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Twenty-one years have passed since the first symposium in this series was held in Paris (1976). Since then there have been meetings in Lausanne (1980), Cambridge (1984), Aachen (1987), Beijing (1989), Notre Dame (1991) and Fukuoka (1994). During this period a tremendous development in the field of unsteady aerodynamics and aeroelasticity in turbomachines has taken place. As steady-state flow conditions become better known, and as blades in the turbomachine are constantly pushed towards lower weight, and higher load and efficiency, the importance of unsteady phenomena appear more clearly. th The 8 Symposium was, as the previous ones, of high quality. Furthermore, it presented the audience with the latest developments in experimental, numerical and theoretical research. More papers than ever before were submitted to the conference. As the organising committee wanted to preserve the uniqueness of the symposium by having single sessions, and thus mingle speakers and audience with different backgrounds in this interdisciplinary field, only a limited number of papers could be accepted. 54 papers were accepted and presented at the meeting, all of which are included in the present proceedings.

Propulsion technology is a complex, multidisciplinary topic with design, construction, operational and research implications. Bringing together a wealth of disparate information from the field, Marine Propellers and Propulsion provides comprehensive and cutting edge coverage to equip marine engineers, naval architects and anyone involved in propulsion and hydrodynamics with the knowledge needed to do the job. Drawing on experience from a long and varied career in consultancy, research, design and technical investigation, author John Carlton breaks the subject into three main sections - hydrodynamic theory, materials and mechanical considerations, and design, operation and performance. Connecting essential theory to practical problems in design, analysis and operational efficiency, Marine Propellers and Propulsion is an invaluable resource, packed with hard-won insights, detailed specifications and data. - The most complete book available on marine propellers, fully updated and revised, with new chapters on propulsion in ice and high speed propellers - Gathers together otherwise disparate material on the theory and practice of propulsion technology from the past 40 years'development, including the latest developments in improving efficiency - Written by a leading expert on propeller technology, essential for students, marine engineers and naval architects involved in propulsion and hydrodynamics

Turbulence is a dangerous topic which is often at the origin of serious fights in the scientific meetings devoted to it since it represents extremely different points of view, all of which have in common their complexity, as well as an inability to solve the problem. It is even difficult to agree on what exactly is the problem to be solved. Extremely schematically, two opposing points of view have been advocated during these last ten years: the first one is'statistical', and tries to model the evolution of averaged quantities of the flow. This com­ has followed the glorious trail of Taylor and Kolmogorov, munity, which believes in the phenomenology of cascades, and strongly disputes the possibility of any coherence or order associated to turbulence. On the other bank of the river stands the'coherence among chaos'community, which considers turbulence from a purely deterministic po­ int of view, by studying either the behaviour of dynamical systems, or the stability of flows in various situations. To this community are also associated the experimentalists who seek to identify coherent structures in shear flows.

The European Turbulence Conferences have been organized under the auspices of the European Mechanics Committee (Euromech) to provide a forum for discussion and exchange of recent and new results in the field of turbulence. The first conference was organized in Lyon in 1986 with 152 participants. The second and third conferences were held in Berlin (1988) and Stockholm (1990) with 165 and 172 participants respectively. The fourth was organized in Delft from 30 June to 3 July 1992 by the J.M. Burgers Centre. There were 214 participants from 22 countries. This steadily growing number of participants demonstrates both the success and need for this type of conference. The main topics of the Fourth European Turbulence Conference were: Dynamical Systems and Transition; Statistical Physics and Turbulence; Experiments and Novel Experimental Techniques; Particles and Bubbles in Turbulence; Simulation Methods; Coherent Structures; Turbulence Modelling and Compressibility Effects. In addition a special session was held on the subject of CeBular Automata. Each of the sessions was introduced with a survey lecture. The lecturers were: W. Eckhaus, AJ. Libchaber, L. Katgerman, F. Durst, M. Lesieur, B. Legras, D.G. Dritschel and P. Bradshaw. The contributions of the participants were subdivided into oral and poster presentations. In addition to the normal program, some Speciai Interest Groups of Ercoftac (European Research Community on Flow, Turbulence and Combustion) presented their research activities in the form of a poster.

