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The text begins by discussing the processing and characterization of nano-manufactured resorbable bionanocomposites and presents the latest advances in carbon-based polymer nanocomposite materials for sensing applications. It further presents different characterization techniques such as scanning electron, transmission electron, atomic force microscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction for the identification of bionanocomposites.This book:• Introduces nano-manufactured processed composites for biomedical application, processing, and characterization of bionanocomposites.• Presents biobased nano-manufactured processed composites for imaging, tissue repairing, and drug-delivery applications.• Explains future trends of nano-manufactured composites in 3D bio-implants and fluorescent bioimaging.• Highlights the challenges and perspectives of polymeric nano-manufactured composites for biomedical applications.• Covers multifunctional nano-manufactured bio-composites, and advances in polymeric membranes for healthcare applications.It is primarily written for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields of manufacturing engineering, biomedical engineering, materials science and engineering, mechanical engineering, and production engineering.

Application of Process Intensification (PI) presents a set of radically innovative principles in process and equipment design, which can bring significant benefits in terms of process efficiency, capital and operating expenses, quality, process safety, and sustainability. Typical approaches in bioprocess intensification are the reduction of the number of production steps, continuous processing, integrated processes, and alternative energy inputs.

This book presents key aspects and recent developments of cryogenic sample electron tomography (cryo-ET) methodology, authored by leading experts in the field. Understanding structure and function of biomolecules in the context of cells is a new frontier in cellular and structural biology. To facilitate such research, cryo-ET is a key method to visualize the molecules of life in their native settings. Cryo-ET enables the imaging of samples that are preserved in a near-native state, at (macro)-molecular resolution and in three dimensions. Thus, this technique is a unique tool to gain insights into how biomolecules collaborate in orchestrating fundamental biological processes, how mutations cause diseases, pathogens cause infections, and to develop novel therapeutics to treat such illnesses. This book provides a unique reference for the emerging field of cryo-ET. The topics covered range from the fundamental principles of imaging to sample preparation, data analysis,and data sharing within the scientific community. It serves as a valuable resource for the next generation of structural biologists, making it suitable both for undergraduate students studying biochemistry, biophysics, and molecular biology and highly valuable for the more experienced and specialized PhD student. Furthermore, it stands as a state-of-the–art source of knowledge for the established senior scientist within the field of structural biology.

This book explores the role of nanotechnology in the delivery of natural phytoconstituents and cosmeceuticals. It presents polymeric nanocarriers, lipid-based nanocarriers, metal/metal oxide nanocarriers, protein nanocarriers, and dendrimers for the delivery of phytoconstituents. Further, it focuses on the usage of phytocompounds in various cosmeceutical products and nano delivery technologies used in the delivery of various cosmeceuticals. Finally, the book reviews the toxicity issues of nanoparticles in the delivery of phytoconstituents and cosmeceuticals and regulatory aspects for clinical applications of nano phytomedicines. This book is helpful for academicians and researchers working in pharmaceutical sciences, nano science, material science, plant science, and cosmetic science.

The study and therapeutic application of macrophages is a rapidly developing field. Tremendous progress has been made in understanding the phenotypes and functions of macrophages in healthy and diseased tissues and organs. Following the great success of Volume 62:'Macrophages - Origin, Functions and Biointervention'published in this series, this new book now focuses on the role of monocytes and macrophages in development, regeneration and disease. This new volume offers an overview of the latest developments in monocyte and macrophage subtypes and functions across various tissues including adipose tissue, bones, liver, lungs, testes, and the nervous system. The book also reviews existing and potential therapies targeted towards the macrophages and describes their homeostatic functions. It explores how macrophage cell cycle, metabolism, mitochondrial activity, histone acetylation status, and interaction with the extracellular matrix contribute to changes in macrophage phenotype and function in health and disease. Additionally, it examines the interactions between macrophages and cancer cells, bacteria, helminth parasites, and their role in the colonization and spread of HIV. For ease of reference, the volume is divided into three sections: Part I Nonimmunologic and immunologic functions of monocytes/macrophages Part II Tissue/organ specific functions of macrophages Part III Macrophage functions and dysfunction in diseases This book will be of interest to researchers working in the fields of developmental biology, immunology, cancer research, and therapeutic applications. It is written to inform and inspire experts and newcomers to the field of macrophages.

Smart drug delivery at both the micro- and nanoscale is an evolving field with numerous potential applications. It has the potential to revolutionize drug therapy by making treatments more effective, reducing side effects, and improving patient outcomes.This book presents a comprehensive review of the most recent studies on smart micro- and nanomaterials with a focus on their “smart” activity for formation of targeted and responsive drug-delivery carriers. This volume: Introduces readers to the fundamentals of these the micro- and nanoscale materials as well as approaches to smart drug delivery and drug delivery systems. Covers polymers, metals, and composite materials as well as quantum dots and carbon nanotubes. Describes of all possible stimulated systems for drug delivery such as enzyme-responsive, small molecules-responsive, thermo-responsive, pH-responsive, electric field-responsive, magnetic field-responsive, light-responsive, ultrasound-responsive, and reductive environment responsive. Offers a critical perspective on the future scope of smart drug delivery systems. This reference work is written to support researchers in the fields of materials engineering and biotechnology with the goal of improving the diagnosis and treatment of disease and patient quality of life.

