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With the ever-increasing demand for energy worldwide, nations are looking for suitable options to solve the energy crisis, a matter of serious global concern. Many nations around the world are investing huge capital in the quest for sustainable energy sources. Fossil fuels are very limited, and their utilization comes with a number of harmful effects on human health and environment. This book addresses the energy challenge by discussing the various aspects of design, exploitation, and applications of green nanomaterials in energy devices—for energy efficiency, energy conversion, energy storage, and energy saving. The book also addresses the limitations that currently exist and how green nanomaterials can be the utilized as a future prospect towards a sustainable economy.The book emphasizes the importance and different modes of synthesis of nanomaterials, with detailed emphasis on green nanomaterials. Energy efficiency and environmental impact of the utilization of green nanomaterials as energy conversion devices are a major focus of the book.Key features: Addresses the global energy crisis and presents a picture of depleting resources Highlights the importance of nanomaterials and efficient utilization Explains green synthesis of nanomaterials Discusses the utilization of green nanomaterials for energy conversion Looks at green nanomaterials towards a sustainable economy Discusses the existing challenges and limitations, with prospects of using green nanomaterials in energy conversion devices This volume will be a boon for engineers (mechanical, electrical, chemical, etc.), nanotechnologists, biologists, economists, researchers, scientists, and others who are called to address solutions to the energy crises with green nanomaterials.

Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Wind Power Structures in Marine Environments: Volume 2: Corrosion Protection Measures offers the first comprehensive review on corrosion and corrosion protection of offshore wind power structures. The book extensively discusses corrosion phenomena and corrosion types in different marine corrosion zones, including the modeling of corrosion processes and interactions between corrosion and structural stability. The book addresses important design issues, namely materials selection relevant to their performance in marine environments, corrosion allowance, and constructive design. Active and passive corrosion protection measures are emphasized, with special sections on cathodic corrosion protection and the use of protective coatings. Seawater related issues associated with cathodic protection, such as calcareous deposit formation, hydrogen formation, and fouling, are discussed. With respect to protective coatings, the book considers, for the first time, complete loading scenarios, including corrosive loads, mechanical loads, and special loads, and covers a wide range of coating materials. Problems associated with fouling and bacterial-induced corrosion are extensively reviewed. The book closes with a chapter on recent developments in maintenance strategies, inspection techniques, and repair technologies. The book will be of special interest to materials scientists, materials developers, corrosion engineers, maintenance engineers, civil engineers, steel work designers, mechanical engineers, marine engineers, chemists, and coating specialists. Offshore wind power is an emerging renewable technology and a key factor for a cleaner environment. Offshore wind power structures are situated in a demanding and challenging marine environment. The structures are loaded in a complex way, including mechanical loads and corrosive loads. Corrosion is one of the major limiting factors to the reliability and performance of the technology. Maintenance and repair of corrosion protection systems are particularly laborious and costly. - Explores the literature between 1950 and 2020 and contains over 2000 references - Offers the most complete monograph on the issue - Covers all aspects of corrosion protection in detail, including coatings, cathodic protection, corrosion allowance, constructive design, as well as maintenance and repair - Delivers the most complete review on corrosion of metals in marine/offshore environments - Focuses on all aspects of offshore wind power structures, namely foundations, towers, internal sections, connection flanges, and transformation platforms

This book includes selected articles from the 2nd International Conference on Innovative Textiles and Developed Materials (ITDM'2) held in Monastir, Tunisia, on May 5 and 6, 2023. The articles present latest scientific concepts and technological advances in innovative and sustainable textile materials and processes worldwide. The conference promotes exchange of ideas and emerging technologies to foster collaboration between academia and industry.

Multifunctional Phase Change Materials: Fundamentals, Properties and Applications updates on phase change materials (PCMs) used for the storage of thermal energy as sensible and latent heat. This class of materials is the subject of intensive research, both fundamental and applied, as they substantially contribute to the efficient use and conservation of waste heat and solar energy. Different groups of materials have been investigated as PCMs, including inorganic systems (salt and salt hydrates), organic, e.g., paraffins or fatty acids, polymers, and finally, hybrid materials. Recent developments are focused on multifunctional PCMs that provide functional features apart from energy storage, such as desired optical or antibacterial properties. This book presents various synthesis approaches for functionalized materials, as well as specific interactions and self-organization effects in polymer/functionalized (nano)particle systems. It reviews the current state-of-the-art in multifunctional phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications by describing the fundamentals of energy storage, the main classes of PCMs, functionalization protocols, encapsulation methods and shape stabilization procedures. - Covers the most important developments in PCMs that have expanded rapidly over the last few years, including thermochromic and thermoelectric PCMs, as well as fluorescence-functionalized phase change materials - Includes the newest solutions in PCMs related to functionalization and shape stabilization, e.g., nano-encapsulation and electrospun ultrafine phase change fibers - Provides a multidisciplinary, comprehensive work that will be of interest for a wide readership active in various disciplines, from materials science to environmental engineering