Fatigue failures occur in aerospace,marine,nuclear structures and automobile com­ ponents from initiation and propagation of cracks from holes,scratches or defects in the material. To design against these failures, crack propagation life and fracture strength need to be accurately predicted. It is reported in the literature, that these failures often initiate as surface cracks, corner cracks and cracks emanating from fastner holes. Such cracks are with elliptic or nearly elliptic in shapes. The deviation from elliptic shape is due to varying constraint effect along the crack front. Even in situations, when the cracks are through the thickness of the material, there would be thicknesswise variation of constraint effects leading to three dimensional nature of crack growth. Accurate predictions of the crack growth in these cases by numerical methods can be made only by solving three-dimensional boundary value problems. Empirical relationships have been developed [1] based on Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics over years describing fatigue crack growth response. Some of these empirical relationships required modifications in the later stages, to meet the design applications. The Crack closure phenomenon discovered by Elber[2, 3] during the crack growth phase is mainly attributed to the local material yielding near the crack tip and the consequent residual plastic wake behind the crack tip. It helped considerably in understanding several aspects of fatigue crack growth and rewrite these relations.

We are pleased to present the Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics held at the University of Sydney, Australia, from July 15 to 19, 2002. The conference was a productive meeting of scientists, mathematicians and engineers involved in the computation of fluid flow. Keynote lectures were presented in the areas of optimisation, algorithms, turbulence and bio-fluid mechanics. Two hundred and fifty abstracts from many countries were received for con­ sideration. The executive committee, consisting of A. Lerat, M. Napolitano, J.J. Chattot, N. Satofuka and myself, were responsible for the selection of papers. Each of the members had a separate subcommittee to carry out the evaluation. One hundred and seventy papers were selected of which one hundred and fifty two were presented at the conference. All papers that appear in the proceedings have been peer reviewed by a panel of experts (with a minimum of two for every paper) before publication. The conference was attended by 160 delegates with a minimum of late with­ drawals. The informal and friendly atmosphere provided by the university sur­ roundings was highly appreciated, and the technical aspects of the conference were stimulating. It is appropriate here to thank Alain Lerat, the retiring secretary of the international scientific committee of the conference. We also wish to welcome J. J. Chattot who is the incoming secretary.

The present volume entitled'Recent Contributions to Fluid Mechanics'is dedicated to Professor Dr.-Ing. Alfred Walz in honour of his 75th birthday. Alfred Walz, born on 11 May 1907, began his outstanding career as an electrical engineer. A few years after obtaining his university­ degree he became extremely engaged in fluid dynamics. Walking in the footsteps of Prandtl he was able to direct the development of theoretical activities in an inimitable way. He had the great opportunity to work both as an engaged fluid dynamicist -always trying to get to the bottom of things -and as a popular and patient teacher. To all of these things - in his own words - he gave his heart. Consequently, it is a great pleasure to publish the following 34 contributions summarizing the efforts of 56 authors. These artic­ les in total cover the wide range of experimental as well as theore­ tical fluid dynamics and reflect the present state of the art. Moreover, all colleagues and friends of Alfred Walz wish that he may be able to continue his work and his influence on the work of all of us via his enlightening ideas. Friedrichshafen, August 1982 Werner Haase Chairman of the Scientific Committee Table of Contents SURVEY PAPER Shear Layer Studies - Past, Present, Future P. Bradshaw...........................................

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2012 International Conference on Civil, Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering (ICCAHE 2012), August 10-12, 2012, Zhangjiajie, China

Aeroelasticity is the study of flexible structures situated in a flowing fluid. Its modern origins are in the field of aerospace engineering, but it has now expanded to include phenomena arising in other fields such as bioengineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering and nuclear engineering. The present volume is a teaching text for a first, and possibly second, course in aeroelasticity. It will also be useful as a reference source on the fundamentals of the subject for practitioners. In this third edition, several chapters have been revised and three new chapters added. The latter include a brief introduction to `Experimental Aeroelasticity', an overview of a frontier of research `Nonlinear Aeroelasticity', and the first connected, authoritative account of `Aeroelastic Control'in book form. The authors are drawn from a range of fields including aerospace engineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, rotorcraft and turbomachinery. Each author is a leading expert in the subject of his chapter and has many years of experience in consulting, research and teaching.

These Proceedings contain the papers and oral discussions presented at the Symposium on AERODYNAMIC DRAG MECHANISMS of Bluff Bodies and Road Vehides held at the General Motors Research Laboratories in Warren, Michigan, on September 27 and 28, 1976. This international, invitational Symposium was the twentieth in an annual series, each one having been in a different technical discipline. The Symposia provide a forum for areas of science and technology that are of timely interest to the Research Laboratories as weIl as the technical community at large, and in which personnel of the Laboratories are actively involved. The Symposia furnish an opportunity for the exchange of ideas and current knowledge between participating research specialists from educational, industrial arid governmental institutions and serve to stimulate future research activity. The present world-wide energy situation makes it highly desirable to reduce the force required to move road vehicles through the atmosphere. A significant amount of the total energy consumed for transportation is expended in overcoming the aerodynamic resistance to motion of these vehicles. Reductions in this aerodynamic drag can therefore have a large impact on ground transportation energy requirements. Although aerodynamic development work on road vehides has been performed for many years, it has not been widely reported or accompanied by much basic research.