This book compiles selected publications authored or co-authored by the editor to present a comprehensive understanding of following topics: (1) density functional theory and CALPHAD modeling; (2) computational tools; and (3) applications of computational thermodynamics. It is noted that while entropy at one scale is well represented by standard statistical mechanics in terms of probability of individual configurations at that scale, the theory capable of counting total entropy of a system from different scales is lacking. The zentropy theory provides a nested form for configurational entropy enabling multiscale modeling to account for disorder and fluctuations from the electronic scale based on quantum mechanics to the experimental scale based on statistical mechanics using free energies of individual configurations rather than their total energies in standard statistical mechanics. The predictions from the zentropy theory demonstrate remarkable agreements with experimental observations for magnetic transitions and associated emergent behaviors of strongly correlated metals and oxides, including singularity and instability at critical points and positive and negative thermal expansions, without the need of additional truncated models and fitting model parameters beyond density function theory. This paves the way to provide the predicted phase equilibrium data for high throughput predictive CALPHAD modeling of complex material systems, and those individual configurations may thus be considered as the genomic building blocks of individual phases in the spirit of Materials Genome®.

Characterization Techniques for Bionanocomposites: Advances, Challenges, and Applications provides a detailed review of current techniques used for the characterization of bionanocomposites. The chapters cover physical, chemical, thermal, and electrical characterization techniques as well as spectroscopic and microscopic methods. There is also an entire section dedicated to biodegradability and biological characterization. With its numerous case studies and practical examples, researchers will find this book a valuable information resource that enables them to identify which specialized characterization tools can be applied to different materials for a broad range of biological, environmental, and industrial applications. - Provides detailed coverage of important techniques and analytical tools used for the characterization of bionanocomposites - Contains case study examples and discusses standards for applied characterization - Takes an application-orientated approach

Plastic pollution is a complex environmental problem. The use of recycled plastics in the modification of concrete materials has a dominant role to play in the move towards sustainable construction. Reuse of Plastic Waste in Eco-efficient Concrete presents the latest research findings on the application and use of recycled plastic waste in sustainable construction. Divided over four parts, the chapters cover various techniques for processing and separation of plastic wastes; use of recycled plastics as aggregates in modified concrete; as well as lightweight reinforced concrete applications too. There is also an entire section dedicated to asphalt mixtures. The book provides technological solutions on how recycled plastic wastes can be applied in concrete manufacturing. It will be a valuable reference source for academic and industrial researchers who are working with waste materials and the use of recycled plastics in concrete, as well as for civil and structural engineers, polymer production technologists, and concrete manufacturers. - Describes the main types of recycled plastics that can be applied in concrete manufacturing - Presents, state-of-the art knowledge on the properties of conventional concrete with recycled plastics - Discusses the technological challenges for concrete manufacturers for mass production of recycled concrete from plastic waste - Covers lifecycle cost analysis, production challenges, and long-term performance analysis

Biobased biodegradable polymers are emerging as an alternative to fossil fuel-based plastics. Biodegradable Polymers, Blends and Biocomposites: Trends and Applications discusses trends in the development of microbial/other renewable source-based bioplastic products, their blends and biocomposites applications in various industrial fields. It covers biodegradable polymeric materials preparation, extraction, formulation, modification of properties, product development and applications and end-of-life options. Furthermore, the book discusses topics like bioplastic resources, isolation procedures, utilization at commercial level and markets and economy. Features: Explains emerging application possibilities of biobased biodegradable polymers. Provides detailed application notes on agricultural waste-based bioplastics. Covers microbial and agro-based biocomposites and their applications. Summarizes bioplastic degradation and blending research. Discusses application possibilities of biobased biodegradable polymers. The book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in polymers and composites.

This book covers the works presented at the workshop aimed at bridging academia, industry, and society, fostering collaboration among lecturers, technicians, researchers, and students. It delves into functional materials, tribo-mechanical behavior, bio-residues, and biopolymers. Some chapters explore computer architecture, artificial intelligence, smart cities, sustainable industries, and life cycle assessment. Additionally, the book addresses emerging pollutants, cellular and bacterial behavior, powder technology, applied physics, applied mathematics, industrial and environmental chemistry, product design, industrial robotic systems, and deep learning systems.

This book provides a multifaceted examination of solid waste management methods, the preparation, properties, and application of solid waste materials in the remediation of various environmental media, as well as the combination of solid waste materials and artificial intelligence.Based on the latest research results and cutting-edge technologies from around the world, the contributors combine the design principles of solid waste materials with application examples, including a complete system, clear routes, and illustrations. They integrate the idea of ecological civilization, the concept of sustainable development, and engineering innovation thinking, providing a reliable reference for resource recycling and contributing to global low-carbon emission.The book is suitable for teachers and students, as well as researchers, industrial technicians, and managers involved in solid waste resources and environmental remediation.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of value-added products from algae, presenting the fundamentals of algal cultivation, metabolism, harvest, and cellular pathways of phycochemicals biosynthesis. It offers sufficient details for both experts and non-experts to grasp the recent progress in this field. The book also discusses new phycochemicals and advancements in technology development, from separation to scale-up commercialization. Divided into 18 chapters, the book begins with an introduction to the value of algae as a renewable resource, followed by an authoritative overview of topics such as algae cultivation systems, harvesting techniques, phycochemical analysis, artificial intelligence in phytochemical recognition, and bioprocess engineering. Additional chapters cover various aspects of algal biotechnology, including biorefinery technology, biofuel-integrated routes, and the use of wastewater for algal growth. The book also explores high throughput screening methods for microalgae-based phycochemicals and examines the catalytic processes involved in algal bioprocessing. Cutting-edge topics such as omics approaches for algal applications, algal-based biopolymers, diatom nanostructured biosilica, and the potential of seaweeds in methane emission mitigation, are also explored. In this book, readers will discover the recent technological applications of algae in aquaculture and will find a case study on the functional food potential of Spirulina. Recognizing the importance of legislation and biosecurity in the field, the last chapter of the book addresses the regulatory frameworks and biosecurity measures necessary for the safe and sustainable development of algal biotechnology. Given its breadth, the book is a valuable resource for scholars, researchers and professionals interested in algal biotechnology, sustainability, biomass conversion, and new algal products from any perspective.

