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The 21st century has been host to a number of information systems technologies in the areas of science, automotive, aviation and supply chain, among others. But perhaps one of its most disruptive is blockchain technology whose origin dates to only 2008, when an individual (or perhaps a group of individuals) using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto published a white paper entitled Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system in an attempt to address the threat of “double- spending” in digital currency.Today, many top-notch global organizations are already using or planning to use blockchain technology as a secure, robust and cutting-edge technology to better serve customers. The list includes such well-known corporate entities as JP Morgan, Royal Bank of Canada, Bank of America, IBM and Walmart.The tamper-proof attributes of blockchain, leading to immutable sets of transaction records, represent a higher quality of evidence for internal and external auditors. Blockchain technology will impact the performance of the audit engagement due to its attributes, as the technology can seamlessly complement traditional auditing techniques. Furthermore, various fraud schemes related to financial reporting, such as the recording of fictitious revenues, could be avoided or at least greatly mitigated. Frauds related to missing, duplicated and identical invoices can also be greatly curtailed.As a result, the advent of blockchain will enable auditors to reduce substantive testing as inherent and control audit risks will be reduced thereby greatly improving an audit's detection risk. As such, the continuing use and popularity of blockchain will mean that auditors and information systems security professionals will need to deepen their knowledge of this disruptive technology.If you are looking for a comprehensive study and reference source on blockchain technology, look no further than The Auditor's Guide to Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Use Cases, Security and Assurance. This title is a must read for all security and assurance professionals and students looking to become more proficient at auditing this new and disruptive technology.

Blockchain technology is a digital ledger system that allows for secure, transparent and tamper-proof transactions. It is essentially an often decentralized, distributed, peer-to-peer database that is maintained by a network of computers instead of a single entity, making it highly resistant to hacking and data breaches. By providing greater security, transparency and efficiency, blockchain technology can help to create a more equitable and sustainable world.Blockchain technology has the potential to help mankind in various ways, some of which include but are not limited to: Decentralization and Transparency: Blockchain technology allows for decentralization of data and transactions, making them more transparent and accountable. This is particularly important in fields such as finance, where trust and transparency are critical. Increased Security: Blockchain technology is inherently secure due to its distributed nature, making it very difficult for hackers to compromise the system. This makes it an ideal solution for data and information storage, particularly in areas such as health and finance, where privacy and security are of utmost importance. Faster Transactions: Blockchain technology eliminates the need for intermediaries, reducing the time and cost associated with transactions. This makes it an ideal solution for international trade, remittances and other types of financial transactions, especially in parts of the world where a great number of individuals do not have access to basic banking services. Immutable Record: One of the fundamental attributes of blockchain is its immutability. Once data is added to the blockchain, it becomes nearly impossible to alter or delete. This feature ensures a tamper-resistant and reliable record of transactions, crucial for maintaining integrity in various industries, including supply chain management and legal documentation. Smart Contracts: Blockchain technology supports the implementation of smart contracts, which are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into code. This automation streamlines processes and reduces the risk of fraud, particularly in sectors like real estate and legal agreements. Interoperability: Blockchain's ability to facilitate interoperability allows different blockchain networks to communicate and share information seamlessly. This attribute is pivotal for creating a unified and interconnected ecosystem, especially as various industries adopt blockchain independently. Interoperability enhances efficiency, reduces redundancy and fosters collaboration across diverse sectors. Leveraging Blockchain Technology: Governance, Risk, Compliance, Security, and Benevolent Use Cases discusses various governance, risk and control (GRC) and operational risk-related considerations in a comprehensive, yet non-technical, way to enable business leaders, managers and professionals to better understand and appreciate its various potential use cases. This book is also a must-read for leaders of non-profit organizations, allowing them to further democratize needs that we often take for granted in developed countries around the globe, such as access to basic telemedicine, identity management and banking services.