Building engineering is a complex and constantly evolving branch. The needs of the XXI century society cause a constant change in construction industry due to the need to achieve sustainable and ecological buildings. This affects all levels and phases of this engineering. Given this circumstance, numerous researchers turn their efforts to find optimal solutions for building engineering. For this reason, in this book a holistic analysis of building engineering is carried out from the perspectives that have a greater weight for sustainability objectives. The book is divided into 6 sections: (i) Building materials, which deals with research related to the most innovative and sustainable building materials; (ii) Design and construction, which deals with existing methodologies and advances in design and construction in construction sector; (iii) Building repair and maintenance, which deals with building repair, maintenance and upkeep techniques; (iv) Energy efficiency, which analyses thelatest research on the energy efficiency of buildings and their behaviour in the face of climate change; (v) Sustainability, which analyses the establishment of measures to achieve a more sustainable built environment; and (vi) construction management, which compiles the latest studies in the field of Project manager. The 38 chapters of the book together constitute an advance for the topic of building engineering. The aspects covered in the book are of great interest to various sectors, such as researchers, engineers, architects, legislators and interested parties.

This book coherently presents the advances in technological principles, processes, and methods of Additive Manufacturing (AM), Augmented reality (AR), and Internet of things (IoT) in biomedical technology. It offers an overview of these high-impact technologies in terms of materials, processes, and in-situ monitoring of fabricating biomedical devices, implants, and prosthetics. Furthermore, the book also aimed to cover pedagogical applications, including the design and development of high-fidelity anatomical and hybrid physiological human models, for medical and design students and clinicians for learning, understanding, and gaining insights into the structures and functions of human organs and pathology. In turn, the book also discusses the applications of artificial intelligence in the 3-D printing of pharmaceuticals. This book is a useful resource for manufacturers, scientists, engineers, and young research scholars understand disruptive technology's real potential in biomedicalapplications.

These proceedings present papers on Additive Manufacturing, Composites Forming Processes, Extrusion and Drawing, Forging and Rolling, Formability of Metallic Materials, Friction and Wear in Metal Forming, Incremental and Sheet Metal Forming, Innovative Joining by Forming Technologies, Lionel Fourment MS on Optimization and Inverse Analysis in Forming, Machining and Cutting, Material Behavior Modelling, New and Advanced Numerical Strategies for Material Forming, Non-Conventional Processes, Polymer Processing and Thermomechanical Properties, Sustainability on Material Forming, and Property-Controlled Forming. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing, Composites Forming Processes, Extrusion and Drawing, Forging and Rolling, Formability of Metallic Materials, Friction and Wear in Metal Forming, Incremental and Sheet Metal Forming, Innovative Joining by Forming Technologies, Lionel Fourment MS on Optimization and Inverse Analysis in Forming, Machining and Cutting, Material Behavior Modelling, New and Advanced Numerical Strategies for Material Forming, Non-Conventional Processes, Polymer Processing and Thermomechanical Properties, Sustainability on Material Forming, and Property-Controlled Forming.

This special volume of the journal Defect and Diffusion Forum is entitled: Advances in Mass and Thermal Transport in Engineering Materials IV. It continues the general theme of how mass and heat diffusion in solids and liquids occur and how these phenomena can be controlled. We start from mass and heat migration at the microscale and carry it through to the macroscale.

Comprehensive Structural Integrity, Second Edition, a Ten Volume Set, provides material scientists and engineers with an authoritative and complete one-stop reference tool on all aspects of this exciting field. The book puts special emphasis on the interaction between mechanics and materials and structural integrity applications. Because of the interdisciplinary and applied nature of the work, it is an indispensable resource for mechanical engineers and materials scientists from both academic and industrial backgrounds, including bioengineering, interface engineering and nanotechnology. Structural Integrity is the ability of a component, structure or asset to operate properly under the pressure of a load, including the weight of the asset itself. It's a vital consideration for structural engineering: essentially the science and technology which can prevent disaster. - Provides a one-stop resource for researchers with its comprehensive coverage of theoretical and practical aspects of structural integrity - Covers detailed information that will benefit a wide range of readers in this multidisciplinary field - Presents case studies that are important for practical applications and industries such as construction/engineering, aircraft, energy (nuclear, oil and gas, power engineering) - Includes new chapters that focus on recent developments in materials engineering e.g., advanced composite materials, bio/bio-medical engineering, nano- and micro- structured materials