Explore new and proven information about cotton fibers!Cotton Fibers is an important reference source for anyone who produces, markets, and researches cotton fibers. This unique book is written by internationally renowned researchers who have pooled their immense knowledge to create this outstanding volume that deals with development, quality improvement, and textile/technological aspects of cotton production. Cotton, a worldwide crop that is valued at $20 billion, is the premiere natural fiber for textiles. As cotton fiber consumption continues to increase, the crop is becoming a major importance to the economies of both developed and developing countries. Cotton Fibers covers the recent explosion of information on cotton fibers and points out research priorities for the future, consequently stimulating multidisciplinary cotton research. Cotton Fibers provides you with information on topics that will help you improve the quantity and quality of cotton crops, such as: developing cotton fibers in vitro developing cellulose biosynthesis in cotton fibers modifying cotton fibers with genetic engineering strategies managing postharvest fiber quality abating air pollution and disposal of gin waste fiber-to-fabric engineering for optimal cotton fiber quality structural development of cotton fibers and linkages to fiber quality cotton germplasam resources and their potential for improved fiber productivity and quality molecular genetics of developing cotton fibersComplete with charts and diagrams, Cotton Fibers is a thorough exploration of what is known about cotton fibers and what research is just beginning to reveal about the crop. You will explore some of the latest technological advances in cotton fiber production, such as understanding the genetics of fiber growth and development and introducing hormone genes into cotton. This comprehensive guide is a vital tool for anyone interested in increasing the yield and quality of cotton, the world's most popular fiber.

Smart drug delivery refers to a targeted drug delivery or precision drug delivery system that allows drugs to be administered to a specific location in the body or at a specific time with enhanced precision and control. This approach has several advantages, including maximizing the therapeutic effects of a drug while minimizing side effects.This book presents various stimuli-responsive micro- and nanomaterials for pharmaceutical industries. This volume: Covers the global market perspective of micro- and nano-smart materials in pharmaceutical industries. Details various processing routes. Discusses mechanisms for target release. Addresses applications in oral drug delivery, anticancer agents, anti-tumor drug delivery, and drugs for management of infection. This reference work is written to support researchers in the fields of materials engineering and biotechnology with the goal of improving the diagnosis and treatment of disease and patient quality of life.

Nanocomposites for Environmental, Energy and Agricultural Applications presents a comprehensive overview of recent developments and prospects for nanocomposites in sustainable/green energy production, water/wastewater treatment as well as crop production. Each chapter introduces the fundamental principles as well as the design and characterization of nanocomposites for various applications. This includes detailed discussions of nanocomposites technology, including mixed matrix membranes for water and gas separation, nanohybrid catalysts for organic pollutants degradation and sustainable energy production as well as advanced nanocomposites of different structural dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D and 3D) for agricultural utilization. The book also discusses the challenges of lab-based research towards industrial implementation and related case studies based on pilot and full-scale processes. At the end of each chapter, future opportunities for improvement will be provided to offer researchers a new research direction. The book will be a practical guide for researchers and scientists working in the fields of nanotechnology and nanomaterials science and technology. - Provides recent research progress on nanocomposites for environmental, energy, and agricultural applications - Includes related case studies based on pilot-scale and full-scale processes - Emphasizes the application of nanocomposites for water/wastewater treatment, sustainable energy production, and agricultural processes

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 1st International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation (CONICIETI)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 1st International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation (CONICIETI), May 29-30, 2024, Tegucigalpa, Honduras

Nanostructured Materials for Food Packaging Applications brings together the latest advances in the preparation of nanostructured materials with the required properties and performance for food packaging applications. The book begins by summarizing the state-of-the-art, opportunities, challenges and solutions in terms of materials for packaging, while also introducing the polymers and fillers in use, their general characteristics and modifications. This is followed by detailed coverage of characterization techniques, fabrication methods and the possibilities for fully green nanoscale materials. The subsequent chapters focus on specific nanomaterials and nanocomposites for food packaging, covering a broad range of materials, methods, and properties. The final chapters highlight functionalized nanomaterials, intelligent and smart packaging systems, kinetic studies, modelling and simulation, safety assessment, and lifecycle assessment of food packaging materials. This book will be of interest to researchers and advanced students across nanotechnology, polymer science, films, barriers, coatings, packaging, food science, chemistry, and materials science, as well as scientists, engineers, and R&D professionals. - Covers a broad range of nanomaterials and nanocomposites for food packaging applications - Guides the reader through characterization, fabrication methods, properties and analysis - Considers intelligent and smart packaging systems, safety assessment and lifecycle assessment

The book bridges the gap between pharmaceutics and molecular modelling at the micro, meso and macro scale. It covers Lipinski's rule of five, nanoparticulate drug delivery, computational prediction of drug solubility and ability to cross blood brain barrier, computer-based simulation of pharmacokinetic parameters, virtual screening of mucoadhesive polymers, QSPR modelling, designing of 2D nanomaterials and role of principal component analysis.

