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This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of wind engineering, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the XVII Conference of the Italian Association for Wind Engineering (IN-VENTO), held in Milan, Italy on September 4–7, 2022. It covers highly diverse topics, including aeroelasticity, bluff-body aerodynamics, boundary layer wind tunnel testing, computational wind engineering, structural dynamics and reliability, wind-structure interaction, flow-induced vibrations, wind modeling and forecast, wind disaster mitigation, and wind climate assessment. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

This book pursues the ambitious goal of combining floating wind turbine design optimization and reliability assessment, which has in fact not been done before. The topic is organized into a series of very ambitious objectives, which start with an initial state-of-the-art review, followed by the development of high-fidelity frameworks for a disruptive way to design next generation floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) support structures. The development of a verified aero-hydro-servo-elastic coupled numerical model of dynamics for FOWTs and a holistic framework for automated simulation and optimization of FOWT systems, which is later used for the coupling of design optimization with reliability assessment of FOWT systems in a computationally and time-efficient manner, has been an aim of many groups internationally towards implementing a performance-based/goal-setting approach in the design of complex engineering systems. The outcomes of this work quantify the benefits of an optimaldesign with a lower mass while fulfilling design constraints. Illustrating that comprehensive design methods can be combined with reliability analysis and optimization algorithms towards an integrated reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) can benefit not only the offshore wind energy industry but also other applications such as, among others, civil infrastructure, aerospace, and automotive engineering.

This book examines the recent advances, from theoretical and applied perspectives, addressing the major issues associated with renewable energy systems, with each chapter covering fundamental issues and latest developments. This book covers important themes, including solar energy equipment, wind and solar energy systems, energy storage and bioenergy applications, hybrid renewable energy systems, as well as the measurement techniques that are used for these systems. Further, it focusses on original research outcomes on various technological developments and provides insights to taxonomy of challenges, issues, and research directions in renewable energy applications.Features: Covers research and technological developments in wind and solar energy applications Proposes resolution of limitations and performance issues of existing system models and design Incorporates the challenges of adoption of renewable energies system Provides hypotheses, mathematical analysis, and real-time practical applications to practical problems Includes case studies of implementation of solar and wind systems in remote areas This book is aimed at researchers, professionals, and graduate students in electrical and mechanical engineering and renewable energy.

This textbook provides in-depth treatment of all systems associated with wind energy, including the aerodynamic and structural aspects of blade design, the flow of energy and loads through the wind turbine, the electrical components and power electronics including control systems. It explains the importance of wind resource assessment techniques, site evaluation and ecology and describes the integration of wind farms into the electrical grid. The reader will also become familiar with the offshore technology, the youngest and most promising aspect of wind energy. The completely revised and updated new edition provides new sections on fatigue design, analytical models for structural analysis and topology optimization. The book is written by experts in research, teaching and industry. It conveys the importance of wind energy in the international energy policy debate and offers clear insight into the subject for all students learning about wind engineering. Problemswith solutions are perfect for self-study. It is also an authoritative resource for engineers designing and developing wind energy systems, energy policy-makers and economists in the renewable energy sector.The translation of some chapters was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

This book deals with horizontal-axis wind turbine aerodynamic performance prediction methods. It focuses on the traditional and newly-developed methods for the wind turbine aerodynamic performance calculation. The fundamental theories of fluid mechanics essential for understanding the other parts of this book are firstly introduced in Part I, followed by the blade element momentum theory in Part II, with special attentions to a systematic review of various correction models. Part III is mainly about the prescribed and free vortex wake methods, while the state-of-art computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are detailed in Part IV.Part III thoroughly describes the prescribed and free vortex wake methods which are still of great importance towards realistic investigation of wind turbine performance. Despite the highly computational cost, the CFD methods in Part IV have received increasing interest from the academic community since they provide more detailed information about the flow field around the wind turbine. This has shed a light in combination with the correction models introduced in Part II on more advanced research for wind turbine.This book is intended for researchers and students interested in aerodynamics of wind turbine and is particularly suitable for practicing engineers in wind energy. Readers can gain a comprehensive understanding in both classical and up-to-date methods for the study of wind turbine aerodynamics. The authors hope that this book can promote the research and development of wind turbines.

The book presents the select proceedings of 9th National Conference on Wind Engineering. It covers the latest technology and research in the areas of wind engineering and wind energy technologies. Various topics covered in this book are wind-resistant design of structures, climate modeling, applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in fluid mechanics, novel ways to increase the efficiency of wind energy harnessing, characterization of airfoils, modern wind turbine designs and computational wind engineering studies. This book is useful for researchers and professionals in the areas of structural design, wind energy, wind engineering, renewable energy and fluid mechanics.