This book summarizes recent and critical aspects of advanced materials for environmental protection and remediation. It explores the various development aspects related to environmental remediation, including design and development of novel and highly efficient materials, aimed at environmental sustainability. Synthesis of advanced materials with desirable physicochemical properties and applications is covered as well. Distributed across 13 chapters, the major topics covered include sensing and elimination of contaminants and hazardous materials via advanced materials along with hydrogen energy, biofuels, and CO2 capture technology. Discusses the development in design of synthesis process and materials with sustainable approach. Covers removal of biotic and abiotic wastes from the aqueous systems. Includes hydrogen energy and biofuels under green energy production. Explores removal of environmental (soil and air) contaminants with nanomaterials. Reviews advanced materials for environmental remediation in both liquid and gas phases.

The book covers production, structure, properties and potential applications of nanocellular polymers fabricated by using foaming methods. These materials are porous materials with pore sizes in the nanometer range, processed as bulk or film materials, from a wide set of polymers. Reduction of pore size to the nanoscale drastically modifies important properties such as thermal conductivity, optical properties, mechanical properties and specific surface area among others providing improved properties and promising applications for these materials in automotive, aeronautic, renewable energies, construction, filtration or thermal insulation.

Nanotechnology-based E-Noses reviews advances in nanomaterials and their modification for use in e-sensors.'E-noses'or'electronic sensors'are emerging as advanced technologies for the fast detection of chemicals, gases, and explosives. The concept behind the'e-nose'is similar to the capability of humans and dogs in detecting materials based on odors. Nanomaterials can be used for e-nose technologies but their properties must be modified to make them effective sensors. The sensing capability and performance of these materials depend on several factors, such as morphology, dopants, microadditives, design of sensors, phase, and structure of the nanomaterials. Theoretical understanding of nanomaterials and technologies for improving sensors with better detection limits are covered. The most relevant nanomaterials, their synthesis strategies, and the relationship between properties and device performance are provided. Current state-of-the-art progress in nanotechnology device fabrication along with directions for future applications and challenges are discussed. - Covers fundamentals of nanomaterials for electronic sensing applications, including material synthesis and property optimization strategies to improve material performance - Reviews emerging relevant nanomaterials including 1D, 2D and 3D nanomaterials for use in e-nose technologies - Discusses nanotechnology-based e-noses and their wide range of applications in the detection of chemicals, gases, explosives, and more

This book offers a comprehensive overview of trends in polymers and their derivatives with a focus on sustainable, composite polymers and their applications across a variety of fields. It offers insights on novel applications of these materials to solve today's complex industrial challenges. The book provides an extensive review of various composites, including bamboo fiber, nanofilled epoxy, carbon nano-onions (CNOs), basalt fiber reinforced, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/epoxy, and natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. Trends in Applications of Polymers and Polymer Composites: • Addresses smart polymers/stimuli responsive polymers or programmable polymers • Discusses the applications of conducting polymer composites for the development of resistive and electrochemical gas sensors • Provides a roadmap for the future applications of different intelligent/smart polymer composites This book is an invaluable resource for research professionals engaged in polymer related research, graduate students, and postdoctoral researchers. Undergraduate students, materials scientists, and polymer microfabrication engineers will also find it a useful reference.

This edited book focuses on processing, properties, and applications of bast fiber and its composites written by renowned researchers and academicians. The contents focus on properties such as rheological and dielectric of bast fiber composites. It also discusses its dynamic mechanical analysis, thermal stability of polymer composites reinforced with bast fibers, and water absorption behavior of bast fiber incorporated polymer composites. This book will be beneficial to both the industry and academia as it highlights possible avenues of future research.

Carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions are the backbone of synthetic organic chemistry. Scientists are constantly developing and improving these techniques in order to maximize the diversity of synthetically available molecules. These techniques must be developed in a sustainable manner in order to limit their environmental impact. This book highlights green carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions.

The continued greening of the energy sector, with inroads being made through numerous sources of materials that can produce energy, is the main focus of this, Green Chemical Processing, Volume 8. It includes contributions from area experts in widely different fields, all involved in energy production, and makes connections to the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry.

This volume includes six chapters presenting some of the latest research in materials science. Chapter One reviews a few functionalization and characterization techniques for graphene oxide. Chapter Two examines the role of functionalization methods, synergetic polymeric materials, or anchoring of noble metal nanoparticles in increasing the nonlinear optical properties of graphene-based compounds along with explaining physico-chemical mechanisms. Chapter Three presents the main results, conclusions, and limitations issued from studies examining bentonite adsorption performance in sugar juices, molasses decolorization, and apple juice and wine purification and stabilization. Chapter Four describes a reactive co-evaporation process employed for the fabrication of REBCO coated conductors. Chapter Five reports the effect of nano-silica particles on the thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane foams synthesized from corn starch, glycerol, polyethylene glycol and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. Finally, Chapter Six gives an overview of different polypyrrole films electrogenerated onto AZ91D Mg alloy.

THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER COMPOSITES The monograph represents a life-long career in industry and academia and creates an exhaustive and comprehensive narrative that gives a complete understanding of important and state-of-the-art aspects of polymer composites including processing, properties, performance, applications & recyclability. Based on 40 years'experience in both industry and academia, the author's goal is to make a comprehensive and up-to-date account that gives a complete understanding of various aspects of polymer composites covering processing, properties, performance, applications & recyclability. Divided into 8 main chapters, the book treats thermoplastics vs. thermosets and the processing of thermoplastics; filled polymer composites; short fiber reinforced composites; long fiber reinforced composites; continuous fiber reinforced composites; nanocomposites; applications; and recycling polymer composites. Readers can have confidence that: Thermoplastic Polymer Composites (TPC) gives a comprehensive understanding of polymer composites'processing, properties, applications, and their recyclability; Provides a complete understanding of man-made as well as natural fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites and explores in depth how short fiber, long fiber, and continuous fiber can transform the entire domain of composites'processing and properties; Provides a deep understanding of nanocomposites with more than 50 examples covering both commodities as well as engineering thermoplastics. It presents conducting composites and several bio-medical applications of composites that are already passed through laboratories. Audience This unique reference book will be of great value to researchers and postgraduate students in materials science, polymer science, as well industry engineers in plastics manufacturing. Those working in product development laboratories of polymer and allied industries will also find it helpful.

The polyurethane industry is among the fastest growing, with polyurethanes used in consumer as well as industrial sectors. Waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) exhibit many advantages over conventional volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based polyurethanes and have emerged as an environmentally friendly alternative. WPUs offer an opportunity to use sustainable raw materials to produce environmentally sustainable polymers, particularly, polyols derived from vegetable oils. Eco-Friendly Waterborne Polyurethanes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications provides state-of-the-art knowledge of the synthesis, application, and property enhancement of WPUs. Covers various types of eco-friendly materials and technologies used to synthesize WPUs Presents an overview and applications of WPUs in several advanced research areas Provides fundamentals of synthetic processes and their chemistries for specific applications Elaborates on advanced approaches used to convert renewable resources into polymers Offers new direction to scientists, researchers, and students to better understand the chemistry, technologies, and applications Written for polymer chemists, materials scientists, and other researchers and industry, this book serves as a comprehensive reference for readers interested in the development and application of sustainable polymers.

The current state of understanding of emerging iron alloys and high-alloy ferrous systems, in comparison with some conventional steels, is compiled in this single volume to further their development. While most of the conventional steels are produced routinely today, many advanced high strength steels and iron-based alloys are still in the laboratory stage. The iron-based emerging alloys can yield high levels of mechanical and physical properties due to their new alloy concepts and novel microstructures leading to multiple benefits of their use in terms of sustainability and environmental impact. This book contains introductory chapters that present the requisite background knowledge on thermodynamics, phase diagrams, and processing routes used for the ferrous alloys to enable the readers a smooth understanding of the main chapters. Then, an overview of the conventional microalloyed steels and advanced high strength steels is given to present the benchmark of the existing steels and ferrous alloys manifesting their current state-of-the-art in terms of physical metallurgy and engineering applications. Subsequent chapters detail novel, emerging ferrous alloys and high-alloy ferrous systems. Summarizes the state-of-the-art of emerging iron-based alloys and the new processing and physical metallurgy-related developments of high-alloy iron systems;Explores new iron-based systems driven by the need for new properties, enhanced performance, sustainable processes and educed environmental impact;Compiles cutting-edge research on the progress of materials science of iron-based systems, from physical metallurgy to engineering applications, and possible avenues for future research.

Earth has become a huge mine, with a greater quantity and variety of fundamental mineral resources being extracted year after year. Technology, from electric cars to everyday electrical equipment, consume vast amounts of scarce raw materials. On a planet with limited resources, are these minerals being properly assessed? Will there be enough raw materials to meet the demand of a world population on track to reach 10 billion people? What will be the consequences of accelerated resource depredation? Will the planet one day become'Thanatia', a resource-exhausted Earth?This book allows readers to understand the mineral heritage of the Earth, considering the demand for raw materials in society, comparing it with the availability of resources on Earth and the impact of mining. The basics of physical geonomics are exlpained, allowing readers to analyse the loss of mineral resources on the planet. The impact of renewable energies and technologies, including electric vehicles, arestudied. The book concludes with possible solutions to mineral depletion, from increasing recycling rates, ecodesign measures or alternative sources of mineral resources. Providing numerous tables and illustrations,'The Material Limits of Energy Transition: Thanatia'gives readers a thorough understanding of mineral depletion. Exploring geology, geochemistry, mining, metallurgy, the environment and thermodynamics, this is a truly holistic book.

