Search

This book presents advances in the field of rare-earth (R) – transition metal (M) – boron compounds with extensive references. Since titanium and scandium do not form compounds with rare-earths, the Sc/Ti-M-B series are additionally presented. In each chapter the crystal structures, the complex physical properties as determined from neutron diffraction, magnetic measurements, resonance studies, transport properties and band structure calculations are critical analyzed. The models used in describing the experimental evidence are also presented. Tables with the main properties of the R-M-B compounds are given and representative data are illustrated in figures. In this way, the book provides state-of-the art knowledge and a valuable analysis of up-to-date results in the field. The technical applications, as permanent magnets, thermoelectric and magnetocaloric devices, hydrogen storage are also highlighted along with the authors insights into future directions in the field. The book is ofinterest for scientists involved in the development of the field as well as those working in the technical uses of rare-earth compounds.

This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date description of the Josephson effect, a topic of never-ending interest in both fundamental and applied physics. In this volume, world-renowned experts present the unique aspects of the physics of the Josephson effect, resulting from the use of new materials, of hybrid architectures and from the possibility of realizing nanoscale junctions. These new experimental capabilities lead to systems where novel coherent phenomena and transport processes emerge. All this is of great relevance and impact, especially when combined with the didactic approach of the book. The reader will benefit from a general and modern view of coherent phenomena in weakly-coupled superconductors on a macroscopic scale. Topics that have been only recently discussed in specialized papers and in short reviews are described here for the first time and organized in a generalframework. An important section of the book is also devoted to applications, with focus on long-term, future applications. In addition to a significant number of illustrations, the book includes numerous tables for comparative studies on technical aspects.

The physics of vortices in classical fluids has been a highly important subject for many years, both in fundamental science and in engineering applications. About 50 years ago, vortices started to become prominent as quantum me­ chanical objects constructed from a macroscopic wavefunction. Here the key developments are associated with the names R. Feynman, L. Onsager, L. D. Landau, F. London, V.L. Ginzburg and A.A. Abrikosov. Recently, the physics of vortices has undergone a further important step of diversification, namely in unconventional superconductors and superfluids, which are characterized by an anisotropic and/or spatially complex order parameter. It is this latest evolutionary step of vortex physics that is addressed in this book. The indi­ vidual chapters are concerned with the microscopic structure and dynamics of vortices in diverse systems ranging from superfluids and superconductors to neutron stars. Each of the 20 chapters is written by one or more experts on the parti­ cular subject. Each chapter provides an introduction and overview, empha­ sizing theoretical as well as experimental work, and includes references to both recent and pioneering earlier developments. In this way non-expert rea­ ders will also benefit from these lecture notes. Hence, the book will be useful for all researchers and graduate students interested in the physics of vorti­ ces in unconventional superconductors and superfluids. It may also serve as supplementary material for a graduate course on low-temperature solid-state physics.

This volume contains the proceedings of the ffiM Japan International Sympo­ sium on Strong Correlation and Superconductivity, which was held in Keidan­ ren Guest House at the foot of Mt. Fuji, May 21-25, 1989. The purpose of the Symposium was to provide an opportunity for discus­ sions on the problem of strong correlation of electrons in the context of high-Tc superconductivity. Sixty-eight scientists were invited from seven countries and forty-three papers were presented in the Symposium. Soon after the discovery ofhigh-Tc superconducting oxides, Professor P. W. Anderson proposed that the essence of high-Tc superconductivity lies in the strong correlation among the electrons in these materials. This proposal has stimulated a wide range of theoretical investigations on this profound and dif­ ficult problem, which are expected to lead eventually to new concepts describ­ ing strong electron correlation. In the Symposium, Anderson himself started lively discussions by his talk entitled'Myth and Reality in High-Tc Supercon­ ductivity', which was followed by various reports on theoretical studies and experimental results. Concise and thoughtful summaries of experiment and theory were given by Professors H. R. Ott and P. A. Lee, respectively. It is our hope that this volume reflects the present status of the research activity on this outstanding problem from the viewpoint of the basic physics and that it will further stimulate the effort to understand these fascinating systems, the high-Tc oxides.