The Collection embraces Structural Dynamics and Renewable Energy into more than 50 categories, including Shock and Vibration, Damping in Solids, Nonlinear Modeling, Structural Health Modeling, Structural Dynamics, and Rotating Machinery. This the first volume of the five-volume set brings together 34 chapters on Structural Dynamics and Renewable Energy.

The boundary element method (BEM), also known as the boundary integral equation method (BIEM), is a modern numerical technique which has enjoyed increasing popularity over the past two decades. It is now an established alternative to traditional computational methods of engineering analysis. The main advantage of the BEM is its unique ability to provide a complete solution in terms of boundary values only, with substantial savings in modeling effort.This book is designed to provide readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the method and its application to problems in engineering and science. Each chapter provides a brief description of historical development, followed by basic theory, derivation and examples.

The physical principles of swimming and flying in animals are intriguingly different from those of ships and airplanes. The study of animal locomotion therefore holds a special place not only at the frontiers of pure fluid dynamics research, but also in the applied field of biomimetics, which aims to emulate salient aspects of the performance and function of living organisms. For example, fluid dynamic loads are so significant for swimming fish that they are expected to have developed efficient flow control procedures through the evolutionary process of adaptation by natural selection, which might in turn be applied to the design of robotic swimmers. And yet, sharply contrasting views as to the energetic efficiency of oscillatory propulsion – especially for marine animals – demand a careful assessment of the forces and energy expended at realistic Reynolds numbers. For this and many other research questions, an experimental approach is often the most appropriate methodology. This holds as much for flying animals as it does for swimming ones, and similar experimental challenges apply – studying tethered as opposed to free locomotion, or studying the flow around robotic models as opposed to real animals. This book provides a wide-ranging snapshot of the state-of-the-art in experimental research on the physics of swimming and flying animals. The resulting picture reflects not only upon the questions that are of interest in current pure and applied research, but also upon the experimental techniques that are available to answer them.

Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials generally at very low temperatures, characterized by exactly zero electrical resistance and the exclusion of the interior magnetic field. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon. It cannot be understood simply as the idealization of'perfect conductivity'in classical physics. Furthermore, superconductivity occurs in a wide variety of materials, including simple elements like tin and aluminum, various metallic alloys and some heavily-doped semiconductors. It does not occur in noble metals like gold and silver, nor in pure samples of ferromagnetic metals. This new book gathers the latest research from around the globe in this dynamic field and highlights topics such as superconducting miniundulators, superconducting transitions in wire networks, the orbital physics of superconductors, the superconducting circuits of Josephson junctions, and the types of stresses that affect superconducting properties and behavior.

In this textbook, the author introduces the concept of unsteady aerodynamics and its underlying principles. He provides the readers with a full review of fundamental physics of the free and the forced unsteadines, the terminology and basic equations of aerodynamics ranging from incompressible flow to hypersonics. The book also covers the modern topics concerning the developments made during the last years, especially in relation to wing flappings for propulsion. The book is written for graduate and senior year undergraduate students in Aerodynamics, and it serves as a reference for experienced researchers. Each chapter includes ample examples, questions, problems and relevant references.

Since 2004 and with the 2nd edition in 2006, the Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology has established itself as the definitive reference in the nanoscience and nanotechnology area. It integrates the knowledge from nanofabrication, nanodevices, nanomechanics, Nanotribology, materials science, and reliability engineering in just one volume. Beside the presentation of nanostructures, micro/nanofabrication, and micro/nanodevices, special emphasis is on scanning probe microscopy, nanotribology and nanomechanics, molecularly thick films, industrial applications and microdevice reliability, and on social aspects. In its 3rd edition, the book grew from 8 to 9 parts now including a part with chapters on biomimetics. More information is added to such fields as bionanotechnology, nanorobotics, and (bio)MEMS/NEMS, bio/nanotribology and bio/nanomechanics. The book is organized by an experienced editor with a universal knowledge and written by an international team of over 150 distinguished experts. It addresses mechanical and electrical engineers, materials scientists, physicists and chemists who work either in the nano area or in a field that is or will be influenced by this new key technology.