This book reviews various applications of nanotechnology in the prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic management of livestock diseases. The initial section discusses the strategies for the synthesis of nanomaterials and characterization of different nanomaterials. The subsequent chapters explore the role of nanoparticles in the diagnosis of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and fungi. The book also examines the nano sensors that are used for point-of-care diagnosis of various livestock diseases. Additionally, it highlights nanoparticles-based vaccines and vaccine delivery systems to combat bacterial livestock diseases. Lastly, the book entails the strategies for developing nanotherapeutics for the treatment of bacterial, viral, fungal diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer in livestock animals. The content of this book is useful for researchers and practitioners interested in understanding the applications of nanotechnology in diagnostics and therapeutics of livestock diseases.

The book explores the intersection of nanotechnology and allergic airway diseases. With a focus on diagnosis and management, each chapter delves into specific areas of interest. Beginning with an introduction to the diseases, the book progresses to uncover the pathophysiology and immunology underlying allergic airway diseases. The epidemiology chapter provides insights into the prevalence and impact of these conditions. A significant portion of the book is dedicated to nanotechnology applications, with chapters on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, nanomicelles, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, nanofibers, and quantum dots. These chapters delve into the potential of these nanomaterials in managing allergic airway diseases, highlighting their unique properties, and promising therapeutic approaches. Finally, the book concludes with a chapter on future directions, exploring emerging trends and potential advancements in the field. This book will be a valuable resource for academics, caregivers, researchers, and industry professionals working in the field of airway allergic diseases. It includes translational and clinical researchers, under-graduates and postgraduates (Masters), PhDs, and post-doctoral researchers of various disciplines, including pharmaceutical sciences, biotechnology, immunology, and medical and health sciences.

This second part presents a comprehensive overview of fundamental optical properties of the III Nitride Semiconductor. All optoelectronic applications based on III-nitrides are due to their unique optical properties and characterizations of III-nitrides. Much information, which is critical to the design and improvement of optoelectronic devices based on III-nitrides has been obtained in the last several years. This is the second of a two part Volume in the seriesOptoelectronic Properties of Semiconductors and Superlattices.

This book presents select proceedings of the North East Research Conclave (NERC 2022). The book mainly covers research related to healthcare and related technologies. It includes broad bioengineering applications divided into four parts, namely, biomaterials and tissue engineering, biomedical science and engineering, drug delivery and therapeutics and cell and molecular biology. The book encompasses the latest research and advancements in the field of healthcare and related technologies. This book also describes a few studies based on computer simulations in bioengineering. In addition, the fundamental and basic aspects are also discussed for the better understanding of readers. The book can be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers and professionals interested in the field of healthcare and related technologies.

This volume contains eight chapters that detail recent advances in materials science research. Chapter One addresses the recent advances in the synthesis of renewably sourced derived monomers, such as acrylates, epoxy acrylates, epoxides and allylated monomers of carbohydrates, terpenes, vegetable oils and polyphenols. Chapter Two discusses the fundamental and applied aspects of using CQDs for various sensing applications. Chapter Three presents a critical analysis of light barrier films for packaging, mainly those used for light-sensitive food products. Chapter Four investigates the role of Sa concentration in the electroformation of PPy on different alloys such as 316L SS, Ti-6Al-4V, Nitinol, and AZ91D. Chapter Five emphasizes the critical importance of accurately diagnosing natural stone building façade pathologies to make rational decisions regarding maintenance and restoration needs. Chapter Six discusses the properties and uses of nano-silica. Chapter Seven studies the transformation phenomenon of single crystal silicon layers into nanostructured silicon. Finally, Chapter Eight uses a genetic algorithm based on Hansen's evolutionary strategy as an innovative experimental method on additive manufacturing processes.

Biotechnology involves an interdisciplinary science that provides an interface between biological, molecular and cellular aspects of living organisms with broad technologies applicable in the fields of health, environment and materials. This book “Biotechnology applied to inflammatory diseases: Cellular mechanisms and nanomedicine” is focused on elaborating especially on two trendy areas from Biotechnology. In this volume, different inflammatory pathologies in terms of cellular and molecular mechanisms are characterized to better understand the science behind current precision medicine. The second part of the book focuses on the main biotechnological advancements for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of various types of inflammatory diseases, highlighting up-to-date contributions of nanomedicine. The reader will be able to explore the utilization of technologies for various inflammatory diseases and will be able to enable an engaging and valuableknowledge for further research and clinically applied scenarios.

Sustainable Polylactide-Based Composites integrates fundamental knowledge pertaining to manufacturing and characterization of polymer composites with a thorough and critical overview of the state-of-the-art in PLA-based composites, including significant past and recent advances. The book begins with insights into the basics of polymer composites, with special reference to sustainable composites, as well as fundamental knowledge related to PLA. This is followed by chapters on manufacturing methods, morphological characterization techniques, and the mechanical models used for polymer composites. A comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in PLA-based sustainable composites of all extensively used fillers is then presented. After providing fundamental knowledge related to PLA and polymer composites, including structure-property-processing relationship, the book focuses on recent research efforts and key research challenges in the development of PLA-based composites, as well as lifecycle assessment and recycling. - Presents fundamentals, processing techniques, characterization methods, and modeling - Offers comprehensive coverage of a broad range of polylactide composites - Addresses key issues that could shape future research and industrial application for sustainable future development

This book provides a holistic compilation on applications of carbon nanostructures, especially in advanced healthcare applications. It comprises chapters on utility of diverse multifunctional nanocarriers in drug delivery and biomedical applications, especially emphasizing on the synthesis and characterizations of nanosystems along with surface engineering approaches used for active targeting of the drugs. Moreover, the chapters also include the recent updates on the applications of the nanocarriers to fulfill the needs of various healthcare systems.

