdin and Mukhitdinov, Umid
- Subjects
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CELLULOSE , *WASTE paper , *PAPER products - Abstract
There is a shortage of paper and paper products in Uzbekistan. In this regard, this work presents the results of studies of the possibility of obtaining paper from cotton cellulose and using cotton cellulose in combination with waste paper. Were studied methods of making prototypes of paper from cotton cellulose obtained from different varieties of cotton linti, as well as from a mixture of this cellulose in combination with waste paper at different ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. An investigation into the strength development of cement concrete blended with hypo sludge ash.
- Author
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Ingale, Sujata and Nemade, Pravin
- Subjects
- *
CONCRETE , *WASTE paper , *LIME (Minerals) , *CONCRETE mixing , *MAGNESIUM oxide , *CONCRETE additives , *CEMENT admixtures - Abstract
The study aims to produce concrete using various percentages of hypo-sludge ash (HAS) in place of cement. The waste paper sludge ash is composed of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide. Therefore, it can be tested as an innovative cement replacement, providing a solution for traditional concrete. For this study, the various proportions of ash used are 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight of cement. The mixed design carried out was as per the Indian standard code. The ingredients used for concrete making are cement, aggregates, hypo sludge ash (HSA), superplasticizer, and water. A test mix was carried out to check the behaviour of a concrete mix, and its physical and hardening properties were checked. Cube samples were cured for 3, 7, 14, and 28 days to check hardening properties. Experimental analysis shows that by replacing 5% cement with HSA, the strength results obtained are close to the reference concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The effect of electric field on the pyrolysis of transformer insulation oil–paper based on molecular dynamics.
- Author
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Zhang, Xiaoxing, Cai, Fujin, Jin, Shuo, Lin, Hui, Fang, Rui, and Wu, Yunjian
- Subjects
- *
TRANSFORMER insulation , *ELECTRIC field effects , *MOLECULAR dynamics , *INSULATING oils , *ELECTRIC fields - Abstract
The regular operation of transformers is significantly impacted by the insulation effectiveness of the transformer insulation oil–paper. In order to explore the mechanism of the influence of an electric field on the thermal decomposition performance of insulating oil–paper, this paper simulated the process of electrothermal coupling decomposition of insulating oil–paper from the micro-level based on molecular dynamics. It was determined that the insulating oil is made up of three 16-carbon hydrocarbon molecules, while the insulating paper is made up of 30 fibrous disaccharide molecules. Using the molecular dynamics simulation approach, the pyrolysis of the insulating oil and insulating paper under various electric field strengths was simulated, and the lysis of reactants and the distribution of products were statistically examined. This paper also studied how the electric field affected the microscopic process of the insulating oil–paper pyrolysis. The findings demonstrate that under the influence of electrothermal coupling, the big molecules of the insulating oil and insulating paper are pyrolyzed to produce a variety of tiny molecules. For the insulating oil, it is easily subject to electron displacement polarization under the influence of an external electric field since it contains non-polar molecules, especially impacted by an electric field of 100 V/m. For the insulating paper, its polar nature, on the other hand, makes itself a good candidate for guiding polarization when exposed to an external electric field. So, the greater the electric field strength is, the greater the impact on the thermal decomposition of the insulating paper is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Research on the performance of green and environmentally friendly epoxy resin impregnated paper 110 kV current transformer.
- Author
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Fang, Zhao, Yang, Xuefeng, Zeng, Haiyan, Liu, Haiqiong, Zhou, Xiang, Zhu, Wei, and Xia, Huaimin
- Subjects
- *
CURRENT transformers (Instrument transformer) , *EPOXY resins , *ELECTRIC power distribution grids , *GREEN technology - Abstract
As an important high-voltage electrical equipment in the substation, the performance stability of high-voltage current transformers is directly related to the safe operation of the power grid. The insulating medium of the traditional oil-immersed current transformer is an oil-immersed paper structure. When the oil-immersed current transformer malfunctions, it is easy to cause fire and explosion, resulting in very serious consequences. If the transformer with the epoxy resin impregnated paper insulation medium is used, there is no oil and gas inside; thus, it has high reliability, which greatly reduces the risk of fire and explosion. Based on this, considering the application research on the high-voltage current transformers epoxy resin impregnated paper technology, this paper mainly analyzes some precautions for the application of epoxy resin impregnated paper technology to the high-voltage current transformers from three aspects: the research on the insulation performance of the epoxy resin impregnated paper transformers, the research on the mechanical properties, and the research on the relevant experimental methods of the epoxy resin impregnated paper technology application to the high-voltage current transformers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Enhanced capillary pumping using open-channel capillary trees with integrated paper pads.