Recent investigations have highlighted the similarities between turbulence in cryogenic fluids at temperatures close to absolute zero, in particular superfluid helium, and turbulence in ordinary fluids. This book contains lectures on various theoretical and experimental aspects of the problem given by experts at the advanced school “Vortices and Turbulence at Low Temperatures” held at CISM, Udine, in the summer of 2007. The lectures provide an introduction into this rapidly expanding area of research. The book is suitable to PhD students and young researchers starting their career as well as established researchers in either low temperature physics or fluid mechanics who are interested in this problem.

This volume contains 37 invited contributions, collected to celebrate one hundred volumes of the NNFM Series. After a general introduction overviews are given in five parts of the developments in numerical fluid mechanics and related fields. In the first part information about the series is given, its origins are discussed, as well as its environment and the German and European high-performance computer scene. In Part II the co-editors of the series give short surveys over developments in their countries. Current applications, mainly in the aerospace sector, but also in the automotive sector, are discussed in Part III. Applications to flow problems in engineering and physics, ranging from hydraulic machinery to astrophysics, are the topics of Part IV. Algorithms, computer science, commercial CFD, public partnerships in high-performance computing, and hardware development up to petaflops computers are treated in Part V. All volumes, which were published in the series finally are listed in Part VI.

This volume serves as a timely, practical introduction to the principles of nanotribology and nanomechanics and applications to magnetic storage systems, MEMS/NEMS and BioMEMS/bioNEMS. Assuming some familiarity with macrotribology/mechanics, the book comprises chapters by internationally recognized experts, who integrate knowledge of the field from the mechanics and materials-science perspectives. They cover key measurement techniques, their applications, and theoretical modelling of interfaces, each beginning their contributions with macro- and progressing to microconcepts. After reviewing the fundamental experimental and theoretical aspects in the first part, Nanotribology and Nanomechanics then treats applications. Three groups of readers are likely to find this text valuable: graduate students, research workers, and practicing engineers. It can serve as the basis for a comprehensive, one- or two-semester course in scanning probe microscopy; applied scanning probe techniques; or nanotribology/nanomechanics/nanotechnology, in departments such as mechanical engineering, materials science, and applied physics. This second, revised edition is substantially enlarged by three new chapters: One new chapter introduces to the theory, physics and characterization of the Lotus-Effect. Other new chapters discuss the attaching properties of hairs as realized at gecko feet and present a comprehensive review of structural, mechanical, and tribological properties of various hair and skin as a function of ethnicity, damage, conditioning treatment, and various environments. With a Foreword by Physics Nobel Laureate Gerd Binnig Dr. Bharat Bhushan is an Ohio Eminent Scholar and The Howard D. Winbigler Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate Research Faculty Advisor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Director of the Nanotribology Laboratory for Information Storage &MEMS/NEMS (NLIM) at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. He is an internationally recognized expert of tribology and mechanics on the macro- to nanoscales, and is one of the most prolific authors. He is considered by some a pioneer of the tribology and mechanics of magnetic storage devices and a leading researcher in the fields of nanotribology and nanomechanics using scanning probe microscopy and applications to micro/nanotechnology. He is the recipient of various international fellowships including the Alexander von Humboldt Research Prize for Senior Scientists, Max Planck Foundation Research Award for Outstanding Foreign Scientists, and the Fulbright Senior Scholar Award.

Turbulence is a dangerous topic which is often at the origin of serious?ghts in the scienti?c meetings devoted to it since it represents extremely di?erent points of view, all of which have in common their complexity, as well as an inability to solve the problem. It is even di?cult to agree on what exactly is the problem to be solved. Extremely schematically, two opposing points of view had been adv- ated during these last thirty years: the?rst one was “statistical”, and tried to model the evolution of averaged quantities of the?ow. This community, which had followed the glorious trail of Taylor and Kolmogorov, believed in the phenomenology of cascades, and strongly disputed the possibility of any coherence or order associated to turbulence. On the other bank of the river standed the “coherence among chaos” community, which considered turbulence from a purely deterministic point of view, by studying either the behaviour of dynamical systems, or the stability of?ows in various situations. To this community were also associated the experimentalists and computer simulators who sought to identify coherent vortices in?ows. Situation is more complex now, and the existence of these two camps is less clear. In fact a third point of view pushed by people from the physics community has emerged, with the concepts of renormalization group theory, multifractality, mixing, and Lagrangian approaches.