This book highlights the positive and negative impacts that hemp fibre and textiles have on environment, while studying the effects of climate change on the growth of fibre hemp. Human-induced climate change challenge the availability of textile fibres, whereas today's apparel industry leaves behind a substantial environmental footprint. Sustainable hemp textiles can lighten it. The book describes the environmental impact of hemp and how climate change influences future hemp growth. Hemp is considered in most literature as a sustainable alternative for the commonly used fibres polyester and cotton. However, most research does not go farther than the environmental impacts of hemp, and there is currently a lack of knowledge/literature that examines the possibilities of hemp growth under changing climate conditions.

This textbook aims to ensure that advances in medical textiles are addressed and that recent developments are able to be appreciated and understood not only by medical practitioners and healthcare personnel but also by textile scientists and technologists. The idea is to stimulate collaborative research and development in the field of medical textiles and to equip researchers with an understanding of the steps they need to take to ensure that their efforts, be they to develop new devices for implantation or items for external application, are carried out in such a way as to improve their effectiveness and enhance the prospects for their implementation. Attention is drawn to the need to improve outcomes in the practical setting and to guidance on the detailed planning required prior to engaging in experimental work. Standard tests can help researchers to monitor performance, but for some important applications such as those required to demonstrate antimicrobial and fluid-repellent performance in most items of protective wear, standard tests consistently fall seriously short in terms of predicting how well they might work in the practical setting. Guidance is therefore given for their further development.Chapters within the textbook cover: The history of innovation within medical textiles with particular attention given to key concepts of the latter part of the 19th Century and subsequent associated developments. Textile and polymer science underpinning fibres, fabrics, nano-fibre technology and the functional finishes that can be applied to enhance the performance of medical textile products. Woven, knitted, nonwoven and braided fabrics and the key performance characteristics of each fabric type which make them particularly suited to specific medical textile roles such as mesh, grafts, filtration and scaffolds for tissue engineering. Implantable medical textiles, non-implantable medical textiles, health and hygiene products and extracorporeal devices that use textile products. Legislative requirements for medical devices. The design of experiments and suitability for purpose of textile test methods. Case studies to illustrate how medical textiles are applied in practice. The book provides essential reading for textile professionals, biomedical engineers, and others involved in the research, design and engineering of medical and healthcare appliances, and for those employed in the medical profession wishing to gain new insights into the wealth of materials at their disposal.

Approx.770 pagesApprox.770 pages

Polymer Composites in the Aerospace Industry, Second Edition, summarizes the latest research and developments on the design, manufacture and performance of composite components for aerospace structures. Sections cover the modeling, structure and behavior of 2D and 3D woven composites, the manufacture processes used for composite materials and components, buckling and compressive strength of laminates and manufacturing defects in composite materials, aspects of composite performance in aerospace structural design, including chapters on modeling stiffness and strength of structural elements, fatigue under uniaxial and multiaxial loads, fracture mechanics, impact strength and fatigue, crashworthiness, design and failure analysis of bolted joints, and much more. This updated edition is an essential reference resource for engineers, scientists and designers working in the development of composite materials in aerospace applications. - Presents detailed discussions on the design, modeling and analysis of conventional and advanced polymer composites used in aerospace applications - Provides an in-depth understanding of the performance parameters of aerospace composites, such as strength, stiffness and fatigue, impact and blast resistance - Includes significant developments that have occurred since 2015 (in production and manufacturing, fatigue modeling, test standards, adhesive bonding and repair and service techniques) - Features a brand new section on design applications, including helicopter components, fixed wing landing gear, aircraft wings and fuselage

Selected peer-reviewed papers from Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress (RI2C 2019)Selected, peer-reviewed papers from the 2019 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress (RI2C 2019) December 11 – 13, 2019, Bangkok, Thailand

This Encyclopedia covers the entire science of continuum mechanics including the mechanics of materials and fluids. The encyclopedia comprises mathematical definitions for continuum mechanical modeling, fundamental physical concepts, mechanical modeling methodology, numerical approaches and many fundamental applications. The modelling and analytical techniques are powerful tools in mechanical civil and areospsace engineering, plus in related fields of plasticity, viscoelasticity and rheology. Tensor-based and reference-frame-independent, continuum mechanics has recently found applications in geophysics and materials.