How can non-windy places make use of wind power for electricity generation? Advanced Wind Turbines provides detailed information that is of great practical importance to wind turbine practitioners from small and congested city-states, where the lack of vast land and high wind speed render the conventional wind turbine less effective. It introduces the non-conventional Darrieus and Savonius wind turbines, as well as their hybrid version, covering basic concepts, computational modelling and recent advances in experimental optimization.What about those who prefer wind turbines in faraway oceans to take advantage of high wind speed, or who come from countries with a lack of shallow seabed? Floating offshore wind turbines are also discussed, and the dynamics of floating vis-à-vis grounded wind turbines are thoroughly expounded upon to aid practitioners in achieving more accurate performance modelling. This is a work of paramount usefulness for areas which have long wanted to jump on the renewable energy bandwagon, but have thus far been hampered by their natural geographical limitations.

This compact text is a powerful introduction to the Excel/VBA computing environment. The book presents some of the most useful features of Excel. First by introducing mathematical puzzles that will grab the reader's attention with the reader invited to think hard on solving those puzzles. Then, solutions are presented in a logical manner. The book goes on to describe modern and up-to-date engineering problems and their solutions. Based on many years of the authors'teaching, the book provides a practical, useful and enjoyable learning methods for readers to become expert in Excel and its application to engineering.

This textbook explains turbulent flows using an introductory but fundamental approach to teaching the core principles, striking a balance between theoretical and practical aspects of the topic without overwhelming the reader with mathematical detail. It is aimed at students in various engineering disciplines—mechanical, civil, environmental—and the geosciences. It is divided in five parts. Part 1 provides the fundamentals of turbulence, main hypotheses, and analysis tools; Part 2 illustrates various measurement techniques used to study turbulent flows; Part 3 explains the modelling and simulation frameworks to study turbulent flows; Part 4 describes brief applications of turbulence in engineering and sciences; and Part 5 presents basic statistical, mathematical, and numerical tools. Elucidates the theory behind turbulence in a concise yet rigorous manner Combines theoretical, computational, experimental, and applied aspects of the topic Reinforces concepts with practice problems at the end of each chapter Provides brief chapters on statistics, mathematics, and numerical techniques

This far-reaching resource covers a full spectrum of multi-faceted considerations critical for energy generation decision makers considering the adoption or expansion of wind power facilities. It contextualizes pivotal technical information within the real complexities of economic, environmental, practical and socio-economic parameters. This matrix of coverage includes case studies and analysis from developed and developing regions, including North America and Europe, Asia, Latin America, the Middle-East and Africa. Crucial issues to power generation professionals and utilities such as: capacity credits; fuel saving; intermittency; penetration limits; relative cost of electricity by generation source; growth and cost trends; incentives; and wind integration issues are addressed. Other economic issues succinctly discussed inform financial commitment to a project, including investment matrices, strategies for economic evaluations, econometrics of wind energy, cost comparisons of various investment strategies, and cost comparisons with other energy sources. Due to its encompassing scope, this reference will be of distinct interest to practicing engineers, policy and decision makers, project planners, investors and students working in the area of wind energy for power generation.

Die Anforderung des § 18a Abs. 1 S. 1 LuftVG stellt eine der größten Hürden für den Ausbau der Windenergie an Land dar. Die Norm untersagt die Errichtung von Bauwerken, wenn dadurch Flugsicherungseinrichtungen gestört werden können. Am häufigsten sind Windenergieanlagen im Umfeld sogenannter Drehfunkfeuer betroffen. Seit Jahren diskutieren Wissenschaft und Praxis darüber, wie die Norm zu interpretieren ist und wie sich mögliche Störungen prognostizieren und bewerten lassen. Teilweise wird die Meinung vertreten, die Wissenschaft sei sich in vielen Punkten nicht einig und die Bewertungsmethodik der Deutschen Flugsicherung GmbH (DFS) sei vertretbar. Das Bundesverwaltungsgericht hat die Methodik der DFS unter der Bedingung bestätigt, dass die ihr zugrunde liegenden Annahmen durch wissenschaftliche Gegenpositionen nicht substanziell in Frage gestellt werden. Neven Josipovic klärt, in welchen Punkten sich ein wissenschaftlicher Konsens erkennen lässt und ob die Argumentation der DFS vor dem Hintergrund noch vertretbar ist.