This book explores the critical role of wireless consensus protocols in modern wireless networks. Building upon over two decades of research, it offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental principles, historical evolution, and unique challenges associated with wireless consensus. Beyond the theoretical underpinnings, the book delves into practical solutions for ensuring fault tolerance and resilience against malicious attacks, introducing cutting-edge techniques like fault-tolerant wireless consensus and Byzantine fault-tolerant wireless consensus. Recognizing the transformative potential of blockchain technology, the book also explores its integration with wireless networks, highlighting the emergence of wireless blockchain. Through in-depth analysis, real-world case studies, and forward-thinking insights, this book empowers readers to understand, design, and implement robust wireless consensus systems. Overall, wireless consensus protocols are essential for enabling reliable decision-making and coordination in wireless networks, particularly in challenging environments with unreliable communication and no central authority. These protocols empower devices to reach agreement on a common state or course of action, ensuring network consistency and security. Additionally, efficient consensus algorithms are crucial for resource-constrained wireless settings, optimizing bandwidth and energy usage to facilitate scalability and broad adoption. With applications spanning IoT, mobile computing, and distributed robotics, wireless consensus underpins critical operations like coordination and data fusion. This book serves as a valuable resource for both academics and industry professionals. Advanced-level computer science students will find it a suitable supplementary text, while researchers and practitioners seeking a deep understanding of wireless consensus protocols will benefit from its comprehensive coverage. By blending theoretical foundations with practical applications in contemporary wireless networks, this book offers a robust guide for navigating the complexities of the field.

Smart communications are the concept in which smart appliances and devices are integrated into an application that runs in a smart hand-held device. The residents of a smart home can have complete control over their home's electronic gadgets using wireless communications. These technologies can help people control gadgets in the home/office remotely and often simultaneously, which increases convenience and reduces time spent on these tasks. However, problems can arise in the security systems associated with these smart devices; security may be compromised when there are loopholes or human mistakes. When security credentials are lost, overall security can also be lost. This is because smart technology is made up of plenty of devices that are integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology and the cloud. This environment can introduce many security issues, as discussed in this text. Blockchain is a promising technology that operates in a decentralized environment to protect devices and the data collected by devices from security and privacy issues by using wireless communication technology. Blockchain-enabled IoT can be used to achieve end-to-end security. Blockchain technology is already used in wireless sensor/communication networks to estimate and predict house data and civil structures.IoT-integrated innovative applications like smart homes present unique security and privacy challenges. Scalability is the main problem as the current centralized IoT platforms have message routing mechanisms that create a bottleneck in scaling up too many devices used in IoT. As many devices are participating in generating data, such a setup may also be subjected to Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Lack of data standards is another cause of concern as it leads to interoperability problems. Blockchain technology for IoT and wireless communications offers a promising solution for smart devices. These technologies can provide end-to-end security and overcome the aforementioned problems. The usage of open-standard distributed IoT solutions can solve many problems that are associated with centralized approaches. Blockchain technology is nothing but a distributed ledger of transactions. It offers direct communication to connected devices. Such devices collect data, and all legitimate participants can access said data. Thus, decentralized blockchain networks can provide improved security for IoT-based solutions.

Big Data and Blockchain Technology for Secure IoT Applications presents a comprehensive exploration of the intersection between two transformative technologies: big data and blockchain, and their integration into securing Internet of Things (IoT) applications. As the IoT landscape continues to expand rapidly, the need for robust security measures becomes paramount to safeguard sensitive data and ensure the integrity of connected devices. This book delves into the synergistic potential of leveraging big data analytics and blockchain's decentralized ledger system to fortify IoT ecosystems against various cyber threats, ranging from data breaches to unauthorized access. Within this groundbreaking text, readers will uncover the foundational principles underpinning big data analytics and blockchain technology, along with their respective roles in enhancing IoT security. Through insightful case studies and practical examples, this book illustrates how organizations across diverse industries can harness the power of these technologies to mitigate risks and bolster trust in IoT deployments. From real‑time monitoring and anomaly detection to immutable data storage and tamper‑proof transactions, the integration of big data and blockchain offers a robust framework for establishing secure, transparent, and scalable IoT infrastructures. Furthermore, this book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to navigate the complexities of IoT security. By bridging the gap between theory and application, this book equips readers with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate the evolving landscape of interconnected devices while safeguarding against emerging cyber threats. With contributions from leading experts in the field, it offers a forward‑thinking perspective on harnessing the transformative potential of big data and blockchain to realize the full promise of the IoT securely.