This open access book presents a collection of the most up-to-date research results in the field of steel development with a focus on pioneering alloy concepts that result in previously unattainable materials properties. Specifically, it gives a detailed overview of the marriage of high-performance steels of the highest strength and form-ability with damage-tolerant zirconia ceramics by innovative manufacturing technologies, thereby yielding a new class of high-performance composite materials. This book describes how new high-alloy stainless TRIP/TWIP steels (TRIP: TRansformation-Induced Plasticity, TWIP: TWinning-induced Plasticity) are combined with zirconium dioxide ceramics in powder metallurgical routes and via melt infiltration to form novel TRIP-matrix composites. This work also provides a timely perspective on new compact and damage-tolerant composite materials, filigree light-weight structures as well as gradient materials, and a close understanding of the mechanisms of the phase transformations.With a detailed application analysis of state-of-the-art methods in spatial and temporal high-resolution structural analysis, in combination with advanced simulation and modelling, this edited volume is ideal for researchers and engineers working in modern steel development, as well as for graduate students of metallurgy and materials science and engineering.

This book presents a comprehensive overview on origin, structure, properties, modification strategies and applications of the biopolymer lignin. It is organized into four themed parts. The first part focuses on the analysis and characterization of the second most abundant biopolymer. The following part is devoted to the biological aspects of lignin such as biosynthesis and degradation. In the third part, chemical modification strategies and the preparation of composites as well as nano- and microparticles are discussed.The final part addresses the industrial application of lignin and its derivatives, as well as lignin materials. The usage for synthesis of biofuels, fine chemicals and in agriculture and food industry is covered.This book is a comprehensive source for researchers, scientists and engineers working in the field of biopolymers as well as renewable materials and sources.

This book presents a collection of studies on state-of-art techniques for converting biomass to chemical products by means of pyrolysis, which are widely applicable to the valorization of biomass. In addition to discussing the fundamentals and mechanisms for producing bio-oils, chemicals, gases and biochar using pyrolysis, it outlines key reaction parameters and reactor configurations for various types of biomass. Written by leading experts and providing a broad range of perspectives on cutting-edge applications, the book is a comprehensive reference guide for academic researchers and industrial engineers in the fields of natural renewable materials, biorefinery of lignocellulose, biofuels, and environmental engineering, and a valuable resource for university students in the fields of chemical engineering, material science and environmental engineering.

Nanomedicines for Breast Cancer Theranostics addresses the translational aspects and clinical perspectives of breast cancer nanomedicine from a multidisciplinary perspective. The book summarizes research efforts at the preclinical and clinical stage of nanostructures and nanomedicine for dealing with the important challenge of nanomedicine translation in breast cancer theranostics. This book is an important resource for those working in both academia and industry, focusing on hot topics in biomaterials, biomedical engineering, drug delivery and oncology. - Shows how the discovery of new nanomedicines is leading directly to an increase in the early-stage diagnosis of breast cancer - Includes coverage of breast cancer nanomedicine standardization and characterization, highlighting newly developed treatments, diagnostics and treatment monitoring tools - Explains why the design of nanobiomaterials make them effective drug carriers when treating breast cancer

4th International Conference on Material Engineering and Application (4th ICMEA 2019)Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 4th International Conference on Material Engineering and Application (4th ICMEA 2019), August 23-25, 2019, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

This book presents a collection of studies on state-of-art techniques developed specifically for lignocellulose component derivation, and for the production of functional materials, composite polymers, carbonaceous biocatalysts, and pellets from lignocellulosic biomass, with an emphasis on using sustainable chemistry and engineering to develop innovative materials and fuels for practical application. Technological strategies for the physical processing or biological conversion of biomass for material production are also presented. All chapters were contributed by respected experts in the field from around the globe, providing a broad range of perspectives on cutting-edge applications.The book offers an ideal reference guide for academic researchers and industrial engineers in the fields of natural renewable materials, biorefinery of lignocellulose, biofuels and environmental engineering. It can also be used as a comprehensive reference source for university students inchemical engineering, material science and environmental engineering.