This handbook summarizes the current advancements and growth in sustainable carbonaceous porous materials for fabrication and revival of energy devices, fuel cells, sensors technology, solar cell technology, stealth technology in addition to biomedical applications. It also covers the potential applications of carbon materials in various fields such as chemical, engineering, biomedical and environmental sciences. It also confers the prospective utilization of 2D and 3D hierarchical porous carbon in different interdisciplinary engineering applications. The book discusses major challenges faced in the development of cost-effective future energy storage strategies and provides effective solutions for improvement in the performance of carbon-based materials. Given the content, this handbook will be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in the area of material chemistry and allied fields.

This book provides a methodical compilation of deriving composites from the hidden treasure of the aquatic world.Continuous and rapid progress in the composite industries have increased the demand for resilient, economically viable, and sustainable composite materials having enhanced mechanical, thermal and electrical properties which better suits there respective applications.If the materials/organisms used for the production or conversion of composites are renewable, degradable and easily and abundantly available then it gives great opportunity to the researchers to work on different options or processes to make them a viable technology. This work describes the organisms and materials present in the aquatic environment for the production of composite materials. Elaborating the versatile green expedients and their potential applications in the field of composites. Since, growing ecological and environmental consciousness has driven efforts for development of new innovative materials for various end-use applications.Therefore the LCA an circular bio-economy will be discussed to be efficient and sustainable. This book is ideal for the students, academicians, researchers and industry players. It also cover the present scenario, applications and future perspectives of composites derived from aquatic organisms. This compiled book features chapters that discuss the conversion of different materials and organisms present in aquatic environment to composite materials like micro-algae, seaweeds, chitosan, collagen, agar cyanobacteria etc.in a viable manner.

Principles of Biomaterials Encapsulation: Volume Two provides an expansive and in-depth resource covering the key principles, biomaterials, techniques and applications of encapsulation in translational medicine. The book details the various biomaterials available for encapsulation, including polymers, natural and synthetic biomaterials, porous materials, and more. The advantages and disadvantages of conventional and contemporary biomaterials for encapsulations are reviewed, along with advice on the most effective materials for both shell and core. The final part of the book describes a broad range of applications in regenerative medicine, uniquely bringing encapsulation into the worlds of translational medicine and tissue engineering. This book enables readers to learn about the pros and cons of different biomaterials for encapsulation, as well as how they can be utilized in many bodily systems and tissues, such as the respiratory, digestive, endocrine and cardiovascular systems. Written and edited by well-versed materials scientists with extensive clinical, biomedical and regenerative medicine experience, this book offers a deeply interdisciplinary look at encapsulation in translational medicine. - Details the various biomaterials available for encapsulation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of conventional and contemporary biomaterials for encapsulations - Describes a broad range of applications in regenerative medicine, uniquely bringing encapsulation into the worlds of translational medicine and tissue engineering - Written and edited by well-versed materials scientists with extensive clinical, biomedical and regenerative medicine experience, offering an interdisciplinary approach

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Natural Materials-Based Green Composites 2: Biomass deals with using biomass in the preparation of green composites and focuses on biomass from agro-industrial waste, geopolymers, natural gums, plants, green algae, etc. The book covers applications in allied areas such as energy and environment that process fuels and chemicals, wastewater treatment, coatings and catalysis. The book deals with a broad range of material types, including natural fiber reinforced polymer composites, particulate composites, fiberboard, wood fiber composites, and plywood composites that utilize natural, renewable, and biodegradable agricultural biomass.The book complements Natural Materials-based Green Composites 1: Plant Fibers that includes introductory information and various innovative applications of most important plant fiber-based materials such as wood fibers, vegetable fibers, jute fibers, stalk fibers, and hemp fibers. - Focuses on the use of biomass for the preparation of green composites - Discusses details about biomass from natural and industrial waste - Provides an overview of the applicability of green composites

This book provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of recent developments in bio-based packaging materials along with an array of their industrial applications. It offers an interdisciplinary approach, combining food engineering, polymer science, materials science, and sustainable aspects of bio-based materials with their synthesis, properties, characterization, and applications in packaging materials. The book encloses chapters covering fundamental concepts, manufacturing, properties, characterization, and interaction of bio-based materials. It also discusses topics related to the different usage of bio-based materials, their environmental impact, regulations, safety aspects, circular economy, challenges, and opportunities allied to bio-based materials. It is an essential resource for academicians, researchers, students, and professionals interested in exploring the potential bio-based materials in food packaging.

This book explores some of the latest and recent advances in the synthesis, characterization and applications of magnetic nanomaterials. It starts with an overview of magnetic nanomaterials, followed by a list of their synthesis and characterization methods. The book shows the potential of magnetic materials in different applications, including theranostic nanomedicine, heavy metals detection, dyes sensing, solar cells, wastewater treatment, decontamination of soil, and detection and monitoring of toxic gases. Moreover, it explores their use as drug and gene delivery agents, their biosafety and bioregulation facets, tissue engineering applications, and their potential for combating pathogens

This book gives an overview of the processing, properties, and applications of fibers and cellulose derivatives obtained from annual plant materials in the formation of non-wood source of pulp. The book comprises illustrations and tables summarizing the latest research on the production of fibers and cellulose derivatives using several key methods and/or characterization techniques. This book collates the information and knowledge of new ways to prepare cellulosic derivatives and describe the concepts and architecture of fibers obtained from annual plants. This book caters to researchers, policymakers, and industrial practitioners who are interested in natural fibers as a way to preserve the forest resource and to satisfy the increasing demand in pulps.