Blockchains Empowering Technologies and Industrial Applications A comprehensive guide to the most recent developments in blockchains in theoretical and industrial perspectives Originally introduced as a method to keep track of Bitcoin transactions over a peer-to-peer network, blockchain is a continuously growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked and secured using cryptography into a chain held in public databases. The use of this technology has grown since its cryptocurrency creation and now store three types of information: 1) transactions, including the date, time, and value of purchases; 2) records of participates in transactions; and 3) unique code known as a “hash” that distinguishes one block from another. A single block on the blockchain can hold 1 MB of data, or potentially thousands of transactions — this then can allow for hundreds of thousands of transactions to be recorded as each block can join the state-of-the-art blockchain. Blockchains provides a detailed overview of the latest and most innovative concepts, techniques, and applications related to the developing blockchain. Aimed at novices and experts on the subject, the book focuses on blockchain technologies, integrated systems, and use cases, specifically by looking at three major technical areas: blockchain platforms and distributed database technologies, consensus and fault tolerance, and Blockchain as a Service (BaaS). These avenues of research are essential to support blockchain functionalities, such as acquiring and updating existing data, securing data resources and the recovery of failures, and using blockchains in various services that range from cryptocurrencies to cloud automation. Blockchains readers will also find: Brainstorming activities that gradually builds the knowledge of readers on the described technology and deployment scenarios Investigation of specific topics such as novel networking protocols, wireless techniques, new infrastructure designs, operations management, and deployment strategies Discussion of technical challenges in blockchain, as well as how to manage cloud-based networks, service automation, and cyber security Numerous elementary and advanced examples on various topics at the end of the book that can be used for training purposes Illustrations including tables and diagrams to help elucidate points made throughout the volume Glossary of relevant terminology to blockchains in enterprise Blockchains is a useful reference for researchers in vehicular networking and computer science, as well as cloud storage providers and governmental offices for data management.

Artificial intelligence (AI), the internet of things (IoT), and blockchain provide services to 6G in the form of radio resource management, mobility management, energy management, and network management. Moreover, 6G strengthens AI and blockchain-based applications. Further study on the benefits and potential opportunities of 6G for AI and blockchain is required to utilize the technology successfully. Role of 6G Wireless Networks in AI and Blockchain-Based Applications considers the role of the 6G wireless network deployed on AI and blockchain technology-based applications in fields such as the healthcare industry, agriculture, e-business, and transportation. The book specifically focuses on remote healthcare monitoring, online shopping preference, V2V communication, UAV, holographic application, and augmented and virtual reality as advanced services of 6G networks. Covering topics such as machine learning, smart cities, and virtual reality, this reference work is ideal for computer scientists, policymakers, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.

This book highlights future research directions and latent solutions by integrating AI and Blockchain 6G networks, comprising computation efficiency, algorithms robustness, hardware development and energy management. This book brings together leading researchers in Academia and industry from diverse backgrounds to deliver to the technical community an outline of emerging technologies, advanced architectures, challenges, open issues and future directions of 6G networks. This book is written for researchers, professionals and students to learn about the integration of technologies such as AI and Blockchain into 6G network and communications. This book addresses the topics such as consensus protocol, architecture, intelligent dynamic resource management, security and privacy in 6G to integrate AI and Blockchain and new real-time application with further research opportunities.