Biomass, Biopolymer-Based Materials and Bioenergy: Construction, Biomedical and Other Industrial Applications covers a broad range of material types, including natural fiber reinforced polymer composites, particulate composites, fiberboard, wood fiber composites, and plywood composite that utilize natural, renewable and biodegradable agricultural biomass. In terms of bioenergy, the authors explore not only the well-known processing methods of biofuels, but also the kinetics of biofuels production pathways, a techno-economic analysis on biomass gasification, and biomass gasification with further upgrading into diesel additives and hybrid renewable energy systems for power generation. Further chapters discuss advanced techniques for the development of biomass-based composites, biopolymer-based composites, biomass gasification, thermal kinetic design and techno-economic analysis of biomass gasification. By introducing these topics, the book highlights a totally new research theme in biopolymer-based composite materials and bioenergy. - Covers a broad range of different research fields, including biopolymer and natural fiber reinforcement used in the development of composites - Demonstrates key research themes in materials science and engineering, including materials processing, polymer science, biofuel processing, and thermal and kinetic studies - Presents valuable information for those working in research and development departments, and for graduate students (Masters and PhDs)

This special anniversary book celebrates the success of this Springer book series highlighting materials modeling as the key to developing new engineering products and applications. In this 100th volume of “Advanced Structured Materials”, international experts showcase the current state of the art and future trends in materials modeling, which is essential in order to fulfill the demanding requirements of next-generation engineering tasks.

This review book focuses on the structure-property relationships of polyurethane nanocomposite foams in comparison with those of conventional polyurethane composite foams. The thermal insulation properties of polyurethane foam nanocomposites are discussed along with other traits such as their morphology, mechanical and thermomechanical properties, thermal degradation and flammability, energy absorption and saving capability, recycling and recovery behavior. In turn, the book discusses potential applications of PU nanocomposite foams and outlines the main problems that remain to be solved with regard to this important topic.

Metals in Wastes is an excellent guide for scientists, students, engineers, chemists, and industrial chemists who are looking for knowledge of the main sources of metals in industrial wastes. Metals are valuable materials that can be recycled again and again without degrading their properties. The recycling of metals enables us to preserve natural resources while requiring less energy to process than the manufacture of new products using virgin raw materials. A team of experts reviews the state-of-the-art and provides the readers not only with a comprehensive in-depth overview of the main composition of wastes but also discloses innovative methods which have been applied for recovery of critical and valuable metals in petrochemical industry, rubber, energy and automotive industries. This know-how could be considered as a useful reference tool for moving towards the zero-waste economy. Additionally, the book describes the economic aspects of metals recovery from various sources. This is essential for those already involved in the metals business and also for the financial, investment and advisory community internationally.

This book provides an overview of the environmental problems that arise from construction activity, focusing on refurbishment as an alternative to the current crisis in the construction sector, as well as on measures designed to minimize the effects on the environment. Furthermore, it offers professionals insights into alternative eco-efficient solutions using new materials to minimize environmental impacts and offers solutions that they can incorporate into their own designs and buildings. It also demonstrates best practices in the cooperation between various universities in Andalusia in Spain and Latin America and many public and private companies and organizations. This book serves as a valuable reference resource for professionals and researchers and provides an overview on the status of investigations to find solutions to improve sustainable development in terms of materials, systems, facilities, neighborhoods, buildings, and awareness of the society involved.

Polyurethane Polymers: Composites and Nanocomposites concentrates on the composites and nanocomposites of polyurethane based materials. Polyurethane composites are a very important class of materials widely used in the biomedical and industrial field that offer numerous potential applications in many areas. This book discusses current research and identifies future research needs in the area. - Provides an elaborate coverage of the chemistry of polyurethane, its synthesis, and properties - Includes available characterization techniques - Relates types of polyurethanes to their potential properties - Discusses composites, nanocomposites options, and PU recycling

Hybrid Polymer Composite Materials: Processing presents the latest on these composite materials that can best be described as materials that are comprised of synthetic polymers and biological/inorganic/organic derived constituents. The combination of unique properties that emerge as a consequence of the particular arrangement and interactions between the different constituents provides immense opportunities for advanced material technologies. This series of four volumes brings an interdisciplinary effort to accomplish a more detailed understanding of the interplay between synthesis, structure, characterization, processing, applications, and performance of these advanced materials, with this volume focusing on their processing. - Provides a clear understanding of the present state-of-the-art and the growing utility of hybrid polymer composite materials - Includes contributions from world renowned experts and discusses the combination of different kinds of materials procured from diverse resources - Discusses their synthesis, chemistry, processing, fundamental properties, and applications - Provides insights on the potential of hybrid polymer composite materials for advanced applications

As one of the results of an ambitious project, this handbook provides a well-structured directory of globally available software tools in the area of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME). The compilation covers models, software tools, and numerical methods allowing describing electronic, atomistic, and mesoscopic phenomena, which in their combination determine the microstructure and the properties of materials. It reaches out to simulations of component manufacture comprising primary shaping, forming, joining, coating, heat treatment, and machining processes. Models and tools addressing the in-service behavior like fatigue, corrosion, and eventually recycling complete the compilation. An introductory overview is provided for each of these different modelling areas highlighting the relevant phenomena and also discussing the current state for the different simulation approaches. A must-have for researchers, application engineers, and simulation software providers seeking a holistic overview about the current state of the art in a huge variety of modelling topics. This handbook equally serves as a reference manual for academic and commercial software developers and providers, for industrial users of simulation software, and for decision makers seeking to optimize their production by simulations. In view of its sound introductions into the different fields of materials physics, materials chemistry, materials engineering and materials processing it also serves as a tutorial for students in the emerging discipline of ICME, which requires a broad view on things and at least a basic education in adjacent fields.