The Maritime Engineering Reference Book is a one-stop source for engineers involved in marine engineering and naval architecture. In this essential reference, Anthony F. Molland has brought together the work of a number of the world's leading writers in the field to create an inclusive volume for a wide audience of marine engineers, naval architects and those involved in marine operations, insurance and other related fields. Coverage ranges from the basics to more advanced topics in ship design, construction and operation. All the key areas are covered, including ship flotation and stability, ship structures, propulsion, seakeeping and maneuvering. The marine environment and maritime safety are explored as well as new technologies, such as computer aided ship design and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs).Facts, figures and data from world-leading experts makes this an invaluable ready-reference for those involved in the field of maritime engineering.Professor A.F. Molland, BSc, MSc, PhD, CEng, FRINA. is Emeritus Professor of Ship Design at the University of Southampton, UK. He has lectured ship design and operation for many years. He has carried out extensive research and published widely on ship design and various aspects of ship hydrodynamics.• A comprehensive overview from best-selling authors including Bryan Barrass, Rawson and Tupper, and David Eyres• Covers basic and advanced material on marine engineering and Naval Architecture topics• Have key facts, figures and data to hand in one complete reference book

Although the propeller lies submerged out of sight, it is a complex component in both the hydrodynamic and structural sense. This book fulfils the need for a comprehensive and cutting edge volume that brings together a great range of knowledge on propulsion technology, a multi-disciplinary and international subject. The book comprises three main sections covering hydrodynamics; materials and mechanical considerations; and design, operation and performance. The discussion relates theory to practical problems of design, analysis and operational economy, and is supported by extensive design information, operational detail and tabulated data. Fully updated and revised to cover the latest advances in the field, the new edition now also includes four new chapters on azimuthing and podded propulsors, propeller-rudder interaction, high-speed propellers, and propeller-ice interaction.·The most complete book available on marine propellers, fully updated and revised, with four new chapters on azimuthing and podded propulsors, propeller-rudder interaction, high-speed propellers, and propeller-ice interaction·A valuable reference for marine engineers and naval architects gathering together the subject of propulsion technology, in both theory and practice, over the last forty years ·Written by a leading expert on propeller technology, essential for students of propulsion and hydrodynamics, complete with online worked examples

The ECCOMAS Thematic Conference Multibody Dynamics 2005 was held in Madrid, representing the second edition of a series which began in Lisbon 2003. This book contains the revised and extended versions of selected conference communications, representing the state-of-the-art in the advances on computational multibody models, from the most abstract mathematical developments to practical engineering applications.

Fluid mechanics is the study of how fluids behave and interact under various forces and in various applied situations, whether in liquid or gas state or both. The author compiles pertinent information that are introduced in the more advanced classes at the senior level and at the graduate level. “Advanced Fluid Mechanics” courses typically cover a variety of topics involving fluids in various multiple states (phases), with both elastic and non-elastic qualities, and flowing in complex ways. This new text will integrate both the simple stages of fluid mechanics (“Fundamentals”) with those involving more complex parameters, including Inviscid Flow in multi-dimensions, Viscous Flow and Turbulence, and a succinct introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics. It will offer exceptional pedagogy, for both classroom use and self-instruction, including many worked-out examples, end-of-chapter problems, and actual computer programs that can be used to reinforce theory with real-world applications.Professional engineers as well as Physicists and Chemists working in the analysis of fluid behavior in complex systems will find the contents of this book useful.All manufacturing companies involved in any sort of systems that encompass fluids and fluid flow analysis (e.g., heat exchangers, air conditioning and refrigeration, chemical processes, etc.) or energy generation (steam boilers, turbines and internal combustion engines, jet propulsion systems, etc.), or fluid systems and fluid power (e.g., hydraulics, piping systems, and so on)will reap the benefits of this text.• Offers detailed derivation of fundamental equations for better comprehension of more advanced mathematical analysis • Provides groundwork for more advanced topics on boundary layer analysis, unsteady flow, turbulent modeling, and computational fluid dynamics • Includes worked-out examples and end-of-chapter problems as well as a companion web site with sample computational programs and Solutions Manual