Whether you are a project manager looking to lead blockchain projects, a developer who would like to create blockchain-based applications, or a student with an interest, this book will provide you with the foundational understanding that you need.You have probably noticed that blockchains are growing in popularity. Governments are investigating Digital Currencies, supply chains are adopting Digital Ledgers, games makers and artists are developing NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens), and new use-cases are emerging regularly.With such growth, many people will find themselves needing to understand how these technologies work. There will be new project teams, with technical leads managing blockchain projects and developers creating distributed applications. This book is great for them as it explains the concepts on which blockchain technologies are based, in simple terms.We will discuss and explain topics such as hashing, Merkle trees, nodes, mining, proof of work and proof of stake, consensus mechanisms encryption, vulnerabilities, and much more. The structures and principles described will be relevant for developers and managers alike, and will be demonstrated through relevant examples throughout the text.If you are looking to understand this exciting new technology, this is the book for you.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of blockchain for 6G-enabled network-based applications. Following the key services of blockchain technology, this book will be instrumental to ideate and understand the necessities, challenges, and various case studies of different 6G-based applications. The emphasis is on understanding the contributions of blockchain technology in 6G-enabled applications, and its aim is to give insights into evolution, research directions, challenges, and the ways to empower 6G applications through blockchain. The book consistently emphasizes the missing connection between blockchain and 6G-enabled network applications. The entire ecosystem between these two futuristic technologies is explained in a comprehensive manner. The book constitutes a one-stop guide to students, researchers, and industry professionals. The book progresses from a general introduction toward more technical aspects while remaining easy to understand throughout. Comprehensive elaboration of material is supplemented with examples and diagrams, followed by easily understandable approaches with regard to technical information given thereon. Blockchain and its applications in 6G-enabled applications can drive many powerful solutions to real-world technical, scientific, and social problems. This book presents the most recent and exciting advances in blockchain for 6G-enabled network applications. Overall, this book is a complete outlet and is designed exclusively for professionals, scientists, technologists, developers, designers, and researchers in network technologies around blockchain integration with IoT, blockchain technology, information technology, and 6G-enabled industrial applications. Secondary readers include professionals involved in policy making and administration, security of public data and law, network policy developers, blockchain technology experts, regulators, and decision makers in government administrations.

Explore foundational concepts in blockchain theory with an emphasis on recent advances in theory and practice In Wireless Blockchain: Principles, Technologies and Applications, accomplished researchers and editors Bin Cao, Lei Zhang, Mugen Peng, and Muhammad Ali Imran deliver a robust and accessible exploration of recent developments in the theory and practice of blockchain technology, systems, and potential application in a variety of industrial sectors, including manufacturing, entertainment, public safety, telecommunications, public transport, healthcare, financial services, automotive, and energy utilities. The book presents the concept of wireless blockchain networks with different network topologies and communication protocols for various commonly used blockchain applications. You'll discover how these variations and how communication networks affect blockchain consensus performance, including scalability, throughput, latency, and security levels. You'll learn the state-of-the-art in blockchain technology and find insights on how blockchain runs and co-works with existing systems, including 5G, and how blockchain runs as a service to support all vertical sectors efficiently and effectively. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the Byzantine Generals problem, the fundamental theory of distributed system security and the foundation of blockchain technology An overview of advances in blockchain systems, their history, and likely future trends Practical discussions of Proof-of-Work systems as well as various Proof-of-“X” alternatives, including Proof-of-Stake, Proof-of-Importance, and Proof-of-Authority A concise examination of smart contracts, including trusted transactions, smart contract functions, design processes, and related applications in 5G/B5G A treatment of the theoretical relationship between communication networks and blockchain Perfect for electrical engineers, industry professionals, and students and researchers in electrical engineering, computer science, and mathematics, Wireless Blockchain: Principles, Technologies and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of communication and computer system stakeholders, regulators, legislators, and research agencies.

This comprehensive book unveils the working relationship of blockchain and the fog/edge computing. The contents of the book have been designed in such a way that the reader will not only understand blockchain and fog/edge computing but will also understand their co-existence and their collaborative power to solve a range of versatile problems.The first part of the book covers fundamental concepts and the applications of blockchain-enabled fog and edge computing. These include: Internet of Things, Tactile Internet, Smart City; and E-challan in the Internet of Vehicles. The second part of the book covers security and privacy related issues of blockchain-enabled fog and edge computing. These include, hardware primitive based Physical Unclonable Functions; Secure Management Systems; security of Edge and Cloud in the presence of blockchain; secure storage in fog using blockchain; and using differential privacy for edge-based Smart Grid over blockchain.This book is written for students, computer scientists, researchers and developers, who wish to work in the domain of blockchain and fog/edge computing. One of the unique features of this book is highlighting the issues, challenges, and future research directions associated with Blockchain-enabled fog and edge computing paradigm. We hope the readers will consider this book a valuable addition in the domain of Blockchain and fog/edge computing.