This book covers a wide range of topics in fracture and damage mechanics. It presents historical perspectives as well as recent innovative developments, presented by peer reviewed contributions from internationally acknowledged authors. The volume deals with the modeling of fracture and damage in smart materials, current industrial applications of fracture mechanics, and it explores advances in fracture testing methods. In addition, readers will discover trends in the field of local approach to fracture and approaches using analytical mechanics. Scholars in the fields of materials science, engineering and computational science will value this volume which is dedicated to Meinhard Kuna on the occasion of his 65th birthday in 2015. This book incorporates the proceedings of an international symposium that was organized to honor Meinhard Kuna's contributions to the field of theoretical and applied fracture and damage mechanics.

This book gives an in-depth overview on nuclear structure and function. It clearly shows that the epigenome and the three-dimensional organization of the nucleus are not independent properties. The intimate relationship between the location and the epigenetic modifications of gene loci is highlighted. Finally, it shows that the complex three-dimensional organization of the nucleus is not just of academic interest: The structure, composition and function of virtually all of the sub-nuclear compartments identified so far can be implicated to a list of human genetic diseases. Hence, a detailed elucidation of how these domains are assembled and function will provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in clinical practice.

This book brings value to anyone working with or designing natural fiber composite structures. It helps readers understand the value these materials can add to projects, how to choose the best materials and treatments, how to safely design and fabricate products made of natural fiber composites, and how to test them for safety. It covers the characterization of natural fibers, matrices and respective composites, and how to enhance their performance and processing as well as testing and degradation issues.

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2nd International Conference on Damage Mechanics (ICDM2), July 8-11, 2015, Troyes, France

Special topic volume with invited peer reviewed papers only.

Polymer composites are increasingly used in aerospace applications due to properties such as strength and durability compared to weight. Edited by two leading authorities in the field, this book summarises key recent research on design, manufacture and performance of composite components for aerospace structures. Part one reviews the design and manufacture of different types of composite component. Part two discusses aspects of performance such as stiffness, strength, fatigue, impact and blast behaviour, response to temperature and humidity as well as non-destructive testing and monitoring techniques.

Advances in Applied Mechanics draws together recent significant advances in various topics in applied mechanics. Published since 1948, Advances in Applied Mechanics aims to provide authoritative review articles on topics in the mechanical sciences, primarily of interest to scientists and engineers working in the various branches of mechanics, but also of interest to the many who use the results of investigations in mechanics in various application areas, such as aerospace, chemical, civil, environmental, mechanical and nuclear engineering. - Covers all fields of the mechanical sciences - Highlights classical and modern areas of mechanics that are ready for review - Provides comprehensive coverage of the field in question

As nanomaterials and their end products occupy the pinnacle position of consumer markets, it becomes vital to analyze their generation processes. One of the green chemistry principles underlines the need for unusual energy sources to generate them. Utilizing the extreme energy from the collapse of cavitation bubbles, generated by either ultrasound

The use of natural fibres as reinforcements in composites has grown in importance in recent years. Natural Fibre Composites summarises the wealth of significant recent research in this area. Chapters in part one introduce and explore the structure, properties, processing, and applications of natural fibre reinforcements, including those made from wood and cellulosic fibres. Part two describes and illustrates the processing of natural fibre composites. Chapters discuss ethical practices in the processing of green composites, manufacturing methods and compression and injection molding techniques for natural fibre composites, and thermoset matrix natural fibre-reinforced composites. Part three highlights and interprets the testing and properties of natural fibre composites including, non-destructive and high strain rate testing. The performance of natural fibre composites is examined under dynamic loading, the response of natural fibre composites to impact damage is appraised, and the response of natural fibre composites in a marine environment is assessed. Natural Fibre Composites is a technical guide for professionals requiring an understanding of natural fibre composite materials. It offers reviews, applications and evaluations of the subject for researchers and engineers. - Introduces and explores the structure, properties, processing, and applications of natural fibre reinforcements, including those made from wood and cellulosic fibres - Highlights and interprets the testing and properties of natural fibre composites, including non-destructive and high strain rate testing - Examines performance of natural fibre composites under dynamic loading, the response of natural fibre composites to impact damage, and the response of natural fibre composites in a marine environment