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The problem of environmental vibrations induced by moving traffic loads, is today increasingly one of the fundamental problems to be solved in traffic line planning and design, because they not only influence the living and working of human beings, but also make many high-tech projects unable to work normally. Since the effects of various transportation sources are different, and soil properties play a critical role in the propagation of vibrations, the problem of environmental vibrations is very complex. In recent years, this subject has become a hot topic, especially with the development of high-speed railways and urban rail transit systems. A large number of efforts have been done by researchers in China and abroad, and many useful results and efficient measurements to control the environmental vibrations have been worked out. This book contains the research of the authors via fundamental theories, numerical simulations and field experiments. The main contents include the basic theory and analysis approaches in traffic-induced environmental vibrations, prediction and mitigation through ballast mats of rail traffic induced track-ground vibrations, railway traffic induced ground vibration and its prediction approaches, numerical modeling of vibrations induced by rail traffic in tunnels, investigation of train-induced ground vibrations using FEM and field experiments, human induced vibrations of pedestrian bridges and their prevention, prediction of environmental vibration from underground trains, numerical evaluation on train-induced ground vibration around high-speed railway viaducts, vibration isolation by ground barriers, environmental vibration induced by elevated railway traffic, and train induced vibration in elevated railway stations. The book also contains many case studies concerning practical engineering applications with real trains, tracks, bridges, tunnels and elevated railway stations. Many field experiments on ground vibrations and building vibrations near the rail transit lines and high-speed railways in China, Portugal, Japan, Taiwan and Germany, and the characteristics of environmental vibrations induced by different type of traffics are also presented. Moreover, the extensive and up-to-date bibliography gives a worldwide survey of the problem. The book is intended to be a reference for solving traffic-induced environmental vibration problem in the planning and design of traffic systems, for predicting potential environmental vibrations near new traffic lines, for evaluating the environmental vibrations in and near existing railway lines, and for providing some effective measurements to control traffic-induced environmental vibrations.