This book highlights recent advances and evolution of various nanomaterials and their potential in diverse research fields. The book covers the synthesis and characterization of various nanomaterials, followed by discussion on desired applications such as clean and green renewable energy, coating, sensors, thermal applications, microelectronics, biomedical applications such as drug carriers, nutrition, biosensors and detection of cancer cells. The chapters in this book not only illustrate the capability of nanomaterials in such novel usages but also reveal their potential drawbacks and the possible ways to overcome the pitfalls. The book covers interdisciplinary research advancement of nanomaterials, beneficial for researchers and professionals working in both science and engineering.

This book focuses on advanced optical spectroscopy techniques for the characterization of cutting-edge semiconductor materials. It covers a wide range of techniques such as Raman, infrared, photoluminescence, and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy, including an introduction to their physical fundamentals and best operating principles. Aimed at professionals working in the research and development of semiconductors and semiconductor materials, this book looks at a broad class of materials such as silicon and silicon dioxide, nano-diamond thin films, quantum dots, and gallium oxide. In addition to the spectroscopic techniques covered, this book features a chapter devoted to the use of a scanning electron transmission microscope as an excitation source for CL spectroscopy. Written by a practicing industry expert in the field, this book is an ideal source of reference and best-practices guide for physicists, as well as materials scientists and engineers involved in the area of spectroscopy of semiconductor materials. Further, this book introduces the cutting-edge spectroscopy such as optical photothermal IR and Raman spectroscopy or terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) etc.

Nanoparticles have emerged as important players in modern techniques, having applications from medicine and drug delivery to textiles and agriculture. Nanoscale materials are already integrated into our everyday lives in various forms, such as sunscreen lotions containing nanoparticles, dirt-resistant glass with nanocoatings, and nanodrugs. This book reviews the recent developments in the applications of nanoscale materials in drug delivery, agriculture, cosmetics, textiles, and photonics. It also covers other interesting topics in detail, such as nanoencapsulation, nanoparticle formation, and surface functionalization of nanomaterials. It is a valuable resource for practical use and offers up-to-date information given by specialists in each field. It is a useful reference for materials scientists, chemical engineers working in R&D and academia, and inquisitive readers who want to learn more about the applications of nanoparticles and nanomaterials in different fields.

Encyclopedia of Nanomaterials, Three Volume Set provides a comprehensive reference work on the creation, characterization, property and processing of nanomaterials. Sections cover the synthesis, functionalization, assembly and characterization of nanomaterials, their chemical, physical and biological properties, their processing in the form of coating, special texture and surface patterns, nanodevice fabrication, large-scale manufacturing, and their health and environmental impacts. Focusing on the fundamental concepts of nanomaterials and the key processes to understand, manipulate, and process them, this reference gives readers the ability to design and produce nanomaterials according to the requirements of their specific applications. Further, this encyclopedia includes sections that specifically discuss the large-scale manufacture of nanomaterials and the possible environmental and health impacts of their widespread use in many practical settings. It is written for graduate students and researchers in various fields, including biomedicine, pharmaceutical industry, energy, environmental science, catalysis, etc. - Provides a one-stop resource for researchers with its comprehensive coverage of foundational information on nanomaterials - Presents a systematic and detailed introduction of a subtopic of nanomaterials - Emphasizes fundamental concepts rather than describing specific applications - Includes topics important for practical applications such as large-scale manufacturing, film processing, and possible environmental and health impacts

The book discusses the commercial applications of biochar and its composites. Biochar prepared from pyrolysis of waste biomass is gaining widespread attention in environmental remediation due to its multifaceted benefits. This book explores these possible applications of biochar in water treatment and removal of pollutants from the contaminated sites. It also emphasizes the role of biochar engineering through different physical and chemical methods to enhance structural and physicochemical properties of biochar such as surface area, porosity and surface functional group. It also focuses on the diverse source of biomass that can be used for biochar production, different methodologies for biochar preparation and biochar engineering for improvement of its properties. Finally, it describes all the applications of biochar that can contribute to environmental remediation and sustainability. Given the contents, the book will be useful for students, researchers and professionals in the area ofenvironmental chemistry and material science.

This book describes how comfort, energy and climate change in developing countries and vulnerable sectors of the population relate to buildings.The building sector is currently facing significant challenges connected to energy consumption, energy poverty and climate change effects. When studied in developing countries and vulnerable sectors of the population, these factors, which are commonplace in the tropics and the southern hemisphere, are interlinked and share a critical component: environmental comfort. Although progress has been made in environmental comfort through research and the development of standards and policies at the international level, in the Global South, where the countries with the highest levels of income inequality are concentrated, environmental comfort has its own characteristics and challenges that prevent a clear understanding from the established vision of the Global North.This book presents research, theories and techniques related to Thermal comfort, Indoor air quality, Visual comfort, and Acoustic comfort and its relationship with energy use and energy efficiency, seeking to address different barriers to environmental comfort. It shows how to improve the way buildings are designed and operated to promote healthier environmental conditions and more sustainable construction, by presenting studies and reflections carried out in the target geographical area: the Global South. In this way, this book contributes to developing the concept of environmental comfort, visualising how progress has been made in understanding it from a tropical and southern perspective, and posing common challenges.The book is intended for engineers, architects, and researchers of the built environment who are interested in environmental comfort and its influence on energy consumption, energy poverty, and other related factors in the Global South context. It is also a useful resource for decision-makers and public policy developers concerned with the indoor comfort of buildings. Moreover, the book aims to provide guidance for those in developing countries by gathering existing knowledge in the field for the tropics and southern hemisphere climatic and sociocultural contexts, allowing us to move forward in this subject with actions and proposed solutions that fit our particular needs.