The study of flight dynamics requires a thorough understanding of the theory of the stability and control of aircraft, an appreciation of flight control systems and a comprehensive grounding in the theory of automatic control. Flight Dynamics Principles provides all three in an accessible and student focussed text. Written for those coming to the subject for the first time the book is suitable as a complete first course text. It provides a secure foundation from which to move on to more advanced topics such a non-linear flight dynamics, simulation and advanced flight control, and is ideal for those on course including flight mechanics, aircraft handling qualities, aircraft stability and control. Enhances by detailed worked examples, case studies and aircraft operating condition software, this complete course text, by a renowned flight dynamicist, is widely used on aircraft engineering courses - Suitable as a complete first course text, it provides a secure foundation from which to move on to more advanced topics such a non-linear flight dynamics, simulation and advanced flight control - End of chapter exercises, detailed worked examples, and case studies aid understanding and relate concepts to real world applications - Covers key contemporary topics including all aspects of optimization, emissions, regulation and automatic flight control and UAVs - Accompanying MathCAD software source code for performance model generation and optimization

This volume aims to provide an overview of some recent developments of mathematical kinetic theory focused on its application in modelling complex systems in various?elds of applied sciences. Mathematical kinetic theory is essentially based on the Boltzmann eq- tion, which describes the evolution, possibly far from equilibrium, of a class of particles modelled as point masses. The equation de?nes the evolution in time and space of the distribution function over the possible microscopic states of the test particle, classically position and velocity. The test particle is subject to pair collisions with the?eld particles. The interested reader can?nd in the book, Theory and Application of the Boltzmann Equation, by C. Cercignani, R. Illner, and M. Pulvirenti, Springer, Heidelberg, 1993, all necessary knowledge of the physics and mathematical topics related to this celebrated model of non-equilibrium statistical mech- ics. Another important model of mathematical kinetic theory is the Vlasov equation, where interactions between particles are not speci?cally collisions, but mean?eld actions of the?eld particles over the test particle. The model de?nes again an evolution equation for the one-particle distribution function over the microscopic state of the test particle. The two models brie?y mentioned above can be regarded as the fun- mental models of mathematical kinetic theory and the essential background o?ered from the kinetic theory for classical particles towards the modelling of large systems of several particles undergoing non classical interactions.

A good understanding of turbulent compressible flows is essential to the design and operation of high-speed vehicles. Such flows occur, for example, in the external flow over the surfaces of supersonic aircraft, and in the internal flow through the engines. Our ability to predict the aerodynamic lift, drag, propulsion and maneuverability of high-speed vehicles is crucially dependent on our knowledge of turbulent shear layers, and our understanding of their behavior in the presence of shock waves and regions of changing pressure. Turbulent Shear Layers in Supersonic Flow provides a comprehensive introduction to the field, and helps provide a basis for future work in this area. Wherever possible we use the available experimental work, and the results from numerical simulations to illustrate and develop a physical understanding of turbulent compressible flows.

The recent emergence and proliferation of proximal probes, e.g. SPM and AFM, and computational techniques for simulating tip-surface interactions has enabled the systematic investigation of interfacial problems on ever smaller scales, as well as created means for modifying and manipulating nanostructures. In short, they have led to the appearance of the new, interdisciplinary fields of micro/nanotribology and micro/nanomechanics. This volume serves as a timely, practical introduction to the principles of nanotribology and nanomechanics and applications to magnetic storage systems and MEMS/NEMS. Assuming some familiarity with macrotribology/mechanics, the book comprises chapters by internationally recognized experts, who integrate knowledge of the field from the mechanics and materials-science perspectives. They cover key measurement techniques, their applications, and theoretical modelling of interfaces, each beginning their contributions with macro- and progressing to microconcepts. After reviewing the fundamental experimental and theoretical aspects in the first part, Nanotribology and Nanomechanics then treats applications. Three groups of readers are likely to find this text valuable: graduate students, research workers, and practicing engineers. It can serve as the basis for a comprehensive, one- or two-semester course in scanning probe microscopy; applied scanning probe techniques; or nanotribology/nanomechanics/nanotechnology, in departments such as mechanical engineering, materials science, and applied physics. With a Foreword by Physics Nobel Laureate Gerd Binnig Dr. Bharat Bhushan is an Ohio Eminent Scholar and The Howard D. Winbigler Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate Research Faculty Advisor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Director of the Nanotribology Laboratory for Information Storage & MEMS/NEMS (NLIM) at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. He is an internationally recognized expert of tribology and mechanics on the macro- to nanoscales, and is one of the most prolific authors. He is considered by some a pioneer of the tribology and mechanics of magnetic storage devices and a leading researcher in the fields of nanotribology and nanomechanics using scanning probe microscopy and applications to micro/nanotechnology. He is the recipient of various international fellowships including the Alexander von Humboldt Research Prize for Senior Scientists, Max Planck Foundation Research Award for Outstanding Foreign Scientists, and the Fulbright Senior Scholar Award.