This book provides in-depth coverage of the latest research and development activities concerning innovative wind energy technologies intended to replace fossil fuels on an economical basis. A characteristic feature of the various conversion concepts discussed is the use of tethered flying devices to substantially reduce the material consumption per installed unit and to access wind energy at higher altitudes, where the wind is more consistent.The introductory chapter describes the emergence and economic dimension of airborne wind energy. Focusing on “Fundamentals, Modeling & Simulation”, Part I includes six contributions that describe quasi-steady as well as dynamic models and simulations of airborne wind energy systems or individual components. Shifting the spotlight to “Control, Optimization & Flight State Measurement”, Part II combines one chapter on measurement techniques with five chapters on control of kite and ground stations, and two chapters on optimization. Part III on “Concept Design & Analysis” includes three chapters that present and analyze novel harvesting concepts as well as two chapters on system component design. Part IV, which centers on “Implemented Concepts”, presents five chapters on established system concepts and one chapter about a subsystem for automatic launching and landing of kites. In closing, Part V focuses with four chapters on “Technology Deployment” related to market and financing strategies, as well as on regulation and the environment.The book builds on the success of the first volume “Airborne Wind Energy” (Springer, 2013), and offers a self-contained reference guide for researchers, scientists, professionals and students. The respective chapters were contributed by a broad variety of authors: academics, practicing engineers and inventors, all of whom are experts in their respective fields.

This book provides the fundamental concepts required for the development of an efficient small-scale wind turbine. For centuries, engineers and scientists have used wind turbines of all shapes and sizes to harvest wind energy. Large-scale wind turbines have been successful at producing great amounts of power when deployed in sites with vast, open space, such as in fi elds or in offshore waters. For environments with limited space, such as dense urban environments, small-scale wind turbines are an attractive alternative for taking advantage of the ubiquity of wind. However, many of today's tools for aerodynamic design and analysis were originally developed for large-scale turbines and do not scale down to these smaller devices. Arranged in a systematic and comprehensive manner, complete with supporting examples, Wind Energy Harvesting: Micro- To Small-Scale Turbines is a useful reference for undergraduate and graduate level classes on energy harvesting, sustainable energy, and fl uid dynamics, and an introduction to the field for non-technical readers.

Renewable energy, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat, is the type of energy that can naturally replenish on a human timescale. Renewable energy can replace conventional fossil fuels in several distinct areas and can eliminate the need for fossil fuels. This book presents current research on the developments, potential and challenges of wind energy. The first chapter provides research on potential wind sites, the impacts of wind installation, and thermo economic modeling. The following chapter makes a comparative study of the dynamic behavior of an aero-generator with a double fed induction generator (DFIG) connected to the grid through two controller techniques: SMC and PI Controller. Chapter three discusses the policy and promotion strategy of wind energy developments between Taiwan and Japan. Chapter four looks at the current status of wind power in South Africa, prospects for growth in integrating wind energy in the South African grid and discusses possible challenges that may arise due to high penetration of wind power and outline some possible solutions. The last chapter provides an inventory of challenges for the deployment of wind energy in a 2030 timeframe in the EU.

This book reconsiders the basic approaches behind the BEM method and in particular assesses and validates the equations forming the general momentum theory. One part of the book concerns the validation, using numerical fluid mechanics (CFD), of the different terms in the equations forming the momentum theory. Other parts present new ideas for extending the theory and for enhancing the accuracy of the BEM approach. Besides a general introduction and explanation of the momentum theory, the book also deals with specialized topics, such as diffusor-augmented rotors, wind tunnel corrections, tip corrections, and combined momentum/vortex theory for design of wind turbine rotors. The book contains new as well as already published material, and the author has strived to put the material into a new and more consistent context than what usually is found in similar text books.The book is primarily intended for researchers and experienced students with a basic knowledge in fluid mechanics wishing to understand and expand their knowledge on wind turbine aerodynamics. The book is self-consistent, hence all necessary derivations are shown, and it should not be necessary to seek help in other literature to understand the contents of the book.

Dieser Sammelband beschäftigt sich mit dem Netzausbau in Deutschland. Er enthält sämtliche Vorträge der wissenschaftlichen Fachtagung «Erneuerbare Energien und Netzausbau in der räumlichen Planung – Fach- und Rechtsfragen der Stadt- und Regionalplanung», die im September 2014 an der Technischen Universität Berlin stattgefunden hat. Die fachwissenschaftlichen Beiträge und Berichte aus der Planungspraxis nehmen Stellung zum Netzausbau sowie zu den damit im Zusammenhang stehenden erneuerbaren Energien, insbesondere der Windenergie. Die Vorträge dienen der Planungspraxis als Handreichung für die Bewältigung der Anforderungen, die sich einerseits aus dem zur Gewährleistung der Energiewende notwendigen Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien und andererseits aus dem dazu erforderlichen Netzaus- und Netzumbau ergeben.