This volume celebrates mineral sciences and what are considered the most important progresses and breakthroughs in this discipline. Authoritative authors, who, in most cases, are the direct discoverers recount the steps of their research, which represent landmark developments of mineralogy and mineralogical crystallography.

The Handbook of Natural Polymers: Sources, Synthesis, and Characterization is a comprehensive resource covering extraction and processing methods for polymers from natural sources, with an emphasis on the latest advances. The book begins by introducing the current state-of-the-art, challenges, and opportunities in natural polymers. This is followed by detailed coverage of extraction, synthesis, and characterization methods, organized by polymer type. Along with broad chapters discussing approaches to polysaccharide-based polymers, dedicated chapters offer in-depth information on nanocellulose, chitin and chitosan, gluten, alginate, natural rubber, gelatin, pectin, lignin, keratin, gutta percha, shellac, silk, wood, casein, albumin, collagen, hemicellulose, polyhydroxyalkanoates, zein, soya protein, and gum. The final chapters explore other key themes, including filler interactions and properties in natural polymer-based composites, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity, biodegradability, life cycle, and recycling. Throughout the book, information is supported by data, and guidance is offered regarding potential scale-up and industry factors. As part of a 3-volume handbook offering comprehensive coverage of natural polymers, this book will be of interest to all those looking to gain a broad knowledge of natural polymers, including academic researchers, scientists, advanced students, engineers, and R&D professionals from a range of disciplines and industries. - Provides systematic coverage of the latest methods for the extraction, synthesis, and characterization of natural polymers. - Includes an extensive range of natural polymer sources, including established biopolymers and emerging materials. - Explores preparation of natural polymers and their composites, blends, IPNs, gels, and nanoparticles.

This book presents the state of the art on the weathering of polymers and plastic materials in outdoor applications, comprising natural weathering, accelerated climatic weathering, laboratory artificial accelerated weathering, and lifetime prediction methodology. It summarizes the most suitable methods of instrumental analysis to access and quantify (when possible) degradation caused by weathering, while also covering the degradation and stabilization of polymers based on environmental and artificially induced factors. Innovative polymer additives and some developments in polymeric materials designed for outdoor applications are also included, emphasizing a few selected cases. the book intends to be an important reference source for those involved in the study of the durability of polymers and plastics, production of plastics for exterior applications, chemists responsible for quality control of plastic products, and researchers and students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry and environmental science.

••Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 in Ophthalmology••Nanotechnology in Ophthalmology is a comprehensive and up-to-date reference on the role and applications of nanotechnology in ophthalmology, from drug delivery and treatment of ocular diseases to toxicity issues. Written by experts from the nanotechnology, ophthalmology, and pharmacology fields, this book has a unique, broad and diverse scope, including chapters on nanosensor-based diagnostic tools, delivery of nanobiomaterials, implantable materials and devices, delivery of nanobiomaterials, nanotechnology for medical and surgical treatment, regenerative medicine, and more. This book provides a valuable reference to researchers working in the areas of ophthalmology, nanoscience and pharmacology, and clinical fellows who are interested in nanoophthalmology as a reference for their practice and research. - Provides a comprehensive review of the literature in the area of nanoophthalmology - Discusses regenerative medicine, drug delivery, imaging, and medical device applications - Analyzes treatment strategies for emerging and multidrug-resistant ocular pathogens

Building engineering is a complex and constantly evolving branch. The needs of the XXI century society cause a constant change in construction industry due to the need to achieve sustainable and ecological buildings. This affects all levels and phases of this engineering. Given this circumstance, numerous researchers turn their efforts to find optimal solutions for building engineering. For this reason, in this book a holistic analysis of building engineering is carried out from the perspectives that have a greater weight for sustainability objectives. The book is divided into 6 sections: (i) Building materials, which deals with research related to the most innovative and sustainable building materials; (ii) Design and construction, which deals with existing methodologies and advances in design and construction in construction sector; (iii) Building repair and maintenance, which deals with building repair, maintenance and upkeep techniques; (iv) Energy efficiency, which analyses thelatest research on the energy efficiency of buildings and their behaviour in the face of climate change; (v) Sustainability, which analyses the establishment of measures to achieve a more sustainable built environment; and (vi) construction management, which compiles the latest studies in the field of Project manager. The 38 chapters of the book together constitute an advance for the topic of building engineering. The aspects covered in the book are of great interest to various sectors, such as researchers, engineers, architects, legislators and interested parties.