Solve any mechanical engineering problem quickly and easily with the world's leading engineering handbook Nearly 1800 pages of mechanical engineering facts, figures, standards, and practices, 2000 illustrations, and 900 tables clarifying important mathematical and engineering principle, and the collective wisdom of 160 experts help you answer any analytical, design, and application question you will ever have.

This volume contains the contributions to the 14. Symposium of the STAB (German Aerospace Aerodynamics Association). In this association all those German scientists and engineers from universities, research establishments and industry are involved, who are doing research and project work in numerical and experimental fluid mechanics and aerodynamics, mainly for aerospace but for other applications, too. Many of the contributions are presenting results from national and European Community sponsored projects. The volume gives a broad overview over the ongoing work in this field in Germany, with the topics being high-aspect ratio wings, low aspect-ratio wings, bluff bodies, laminar flow control and transition, active flow control, hypersonic flows, aeroelasticity, aeroacoustics, mathematical fundamentals/ numerical simulation, physical fundamentals, and facilities.

Calculation and optimisation of flight performance is required to design or select new aircraft, efficiently operate existing aircraft, and upgrade aircraft. It provides critical data for aircraft certification, accident investigation, fleet management, flight regulations and safety. This book presents an unrivalled range of advanced flight performance models for both transport and military aircraft, including the unconventional ends of the envelopes. Topics covered include the numerical solution of supersonic acceleration, transient roll, optimal climb of propeller aircraft, propeller performance, long-range flight with en-route stop, fuel planning, zero-gravity flight in the atmosphere, VSTOL operations, ski jump from aircraft carrier, optimal flight paths at subsonic and supersonic speed, range-payload analysis of fixed- and rotary wing aircraft, performance of tandem helicopters, lower-bound noise estimation, sonic boom, and more.This book will be a valuable text for undergraduate and post-graduate level students of aerospace engineering. It will also be an essential reference and resource for practicing aircraft engineers, aircraft operations managers and organizations handling air traffic control, flight and flying regulations, standards, safety, environment, and the complex financial aspects of flying aircraft.·Unique coverage of fixed and rotary wing aircraft in a unified manner, including optimisation, emissions control and regulation.·Ideal for students, aeronautical engineering capstone projects, and for widespread professional reference in the aerospace industry. ·Comprehensive coverage of computer-based solution of aerospace engineering problems; the critical analysis of performance data; and case studies from real world engineering experience. ·Supported by end of chapter exercises, an extensive Instructor's Manual and downloadable flight performance modelling code.

This book is a comprehensive and intensive monograph for scientists, engineers and applied mathematicians, as well as graduate students in fluid dynamics. It starts with a brief review of fundamentals of fluid dynamics, with an innovative emphasis on the intrinsic orthogonal decomposition of fluid dynamic process, by which one naturally identifies the content and scope of vorticity and vortex dynamics. This is followed by a detailed presentation of vorticity dynamics as the basis of later development. In vortex dynamics part the book deals with the formation, motion, interaction, stability, and breakdown of various vortices. Typical vortex structures are analyzed in laminar, transitional, and turbulent flows, including stratified and rotational fluids. Physical understanding of vertical flow phenomena and mechanisms is the first priority throughout the book. To make the book self-contained, some mathematical background is briefly presented in the main text, but major prerequisites are systematically given in appendices. Material usually not seen in books on vortex dynamics is included, such as geophysical vortex dynamics, aerodynamic vortical flow diagnostics and management.

In this new edition, the fundamental material on classical linear aeroelasticity has been revised. Also new material has been added describing recent results on the research frontiers dealing with nonlinear aeroelasticity as well as major advances in the modelling of unsteady aerodynamic flows using the methods of computational fluid dynamics and reduced order modeling techniques. New chapters on aeroelasticity in turbomachinery and aeroelasticity and the latter chapters for a more advanced course, a graduate seminar or as a reference source for an entrée to the research literature.