Large-scale electricity production using wind generators began attracting attention in the United States in the 1970s due to the energy crises initiated by oil embargoes. The first wind plants began to be installed in 1980, stimulated by aggressive policy provisions. Although some of these first installations were under-designed and did not survive the early years of operations, some of the best technology continues to operate, some 30 years later, producing electricity as part of profitable commercial businesses. As wind power facilities age, project owners are faced with plant end-of-life decisions. This book is intended to inform policymakers and the business community regarding the history, opportunities, and challenges associated with plant end of life actions, in particular, repowering. Specifically, the report details the history of repowering, examines the plant age at which repowering becomes financially attractive, and estimates the incremental market investment and supply chain demand that might result from future U.S. repowering activities.

In today's world, clean and robust energy sources are being sought to provide power to residences, commercial operations, and manufacturing enterprises. Among the most appealing energy sources is wind power—with its high reliability and low environmental impact. Wind power's rapid penetration into markets throughout the world has taken many forms, and this book discusses the types of wind power, as well as the appropriate decisions that need to be made regarding wind power design, testing, installation, and analysis. Inside, the authors detail the design of various small-wind systems including horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) and vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs). The design of wind turbines takes advantage of many avenues of investigation, all of which are included in the book. Analytical methods that have been developed over the past few decades are major methods used for design. Alternatively, experimentation (typically using scaled models in wind tunnels) and numerical simulation (using modern computational fluid dynamic software) are also used and will be dealt with in depth. In addition to the analysis of wind turbine performance, it is important for users to assess the economic benefits of using wind power. An entire chapter of this book is devoted to this topic, as well as case studies that help elucidate the issues that you'll need to consider, from siting and mechanical complications, to performance and maintenance.

In this work, a developed model of brushless synchronous generator of wound rotor type is designed, analyzed by FEM, practically applied and investigated. A comparison of results with conventional machines is also performed. The presented machine can be applied for multi-pole wind/ hydro generators or double-poles diesel-engine generators. It is self-excited by residual magnetism and a connected capacitor. It is also self-regulated by making use of fluctuations at load or limited speed changes. The generated voltage may last at extended speed range by arranging a generating system with variable capacitance. By eliminating the permanent magnets or advanced manufacturing technology of rotor poles; and without using extra rotating/ external DC exciters, an efficient excitation field and an output of flat self-compensated compound characteristic are obtained. More, the feature of damper windings is determined. Concerning the fact of environmental diminishing of elements in materials of permanent magnets and D.C. Battery, the presented novel machine is hence a good alternative and more economic from generators, exist in the market. Beside, it is safer and highly recommended for power stability when connected to the grid.

Dem Ausbau der Windenergie kommt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der deutschen Energiewende zu. Aufgabe der Raumordnung und der Bauleitplanung ist es dabei, eine Steuerung der Windenergieanlagen im Sinne einer nachhaltigen Raumentwicklung vorzunehmen. Hierbei ergeben sich vielfältige Fragestellungen für die Planungspraxis, welche z. B. die unterschiedlichen Steuerungsbefugnisse auf den Planungsebenen, die zur Anwendung kommenden Steuerungsmodelle, die Abschichtung zwischen den Planungs- und Genehmigungsverfahren, das Repowering, die Auswirkungen von Zielen der Raumordnung auf bestehende und in Aufstellung befindliche Bauleitpläne sowie nicht zuletzt den Bereich des Immissions- und Naturschutzes betreffen. Diese Fragen bildeten den Rahmen für eine wissenschaftliche Fachtagung an der Technischen Universität Berlin am 17. und 18. September 2012. Der Tagungsband dokumentiert die vorgestellten und diskutierten Möglichkeiten und Anforderungen der räumlichen Planung von Windenergieanlagen. Er bietet damit eine wichtige Praxishilfe.