Blockchain technology is an emerging distributed, decentralized architecture and computing paradigm, which has accelerated the development and application of cloud, fog and edge computing; artificial intelligence; cyber physical systems; social networking; crowdsourcing and crowdsensing; 5g; trust management and finance; and other many useful sectors.Nowadays, the primary blockchain technology uses are in information systems to keep information secure and private. However, many threats and vulnerabilities are facing blockchain in the past decade such 51% attacks, double spending attacks, etc. The popularity and rapid development of blockchain brings many technical and regulatory challenges for research and academic communities. The main goal of this book is to encourage both researchers and practitioners of Blockchain technology to share and exchange their experiences and recent studies between academia and industry.The reader will be provided with the most up-to-date knowledge of blockchain in mainstream areas of security and privacy in the decentralized domain, which is timely and essential (this is due to the fact that the distributed and p2p applications are increasing day-by-day, and the attackers adopt new mechanisms to threaten the security and privacy of the users in those environments). This book provides a detailed explanation of security and privacy with respect to blockchain for information systems, and will be an essential resource for students, researchers and scientists studying blockchain uses in information systems and those wanting to explore the current state of play.

Blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT) are separately regarded as highly capable popular technologies. Blockchain is a database used for decentralized transaction purposes. It provides novel directions to store and manage data, whereas the IoT relates to the propagation of linked smart machines through the Internet. A technology significant to the manufacturing business, which is currently experiencing a digital revolution through new equipment and data, leading to the Industrial Internet of Things, or the IIoT. The IIoT has advanced swiftly, but privacy issues and safety vulnerabilities remain concerns. Incorporating blockchain technology with its decentralization and embedded cryptographic principles with the IIoT creates Blockchain for Industrial Internet of Things (BIIoT) which can overcome these security requirements and motivate the further development of Industry 4.0. This book gives a detailed survey of BIIoT and discusses all relevant aspects of this concept, including structural design and open research directions.Key featuresThe first book of its kind to addresses the emergent Blockchain in the Industrial Internet of things (BIIoT)Explores basic and high-level concepts of Blockchain techniques and advanced aspects in various domains.Includes an overview of the mining, consensus algorithms, smart property key themes required for implementation in various domains.This book provides fundamental data structures and algorithms used to build a typical Blockchain.Helps programmers begin their journey with the public and private Blockchain development

This book focuses on picturing B-IoT techniques from a few perspectives, which are architecture, key technologies, security and privacy, service models and framework, practical use cases and more. Main contents of this book derive from most updated technical achievements or breakthroughs in the field. A number of representative IoT service offerings will be covered by this book, such as vehicular networks, document sharing system, and telehealth. Both theoretical and practical contents will be involved in this book in order to assist readers to have a comprehensive and deep understanding the mechanism of using blockchain for powering up IoT systems. The blockchain-enabled Internet of Things (B-IoT) is deemed to be a novel technical alternative that provides network-based services with additional functionalities, benefits, and implementations in terms of decentralization, immutability, and auditability. Towards the enhanced secure and privacy-preserving Internet of Things (IoT), this book introduces a few significant aspects of B-IoT, which includes fundamental knowledge of both blockchain and IoT, state-of-the-art reviews of B-IoT applications, crucial components in the B-IoT system and the model design, and future development potentials and trends.IoT technologies and services, e.g. cloud data storage technologies and vehicular services, play important roles in wireless technology developments. On the other side, blockchain technologies are being adopted in a variety of academic societies and professional realms due to its promising characteristics. It is observable that the research and development on integrating these two technologies will provide critical thinking and solid references for contemporary and future network-relevant solutions. This book targets researchers and advanced level students in computer science, who are focused on cryptography, cloud computing and internet of things, as well as electrical engineering students and researchers focused on vehicular networks and more. Professionals working in these fields will also find this book to be a valuable resource.