- Author
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Tokihiro, Jodie C., Tu, Wan-chen, Berthier, Jean, Lee, Jing J., Dostie, Ashley M., Khor, Jian Wei, Eakman, Madeleine, Theberge, Ashleigh B., and Berthier, Erwin
- Subjects
- *
CAPILLARIES , *MULTICASTING (Computer networks) , *MICROFLUIDICS , *ISOPROPYL alcohol , *FLOW velocity , *TREE branches , *TREES , *PENTANOL - Abstract
The search for efficient capillary pumping has led to two main directions for investigation: first, assembly of capillary channels to provide high capillary pressures, and second, imbibition in absorbing fibers or paper pads. In the case of open microfluidics (i.e., channels where the top boundary of the fluid is in contact with air instead of a solid wall), the coupling between capillary channels and paper pads unites the two approaches and provides enhanced capillary pumping. In this work, we investigate the coupling of capillary trees—networks of channels mimicking the branches of a tree—with paper pads placed at the extremities of the channels, mimicking the small capillary networks of leaves. It is shown that high velocities and flow rates (7 mm/s or 13.1 μl/s) for more than 30 s using 50% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol, which has a 3-fold increase in viscosity in comparison to water; 6.5 mm/s or 12.1 μl/s for more than 55 s with pentanol, which has a 3.75-fold increase in viscosity in comparison to water; and >3.5 mm/s or 6.5 μl/s for more than 150 s with nonanol, which has a 11-fold increase in viscosity in comparison to water, can be reached in the root channel, enabling higher sustained flow rates than that of capillary trees alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Water absorbency of oil palm empty fruit bunch paper.
- Author
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Susiani, Susiani, Suryadi, Gema S., Rahmayanti, Handika D., Oktavia, Evi, Ananto, Purnomo, and Sarono, Sarono
- Subjects
- *
OIL palm , *WOOD-pulp , *RAW materials , *FRUIT , *WATER testing , *CARDBOARD - Abstract
Paper-making raw materials are a mixture of pure wood pulp and recycled pulp. Recycled pulp is obtained from used paper imported from abroad, in addition to the development of paperless culture also has an impact on the reduced availability of raw materials. Empty bunch fiber of palm oil is one of the natural materials that have the potential to be used as an alternative to a pulp for the manufacture of cardboard paper because it has a high holocellulose content. This study has successfully developed cardboard paper developed from oil palm empty fruit bunch pulp with 6 variations of treatment, steam, no steam, NaOH 2.5%, NaOH 5% and mill duration (20 minutes and 30 minutes). The developed cardboard paper is then tested for its water absorbency. Water Absorbency value testing is done by the Cobb method (60). Based on the test results obtained the water absorption values is in the range of 500 - 600 g/m2. Cartons that received treatment, no steam, added NaOH 2.5%, and milled for 30 minutes, has the lowest water absorption value compared to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Characteristics of ORW e-paper with small azo dye exposure time.
- Author
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Kudreyko, Aleksey, Chigrinov, Vladimir, and Bachurina, Olga
- Subjects
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ELECTRONIC paper , *ROTATIONAL diffusion , *AZO dyes , *REFLECTANCE - Abstract
Time-limited exposure of electrode-free optically rewritable electronic paper is essential for applications, but performance characteristics can be modest. In this study, we investigate whether image writer mode can improve kinetics of the photosensitive layer order parameter, which is described by the rotational diffusion model. The model that we developed allows adjusting the transmittance spectra of polarizers. We have found that fairly uniform transmittance spectrum of polarizers enables to obtain competitive contrast ratio of 8:1 within 10 s of exposure. In comparison with long-time exposure, the reflectance coefficient is reduced by 24%. Computer-generated image is consistent with the experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Performance improvement of squirrel cage induction motor: A review paper.
- Author
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Esam, Hiba, Ali, Ahmed J., and Shanshal, Abdullah K.
- Subjects
- *
SQUIRREL cage motors , *INDUCTION motors , *FINITE element method , *MAGNETIC flux , *MACHINE performance - Abstract
Nowadays, induction machines can be considered the backbone of various industrial applications due to the many characteristics such as rigidity, simplicity, high reliability, and low maintenance that can be manufactured for a long time. However, poor efficiency and power factor and increased amounts of torque ripple and losses significantly impact the performance and hence its efficiency. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of induction machines, the special design topology for stator and rotor configurations must be investigated and correctly estimated. This paper presents the analysis of the variable geometries of the cage's rotating bars. More specifically, the influence of dimensions and positions, as well as the shapes of the rotor rods, have a significant impact on the dynamic performance (developed torque, starting torque, ripple torque, starting current, power factor, harmonics, output power, and efficiency) are investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to create the optimum designs as well as calculations are used to optimize the shapes of rotor slots in order to improve starting performance characteristics such as starting current, initial torque, magnetic flux connection under starting conditions, and efficiency. Furthermore, the characteristic of the manufacturing material of the rotor are examined, and methods to reduce losses for an induction motor to enhance efficiency are examined. This paper focuses on the squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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