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Software Engineering Chapter 2 - History of Software Engineering Chapter 3 - Software Engineer Chapter 4 - Software Requirements and Software Design Chapter 5 - Computer–Aided Software Engineering Chapter 6 - Software Development and Software Testing Chapter 7 - Software Maintenance and Software Configuration Management Chapter 8 - Rapid Application Development Chapter 9 - Internationalization and Localization Chapter 10 - Programming Tool Chapter 11 - Software Documentation Chapter 12 - Requirements Analysis Chapter 13 - Software Project Management Chapter 14 - Software Development Process Chapter 15 - Aspect–Oriented Software Development Chapter 16 - Fork (Software Development) Chapter 17 - Software Quality

'A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO WIND ENERGY ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENTThis authoritative resource offers comprehensive details on effectively using wind energy as a viable and economical energy source. Featuring a multidisciplinary approach, Wind Energy Engineering covers physics, meteorology, aerodynamics. wind measurement, wind turbine specifications, electricity, and integration with the grid. Planning, site selection, cost assessment, environmental impact, and project management are also discussed. Filled with diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and statistics, this is a definitive reference to current and future developments in wind energy.Wind Energy Engineering covers:The business of wind energy worldwideWind energy basicsMeteorological properties of wind and airAerodynamics of wind turbine bladesWind measurement, data management, and reportingWind resource assessmentAdvanced topics in resource assessment, including wake, losses, and uncertaintyWind turbine generator componentsElectricity and generator basicsDeploying wind turbines in the gridEnvironmental impact of wind projectsFinancial modeling, planning, and execution of wind projects'

A must-have for the wind-power professional! WIND TURBINE TECHNOLOGY is recognized worldwide as the authoritative guide to state-of-the-art wind turbine engineering. If you are an energy planner, engineer, designer, utility project manager, wind power station developer, manufacturer of wind turbine equipment, teacher, or student, WIND TURBINE TECHNOLOGY has all the latest information for you. This text and reference book is ideal for educational settings. Packed with application-oriented advice, detailed graphics, photographs, and numerical examples – this revised and expanded 820-page new edition describes past and present wind turbines and provides the reader with detailed mathematical models developed by leaders in the fields of aerodynamics, structural dynamics and fatigue, meteorology, acoustic and electromagnetic emissions, commercial wind power applications, and utility power systems. Economics, costs, the integration of wind power plants into utility systems, and color photographs of current commercial wind turbines are included.

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Authors have tried to strike a balance between a short book chapter and a very detailed book for subject experts. There were three prime reasons behind doing so: first, the field is quite interdisciplinary and requires simplified presentation for a person from non-parent discipline. Second reason for this short-version of a full book is that both the authors have seen students and technically oriented people, searching for this type of book on wind energy. Third reason and motivation was considering engineers who are starting their career in wind industry. This book is targeted to present a good starting background to such professionals.

Die Nutzung konventioneller Energieträger lässt sich nicht mit dem Anspruch nachhaltiger Entwicklung von Energiegewinnung vereinbaren. Gleiches gilt für die Nutzung nuklearer Brennstoffe. Begrenztheit bzw. eingeschränkte Verfügbarkeit der Ressourcen verstärken den Druck auf unsere Gesellschaft nach Alternativen zu suchen. Erneuerbare Energien gelten als eine Antwort auf die Frage nach einer verträglicheren Form der Energiegewinnung. Eine dieser Alternativen ist die Windenergie. Hier gilt es zwischen der Windenergiegewinnung an Land (Onshore-Standorte) und den auf See befindlichen Anlagen zu unterscheiden. Vor allem aus wirtschaftlichen Erwägungen heraus entwickelt sich die Energiegewinnung aus Windkraft dahingehend, dass die Offshore-Standorte ausgebaut werden sollen. Diese tatsächliche Entwicklung ist der rechtlichen jedoch zeitlich vorgelagert. Die nationalen Gesetzgeber sind gefordert, die noch fehlenden rechtlichen Grundlagen zu schaffen. Ziel dieses Buches ist es, das Problembewusstsein auf die komplexe Entwicklung der Energiegewinnung durch WEA im Offshore-Bereich unter den derzeit sich abzeichnenden Schwierigkeiten und den hier vielfältigen, konkurrierenden Nutzungen zu lenken und herauszustellen, wo die Aufgaben bei der Inwertsetzung des Meeresraums liegen.

Wind Power Plants: Theory and Design covers the fundamentals and historical developments in the technology of wind power plants around the world. This book is composed of nine chapters that consider the main theories for accurately fixing measurements and characteristics of a wind rotor for producing electricity or pumping water, either horizontal or vertical-axis. After a short introduction to wind energy, this book goes on dealing with fluid mechanics necessary to the understanding of wind energy problems. The succeeding chapters describe the horizontal-axis installations and the various systems of orientation and regulation effectively used. These topics are followed by discussions on blade calculations of horizontal-axis systems, the vertical-axis wind installations, pumping water, and the production of electricity by wind energy. The remaining chapters describe small and high power wind plants constructed throughout the world. These chapters also consider the problem of adapting the wind rotor to electrical generators or to pumps. This book is intended for researchers, engineers, and technicians who wish to extend their knowledge in the wind energy field.