The book presents the recent advances on testing and experimentation in civil engineering, especially in the branches of geotechnics, transportation, hydraulics, and natural resources. It includes advances in physical modelling, monitoring techniques, data acquisition and analysis, and provides an invaluable contribution for the installation of new civil engineering experimental facilities. The first part of the book covers the latest advances in testing and experimentation in key domains of geotechnics: soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering, rock mechanics and rock engineering, and engineering geology. Some of the topics covered include new developments in topographic survey acquisition for applied mapping and in situ geotechnical investigations; laboratory and in situ tests to estimate the relevant parameters needed to model the behaviour of rock masses and land structures; monitoring and inspection techniques designed for offshore wind foundations. The second part of the bookhighlights the relevance of testing and monitoring in transportation. Full-scale accelerated pavement testing, and instrumentation becomes even more important nowadays when, for sustainability purposes, non-traditional materials are used in road and airfield pavements. Innovation in testing and monitoring pavements and railway tracks is also developed in this part of the book. Intelligent traffic systems are the new traffic management paradigm, and an overview of new solutions is addressed here. Finally, in the third part of the book, trends in the field and laboratory measurements and corresponding data analysis are presented according to the different hydraulic domains addressed in this publication, namely maritime hydraulics, surface water and river hydraulics and urban water.

Biopolymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Emerging Applications presents the state-of-the-art in biopolymers, bringing together detailed information on synthesis strategies, processing and cutting-edge applications. The book begins by introducing the synthesis, processing and structural and functional properties of smart biopolymers and bionanocomposites. Subsequent chapters focus on the synthesis and preparation of biopolymers with valuable properties or for specific advanced applications, including piezoelectric properties, shape memory properties, biodegradable polymer blends, synthesis and assembly of nanomaterials, synthesis of green biopolymers, and catalytic synthesis of bio-sourced polyesters and polycarbonate, as well as applications in active food packaging, water purification, biomedicine, 3D printing, and automotive. Throughout the book, there are analyses of different synthesis strategies and processing methods and their role and use in different fields of application, whilst the important challenges relating to scalable processing and shaping and micro and nano structuration are also discussed. The book also strives to balance the synthetic aspects of biopolymers with physical principles, highlighting biopolymer-based architectures including composite or hybrid conjugates, providing in-depth discussion of important examples of reaction mechanisms, and exploring potential applications of biopolymer and conjugates, ranging from physical to chemical and biological systems. - Provides the reader with a broad and detailed overview of the latest advances in biopolymers, covering synthesis, processing, properties and applications - Examines synthesis strategies and processing methods, focusing on green and sustainable catalytic synthesis approaches for biopolymer production - Reviews smart applications of biopolymers, including active food packaging, photocatalytic, electric, electronic, piezoelectric, antimicrobial, environmental, and more

This book reviews emerging nanomaterials in catalysis and sensors. The catalysis section covers the role of nano-photocatalysts in organic synthesis and health care application, oxidation and sulphoxidation reactions, liquid phase oxidation, hydrogen evolution and environmental remediation. It highlights the correlation of surface properties and catalytic activity of the mesoporous materials. The sensor section discusses the fabrication and development of various electrochemical, chemical, and biosensors.Features: Combines catalysis and sensor applications of nanomaterials, including detailed synthesis techniques of these materials. Explores methods of designing, engineering, and fabricating nanomaterials. Covers material efficiency, their detection limit for sensing different analytes and other properties of the materials. Discusses sustainability of nano materials in the industrial sector. Includes case studies to address the challenges faced by research and development sectors. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in Chemical Engineering, Nanochemistry, Water Treatment Engineering and Labs, Industries, Research Labs in Catalysis and Sensors, Environmental Engineering, and Process Engineering.

THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER COMPOSITES The monograph represents a life-long career in industry and academia and creates an exhaustive and comprehensive narrative that gives a complete understanding of important and state-of-the-art aspects of polymer composites including processing, properties, performance, applications & recyclability. Based on 40 years'experience in both industry and academia, the author's goal is to make a comprehensive and up-to-date account that gives a complete understanding of various aspects of polymer composites covering processing, properties, performance, applications & recyclability. Divided into 8 main chapters, the book treats thermoplastics vs. thermosets and the processing of thermoplastics; filled polymer composites; short fiber reinforced composites; long fiber reinforced composites; continuous fiber reinforced composites; nanocomposites; applications; and recycling polymer composites. Readers can have confidence that: Thermoplastic Polymer Composites (TPC) gives a comprehensive understanding of polymer composites'processing, properties, applications, and their recyclability; Provides a complete understanding of man-made as well as natural fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites and explores in depth how short fiber, long fiber, and continuous fiber can transform the entire domain of composites'processing and properties; Provides a deep understanding of nanocomposites with more than 50 examples covering both commodities as well as engineering thermoplastics. It presents conducting composites and several bio-medical applications of composites that are already passed through laboratories. Audience This unique reference book will be of great value to researchers and postgraduate students in materials science, polymer science, as well industry engineers in plastics manufacturing. Those working in product development laboratories of polymer and allied industries will also find it helpful.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of low-energy ion–solid interaction from basic principles to advanced applications in materials science. It features a balanced and insightful approach to the fundamentals of the low-energy ion–solid surface interaction, focusing on relevant topics such as interaction potentials, kinetics of binary collisions, ion range, radiation damages, and sputtering. Additionally, the book incorporates key updates reflecting the latest relevant results of modern research on topics such as topography evolution and thin-film deposition under ion bombardment, ion beam figuring and smoothing, generation of nanostructures, and ion beam-controlled glancing angle deposition. Filling a gap of almost 20 years of relevant research activity, this book offers a wealth of information and up-to-date results for graduate students, academic researchers, and industrial scientists working in these areas.