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This paper describes an approach to the control of continuous systems through the use of symbolic models describing the system behavior only at a finite number of points in the state space. These symbolic models can be seen as abstract representations of the continuous dynamics enabling the use of algorithmic controller design methods. We identify a class of linear control systems for which the loss of information incurred by working with symbolic subsystems can be compensated by feedback. We also show how to transform symbolic controllers designed for a symbolic subsystem mb controllers for the original system. The resulting controllers combine symbolic controller dynamics with continuous feedback control laws and can thus be seen as hybrid systems. Furthermore, if the symbolic controller already accounts for software/hardware requirements, the hybrid controller is guaranteed to enforce the desired specifications by construction thereby reducing the need for formal verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents several research papers relating to algorithms. The paper "Greatest Common Divisor of n Integers and Multipliers" presents an algorithm which calculates the greatest common divisor, IGCD, of n integers. Details of the method and comparisons to other algorithms are also given. The algorithm is a new version of the Euclidean algorithm for n integers. The n-1 calculations of the greatest common divisor of two integers is accomplished by means of a modified version of the Blankinship algorithm. The paper "Exponential Integral Ei (x)" presents the results of one phase of research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under Contract NAS7-100, sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It presents an algorithm which was compiled and executed without any modification on a UNIVAC 1108 computer. An unfortunate precedent has been set in several recent algorithms of using an illegal FORTRAN construction.

The article offers news briefs related to the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) in the U.S. The United States of America Standards Institute Inc. (USASI) changed its name to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). A symposium on mathematical software will be held at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana will be held from April 1 -3, 1970. The Second Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing will be held in Northampton Massachusetts from May 4-6, 1970.

Abstract In recent years, healthcare spending has risen and become a burden on governments especially in the US. One of the reasons for this increase is hospital readmissions. Decreasing the number of readmissions can reduce the healthcare spending. The first part of this paper examines state-of-the-art applications that aim to reduce the number of readmissions at hospitals. We categorize these applications into three different categories and highlight not only their benefits, but also their weaknesses. Moreover, we describe the limitations and challenges faced by these systems to demonstrate the possible future research paths. The second part of this paper presents novel algorithms to reduce the number of readmissions by applying the concept of personalization and actionable patterns. First, we start by extracting all possible procedure paths (course of treatments) for a given procedure. Then, we cluster patients according to the similarities in their diagnoses in order to increase the predictability of the next procedure. Finally, we present a novel algorithm that provides recommendations (actionable knowledge) to the physicians to put patients on a treatment path that would result in optimal reduction of the number of readmissions on average case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses issues related to electronic signatures. According to Richard Hansberger, director of eNotarization at the National Notaries Association (NNA), more than 900 million transactions are notarized in the U.S. annually. To accommodate the increasing number of digital transactions, the NNA created an electronic notary seal (ENS). Security features such as biometrics, public-key interfaces, third-party time stamps and hash algorithms can be integrated into the electronic document process to prevent misuse.

This article presents information on a procedure that is a part of a large program which produces the card stunts for the Stanford University football game half-times. The initial development was done by L. Breed, L. Tesler, and J. Sauter. The author made many further developments on this program which included producing an algorithm for coloring in polygonal regions. Prior to the development of this algorithm, there were many cases which did not work. The larger program takes as input an English description of the stunts and produces as output an image of each flip, as a rectangle that has 45 rows with 77 seats in each row. The main program, which will be considered the driver program for the purpose of the procedure drawarea, does all of the handling of the definition of regions and also the printing of the images. It should be mentioned that the procedure drawarea in the actual program is just part of a larger procedure and that all of the parameters are global in order to increase efficiency.

The article discusses patents, examining the question of what constitutes a patentable business method. The impact of the 1998 decision rendered by the U.S. Federal Circuit Court of Appeals regarding "State Street Bank Bank v. Signature Financial Group" is described. Topics include whether software algorithms should be patentable and a flood of patent applications received by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO). The decision in February 2008 of the Federal Circuit to hear en banc an appeal by businessman Bernard Bilski is discussed.

The article discusses efforts to avoid cognitive bias attributable to humans in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine-learning algorithms. An overview of the biases in algorithms' predictions of African Americans' committing drug crimes, in which they were erroroneously predicted to commit more crimes than whites, is provided.

the article offers information on the Computers in Libraries (CIL) conference held in the Hyatt Regency in Crystal City, Virginia from April 17–19, 2018. Topics include role of libraries in digital communities; community impact of digital transformation; and trend in web search. It featured professionals from the industry including Greg Notess, Jeanne Holm and Rick Huijbregts.

The article discusses the author's views about how to transform the utilization of radio spectrum from a low-value use such as over-the-air television to a high-value use such as wireless broadband communication, and it mentions the U.S. Federal Communications Commission's (FCC's) incentive auctions and the agency's right to move television stations to other frequencies. Spectrum allocation repacking problems, clearing targets, and data-driven algorithms are examined.

This article presents information on the top technology innovators under age 35 as of October 1, 2005. Parham Aarabi, a professor of electrical engineering at the University of Toronto in Ontario, developed an algorithm that calculates the difference between the times at which a sound reaches two closely spaced microphones. Martha Bulyk of Harvard Medical School in the U.S. has adapted gene chip technology to determine the DNA binding preferences of proteins. An application that offers real-time software diagnostics has been created by Bryan Cantrill, senior staff engineer at Sun Microsystems.

The article presents information about candidates for members at large for the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). Scholar Roscoe C. Giles's formal education is in theoretical physics. He received a Ph.D. from Stanford in 1975 and graduation honors in 1970. His dissertation focused on extended string-like models of strongly interacting particles and was titled "Quarks and Bubble: A Field Theory Model of Hadron Structure." His research focuses on the application of high performance and parallel computing to physics and materials problems. He has developed parallel algorithms for large scale micromagnetic modeling and molecular dynamics simulations. As an outgrowth of these computational science research efforts, he has become committed to prototyping and building computational and educational infrastructure that will enable broad participation of scholars, students and communities in computing. James Jay Horning from Inter Trust Technologies Corp., California, believes that 35 years of academic and industrial computing research have prepared him to help guide ACM programs that serve the research community, without neglecting needs of ACM's other members. ACM is currently doing many things right; several initiatives are making things better. ACM's publications have always been one of its greatest strengths.

The article examines financial algorithms used in stock trading and their influence and effect on financial markets. It notes that some are self-learning and can be more efficient than human traders. Algorithm monitoring by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and by financial companies is discussed and the changing concept of the global financial market is explored.