The sixth Taniguchi Symposium on the Theory of Condensed Matter was held between 14-18 November 1983 at Kashikojima. Japan. During the Symposium, about twenty participants lived together and discussed the magnetic super­ conductors and related problems in an active and friendly atmosphere. This volume contains the papers presented at this Symposium. A strong impetus for organizing a Symposium of this subject is afforded by recent intense interest and accumulated information on magnetic and other novel superconductors newly discovered, and indeed the Symposium has pro­ duced many excellent contributions to this very exciting field of condensed matter theory, as reported in this volume. In order to give the readers a general outline of the subject, a brief sketch of the problem is made in the Introduction. Then the remainder of this volume is divided into four Parts and an Appendix. Part I is devoted to di scuss ions on several aspects of ferromagnetic superconductors includ ing superconductivity in heavy fermion systems. Part II treats problems on anti­ ferromagnetic superconductors. In Part III three papers on organic supercon­ ductors are presented. Part IV includes discussions on the exotic supercon­ ductors. The Appendix is concerned with the new research project towards high Tc superconductors in Japan. The last but not least remark is to mention the activity of the Taniguchi Foundation whose support makes this Symposium possible. For many years Mr.

Physics and Chemistry of Transition-Metal Oxides includes both theoretical and experimental approaches to the variety of phenomena found in the transition-metal oxides, including high-temperature superconductivity, colossal magnetoresistance, and metal-insulator transition. These are the central issues in materials science and condensed matter physics/chemistry, and readers can obtain up-to-date information on what is happening in this field of research.

Ruthenate materials have come into focus recently because of their very interesting magnetic and superconducting properties. From the first international conference on this topic, the present volume has emerged as a first coherent account of the considerable body of work, both theoretical and experimental, gathered in this field within a short time span. The book has been written in the form of a set of lectures and tutorial reviews with the aim of providing the research community with both a comprehensive and modern source of reference and a tutorial introduction for postgraduate students and nonspecialists working in related areas.

This book is addressed to all scientists interested in the use of high magnetic?elds and in the use of high-?eld facilities around the world. In particular it will help young scientists and newcomers to the topic to gain a better understanding in areas such as condensed matter physics, in which the magnetic?eld plays a key role either as a parameter controlling the Hamiltonian, or as an experimental tool to probe the underlying mechanism. This concerns mostly strongly correlated and (or) low dimensional systems. Rather than covering all these subjects in detail, the philosophy here is to give essential physical concepts in some of the most active?elds, which have been quickly growing in the last ten to twenty years. Besides its role as a physical parameter in condensed matter physics, a large magnetic?eld is essential to Electron Paramagentic Resonance (EPR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The state of art of high resolution NMRin liquids and solids and high frequency EPRapplied to?elds like chemistry and biology are also reviewed in this volume. The?rst series of chapters is devoted to the integer and the Fractional Qu- tum Hall E?ects (FQHE) in two-dimensional electron systems. C. Glattli brushes an historical background and a comprehensive review of transport phenomena in these systems, including recent developments on the mesoscopic electronic transport at the edges of quantum Hall samples, chiral Luttinger liquids and fractional excitations. R.

This book containing 30 articles written by highly reputed experts is dedicated to K. Alex Müller on the occasion of his 80th birthday. The contributions reflect the major research areas of K. Alex Müller which he activated in high temperature superconductivity and phase transitions. They are theoretical as well as experimental ones and focus mainly on high temperature superconductivity. A smaller part deals with ferroelectricity and their applications. Also in this field there have recently been major break throughs experimentally as well as theoretically which will be addressed by the invited authors. During the scientific career of K. Alex Müller he made major advances in the understanding of ferroelectricity, which used to be his major research field. The discovery of superconductivity in cuprates for which he received together with J. Georg Bednorz the Nobel Prize in 1987 has not diminished his interest in this area, but has enlarged his activities considerably.