Bringing together the world's leading researchers and practitioners of computational mechanics, these new volumes meet and build on the eight key challenges for research and development in computational mechanics.Researchers have recently identified eight critical research tasks facing the field of computational mechanics. These tasks have come about because it appears possible to reach a new level of mathematical modelling and numerical solution that will lead to a much deeper understanding of nature and to great improvements in engineering design.The eight tasks are: - The automatic solution of mathematical models - Effective numerical schemes for fluid flows - The development of an effective mesh-free numerical solution method - The development of numerical procedures for multiphysics problems - The development of numerical procedures for multiscale problems - The modelling of uncertainties - The analysis of complete life cycles of systems - Education - teaching sound engineering and scientific judgement Readers of Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics 2003 will be able to apply the combined experience of many of the world's leading researchers to their own research needs. Those in academic environments will gain a better insight into the needs and constraints of the industries they are involved with; those in industry will gain a competitive advantage by gaining insight into the cutting edge research being carried out by colleagues in academia. Features - Bridges the gap between academic researchers and practitioners in industry - Outlines the eight main challenges facing Research and Design in Computational mechanics and offers new insights into the shifting the research agenda - Provides a vision of how strong, basic and exciting education at university can be harmonized with life-long learning to obtain maximum value from the new powerful tools of analysis

Vortex methods have been developed and applied to many kinds of flows related to various problems in wide engineering and scientific fields. The purpose of the First International conference on Vortex methods was to provide an opportunity for engineers and scientists to present their achievements, exchange ideas and discuss new developments in mathematical and physical modeling techniques and engineering applications of vortex methods.

From a customer's perspective, services are experiences. From the organization's perspective, services are processes that have to be designed and managed to create the desired customer experience. This makes processes the architecture of services. Designing Customer Service Processes will discuss how service processes can be designed and improved to deliver the promised value proposition. This book is the sixth volume in the Winning in Service Markets Series by services marketing expert Jochen Wirtz. Scientifically grounded, accessible and practical, the Winning in Service Markets Series bridges the gap between cutting-edge academic research and industry practitioners, and features best practices and latest trends on services marketing and management from around the world.The e-version of this book is not available for purchase at our website but can be purchased through Amazon and Kobo.

This acclaimed series provides survey articles on the present state and future direction of research in important branches of applied mechanics. Volume 31 provides the following fully referenced, and comprehensive articles:A New Integrable Shallow Water Equation discusses the initial value problem and soliton solutions for a newly discovered, completely integrable, dispersive shallow water equation as well as the elastic collision properties of the N-soliton solutionThe Onset and Development of Thermal Convection in Fully Developed Shear Flows focuses on a few basic states involving a Boussinesq fluid and fully developed forced flows, mainly of the Couette or Poiseuille typeVortex Element Methods for Flow Simulation covers vortex patches and filaments and a critical account of difficulties, limitations, and continuing efforts to improve the simulations of laminar or peturbulent flows through the use of vortex elementmethodsMicromechanics Constitutive Description of Thermoelastic Martensitic Transformations is concerned with the micromechanics description of transformation plasticity, incorporating microstructure, crystallography, thermodynamics and micromechanics into the continuum formulation of the macroscopic constitutive behavior.

This volume is a review on the recent progresses done in the understanding of the physics of the superconducting arrays. It consists of five sessions:All the topical contributions go well beyond those characteristics of the condensed matter physics and offer links to the domains of the nonlinear science, complex systems and statistical mechanics.

The amphibious versatility, marine speed and low footprint pressure have given the hovercraft a role in specialized applications. Among them are search and rescue, emergency medical services, military and arctic operations, icebreaking, patrol, law enforcement, ferries, and recreational activities such as racing. To meet these demands, the hovercraft has undergone considerable development since its inception. A comprehensive and timely review of the analysis, design, operation, economics and applications of hovercraft is presented in this volume by a team of highly qualified experts. The topics covered range from first principles to the state-of-the-art, with extensive references to current literature. The overall presentation is intended not to exceed the final year level of undergraduate engineering. The introduction and summary sections of all chapters are intended to give a qualitative grasp of the material covered without having to read all the technical portions.In varying degrees, the volume will appeal to managers, decision-support staff, operators, technologists, undergraduate students, and anyone entering the hovercraft field or seeking an introduction to it. It will also be of interest to design engineers, researchers and graduate students. Thus, this volume can serve as an up-to-date reference on several important aspects of hovercraft for a wide range of readers.

This proceedings volume reviews the recent developments of superconducting materials for practical applications and critical current characteristics. It contains 18 invited papers and 72 contributed papers. The scope of these papers includes: (1) synthesis and processing of practical materials, (2) properties of high-Tc tapes, coils and bulk materials, (3) critical currents and microstructure, (4) flux dynamics and pinning mechanisms, (5) applications of high-Tc materials, (6) applications of low-Tc superconductors, (7) processing, physical properties and applications of high-Tc thin films.